牛津初高中英语衔接语法

附件4：牛津初高中英语衔接语法(续)

IV.初中英语宾语从句语法精讲

一、宾语从句的概念

宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。

eg.WeknowthatMr.Caiteachesushistory.

Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.

二、宾语从句三要素

引导词(连接词)语序时态

1.引导词

that引导陈述句的宾语从句，whether,if引导一般疑问句的宾

语从句，Who,whom,whose,which,what,where,how,why,when弓|导

特殊疑问句的宾语从句

①由that引导的宾语从句

注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口

语当中往往省略,eg.

Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.

Hesaid(that)helikedbasketballverymuch.

Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.

I'mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.

哪些主句后跟that引导的宾语从句呢？

I(don't)believe/think/suppose(猜想)/expect(期

待)/imagine(想象)that...

Ihope/wishthat...

I'mglad/happy/pleased/sorry/afraid/sure/certain/surprised/

that...

②whether,if引导的宾语从句

if/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不咽确或不清楚。

常用在ask,wonder,doubt,can(could)youtellme等后。

Iwanttoknowif(whether)hehascomeupwithnewideas.

Askhimifheissatisfiedwiththeresultofthematch.

Iwonderwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.

只能用whether不能用if的情况：

a.在介词后面：

I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.

Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.

b.在动词不定式前：

Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.

c.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时：

Idon'tknowwhetherhe'sfreeornot.

MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.

Tellmewhetheryou'dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.

d.宾语从句提前时：

Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.

③由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词

where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句

★代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有

一定的意义，不可省略。

*Heaskedwhowasondutytoday.

*Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?

*HeaskedwhoseEnglishwasthebestintheclass.

*.Doyouknowwhenwe'llhaveaclassmeeting?

*Pleasetellmewherethenearesthospitalis.

*.CouldyoutellmewhyyourecommendSandyasthe

chaiipersonoftheStudents'Union?

2.语序：陈述句语序

即：主句+引导词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）

Canyoutellmehowoldyouare（你多大啦）?

★当what,which,who在从句中作主语或是以下句子时，语序不

变，e.g:

原句：

What'swrong?

What'sthematter?

What'shappening?

Whathappened?

在宾语从句中：

Canyoutellmewhathappened?

Idon'tknowwhat'sthematter.

3.时态：

主句一般现在时，从句可用任何时态。

主句一般过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。

★从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用

现在时,e.g:

Dadtoldusthatknowledgeispower.

Hetoldtheboythatthreeandfourisseven.

Hetoldmethesunrisesintheeast.

★当主句为一般过去时，从句中有具体的过去时间状语时，一般不

用过去完成时，而是用一般过去时,e.g:

Hesaid(that)heboughtthehousein1989.

Jacktoldusthathismotherdiedin1962.

★与过去相关的时态

一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时,e.g:

Hesaidthathehadbeentoshanghai.

IthoughtthathewaswatchingTV.

Sheinsistedthatshewasright.

MarytoldmethatshewouldgotoBeijingthenextday。

Exercise

i.单项选择

1.Doyouknowthistimeyesterday?

A.whoaretheywaitingB.whotheyarewaitingfor

C.whoweretheywaitingD.whotheywerewaitingfor

2.Couldyoutellus?

A.ifyourfatherdoesB.whatdoesyourfatherdo

C.yourfatherdoeswhatD.whatyourfatherdoes

3.CanyoutellmewhatnextSunday?

A.willtheydoB.theywoulddo

C.wouldtheydoD.theywilldo

4.SheaskedmeifIknew

A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwas

C.whosepenitisD.whosepenisit

5.Excuseme,couldyoutellme?

A.whencanIgettothestation

B.Icangettowhichstation

C.whichstationIcangetto

D.howIcangettothestation

6.Canyoutellmewhere?.

A.isthepostofficeB.thepostofficeis

C.doesthepostofficeD.thepostofficedoes

7.Doyouknowwhowithateightyesterday?

A.heistalkingB.washetalking

C.hewastalkingD.ishetalking

8.TheywonderediftheteacherusEnglishthenextterm.

A.wouldteachB.hadtaughtC.willteachD.taught

9.Hetoldmethatthesunintheeast.

A.risesB.raisesC.roseD.raised

10.Theboyaskedanynoisefromoutside.

A.whetherhadIheardB.whetherIhadheard

C.whetherhaveIheardD.whetherIhaveheard

11.Thismapwillshowyou.

A.whereistheSummerPalace

B.wheretheSummerPalaceis

C.whereistheSummerPalacelike

D.howtheSummerPalaceislike

12.Wehaven'tdecidedwewillgothereforapicnictomorrow.

A.whereB.whyC.whenD.Whether

13.Themanagercameuptosee.

A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwas

C.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter

14.Canyoutellmewhenback?

A.willhebeB.doeshecome

C.hewillbeD.didhecome

15.WuDongsaidhetwice.

A.hasbeentoShanghaiB.hasgonetoShanghai

C.hadbeentoShanghaiD.hadgonetoShanghai

16.Doyouunderstand?

A.whatshesaidB.whattosay

C.whatdidshesaidD.howshehadsaid

17.Theteachersaidthat.

A.thesunmovesaroundtheearth

B.theearthmovedaroundthesun

C.themoonisoursatellite

D.themoonwasoursatellite

18.1don'tknowwhenhe_back.Pleasetellhimthenewswhenhe

back.

A.come;willcomeB.comes;comes

C.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome

19.1don'tknowifhisuncle.1thinkheifheisfree.

A.willcome;comesB.willcome,willcome

C.comescomesD.comes;willcome

20.Nooneknows.

A.whichgatewehavetogo

B.whichgatewemustgo

C.whichgatedowehavetogoto

D.whichgatewehavetogoto

n.用所给动词的适当形式填空

l.Tomsaysthatthey(play)basketballatsixo'clock

yesterdayevening.

2.1hearthey(return)thebikealready.

3.HesaidthattheymembersofthePartysince1948.(be)

4.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlightfasterthansound,(travel)

5.1supposeyouaboutthemurdernow.(talk)

6.1didn'tknowwhomthelettersfrom,(be)

7.1didn'tknowwhattimehetheletter,(write)

8.Couldyoutellmewhoawaythebookalready?(take)

9.LingFengtoldmehethereseveraltimes.(be)

10.Ourteachertoldusthesunintheeast,(rise)

III.合并句子

1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.

2.Whatwillyousayatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?

3.Dotheyliketogoskiing?Heasked.

4.Heisdoinghishomework.Hesaid.

5.Hehasfoundhisbike.Tomsaid.

6.Isshedoingherhomework?Jimasked.

7.Whenwillhecomeback?Tomasked.

8.HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme?

9.Whyisthetrainlate?Wouldyoutellme?

10.Whichsongisthemostbeautiful?Theyasked.

附件4：牛津初高中英语衔接语法(续)

V.初中英语被动语态语法精讲

一.概念

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是

动作的承受者。

二.被动语态的构成：助动词/bd情态动词+及物动词的过去分词

三.被动语态的时态

1.一般现在时：am/is/are+pp

2.一般过去时：was/were+pp

3.一般将来时：shall/will+be/begoingtobe+pp

4.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+pp

5.过去进行时：was/were+being+pp

6.现在完成时：have/has+been+pp

7.过去完成时：had+been+pp

8.情态动词：(can/may/must/shouldetc.)+be+pp

四、主动语态变为被动语态

转换图示：

主动句：Theyplanted-true.

被动句：Atreewasplantedbythem.

宾蔽生语b计过去分词主语变为by…

1.主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：

①将主动句的宾语变为主语：

注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。

e.g:Tomkilledhim.fHewaskilledbyTom.

②将动词改为"be+过去分词"：

e.g:Theyheldameetingyesterday.

-Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.

③将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词后。

注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。

e.g:Hesangasong.

-*Asongwassungbyhim.

2.主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：

含有双宾语，即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的

句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。

但多以间接宾语作主语。

e.g:Jacktoldusthetruth.

WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.

Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.

五、注意以下问题：

★带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时一，可以把其中一个宾语变为被

动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾

语前加上介词to或for

用to的常见词有：give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,

take,bringetc.

用for的常见词有：make,choose,sing,play,draw,save,buy,get,

leave,cooketc.

e.g:Hegavemeabook.-*Iwasgivenabookbyhim.

fAbookwasgiventomebyhim.

★在see,let,make,hear,watchetc.动词之后,作宾语补足语的动词不

定式不带to,但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。

e.g:Myteachersawhimcheatintheexam.

fHewasseentocheatintheexambymyteacher.

★在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，

变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。

e.g:Itookgoodcareofmymotherlastweek.

—Mymotherwastakengoodcareofbyme.

★主动形式表示被动意义的词：

①某些感官动词：

look,smell,taste,feel,wear,sound,etc.

e.g:Itsmellsterrible.

Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.

②某些及物动词+副词：

wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,shut,keep

e.g:Thiskindofcomputersellswell.

★只有及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态,

因为它不带宾语。

Exercise

i.单项选择

1.Goodbooksagainandagain.

A.shouldbereadedB.shouldberead

C.mustreadD.oughttoread

2.Thechildrenbythenurse.

A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked

3.Hesomepiecesofadvice,buthetothem.

A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened

C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten

4.Whentheaccident?

A.was,happenB.did,happenC.is,happenD.was,happened

5.Thequestionbyussoon.

A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscuss

C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed

6.Thelababoutfiveyearsago.

A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt

7.Alotoftallbuildingsinhishometowninthelastthreeyears.

A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup

8.Theyprinting500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.

A.hadfinishedB.havefinished

C.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished

9.Ricealsointheirhometown.

A.is…grownB.is••,grewC.was…grewD.was',"grown

10.Hebytheteachers.

A.isalwayspraisedB.praises

C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised

11.Greatchangesplace.Manynewschools.

A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopen

C.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened

12.ThepictureinOctober,1996.

A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken

13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit.

A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairing

C.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired

14.1thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.

A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing

15.Thewarin1941.

A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenout

C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout

16.Whenwater,itwillbechangedintovapor（蒸汽）.

A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats

17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor.

A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking

18.Theydayandnight.

A.aremadeworkB.aremadetowork

C.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork

19.Chang'anRoadisofpeople.

A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulled

20.Man-madesatellitesintospacebymanycountries.

A.wassentupB.issentup

C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup

21.ThisEnglishsongoftenbythechildren.

A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung

22.Thewindowsofourhouseonceaweek.

A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned

23.WhenthePeople'sRepublicofChina?

A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found

24.Mary'sradiobymybrotherjustnow.

A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended

25.Yourexercisebooksafterclass.

A.willhandinB.musthandinC.handedinD.mustbehandedin

26.Sometreesmayatothertimesoftheyear.

A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted

27.Thesunatnightasusual.

A.canbeseenB.can'tseeC.can'tbeseenD.doesn'tsee

28.AnewEnglishplaytherenextweek.

A.willputonB.willbeputon

C.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon

29.Astrangethinginourschoolyesterday.

A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappened

C.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen

30.Theglass.ItbylittleTomthismorning.

A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbroken

C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken

n.把下列句子改为被动语态

1.1sawtheboyrunyesterday.

2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.

3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.

4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?

5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.

6.1thinkthatheisright.

7.Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.

8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.

9.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.

10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.

in.用动词的正确形式填空：

1.Englishwidely(use)intheworld.

2.Thisoldhouse(build)ninetyyearsago.

3.They(make)machinesintheirfactory.

4.People(use)bambootowriteinthepast.

5.theseinventions(invent)manyyearsago?

6.1(find)thislibrarybookyesterday.

7.Thatlibrarybook(return)tothelibrarythismorning.

8.Thisbook(write)byLuxun.

9.Atrafficaccident(happen)justnow.

10.Thepen(write)veryfast.

11.PekingOpera(sound)