任务精读：隧道洞身支护构造（双语）课件讲解

隧道施工技术隧道洞身支护构造TunnelConstructionTechnologyTunnelTrunkSupportStructure整体式模筑混凝土衬砌Model-buildingconcretemonolithiclining1装配式衬砌Prefabricatedlining2喷锚支护Shotcrete-boltsupport3复合式衬砌Compositelining4课程小结Summary5ShotcreteSupport隧道施工技术目录TableofContentsTunnelConstructionTechnology整体式模筑凝土衬砌Model-buildingconcretemonolithiclining01隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure直墙式Verticalwalltype曲墙式Curvedwalltype地质条件/围岩级别GeologicalConditions/SurroundingRockClass传统衬砌结构形式，不考虑围岩的承载作用，在坑道内立模板、拱架,然后浇筑混凝土而成的整体式模筑混凝土衬砌model-buildingconcretemonolithicliningThetraditionalliningstructuredoesnotconsidertheload-bearingofsurroundingrock.Formworkandarchframeareerectedinthegallery,andthenconcreteispoured.铁路隧道Ⅲ级围岩直墙式衬砌标准图直墙式衬砌上部的拱圈Upperarchring侧边的垂直墙体Verticalwallsonbothsides下部的铺底BottomingVerticalwallliningStandardDrawingofVerticalWallLiningforClassIIISurroundingRockofRailwayTunnel隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructureRailtopsurface直墙式Verticalwalltype上部拱圈Upperarchring两侧竖直边墙Verticalwallsonbothsides下部铺底Bottoming++=直墙式衬砌适用范围：地质条件比较好,以垂直围岩压力为主而水平围岩压力较小的情况，主要适用于Ⅰ~Ⅲ级围岩，有时也可用于IV级围岩。曲墙式Curvedwalltype地质条件/围岩级别GeologicalConditions/SurroundingRockClassStandardDrawingofVerticalWallLiningforClassIIISurroundingRockofRailwayTunnel

Scopeofapplicationofverticalwalllining:Verticalwallliningissuitableforgoodgeologicalconditions,withmainverticalsurroundingrockpressureandlowhorizontalsurroundingrockpressure.ItismainlyapplicabletoClassI~IIIsurroundingrock,andsometimestoClassIVsurroundingrock.隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure整体式模筑混凝土衬砌Model-buildingconcretemonolithiclining传统衬砌结构形式，不考虑围岩的承载作用，在坑道内立模板、拱架,然后浇筑混凝土而成的Thetraditionalliningstructuredoesnotconsidertheload-bearingofsurroundingrock.Formworkandarchframeareerectedinthegallery,andthenconcreteispoured.铁路隧道Ⅲ级围岩直墙式衬砌标准图Railtopsurface铁路隧道Ⅲ级围岩直墙式衬砌标准图半衬砌(省去边墙)。注意在拱脚做平台以支撑拱圈，两侧岩壁喷浆敷面以阻止风化和少量地下水的渗透。1、半衬砌(省去边墙)1.Semi-liningoromissionofsidewallsSemi-lining(sidewallsomitted).Don'tforgettomakeaplatformatthearchspringingtosupportthearchring,Rockwallsonbothsidesareshotcretedtopreventweatheringandinfiltrationofgroundwater.半衬砌(省去边墙)。注意在拱脚做平台以支撑拱圈，两侧岩壁喷浆敷面以阻止风化和少量地下水的渗透。2、大拱脚2.LargearchspringingSemi-lining(sidewallsomitted).Don'tforgettomakeaplatformatthearchspringingtosupportthearchring,Rockwallsonbothsidesareshotcretedtopreventweatheringandinfiltrationofgroundwater.降低边墙建筑材料等级或采用花边墙如柱式边墙、连拱式边墙。3、降低边墙建筑材料等级或采用花边墙3.ReducethegradeofsidewallbuildingmaterialsoradoptlacewallReducethegradeofsidewallbuildingmaterialsoradoptlacewall,Suchascolumn-typesidewallandmulti-archsidewall.有以下几种特殊情况直墙式衬砌VerticalwallliningVerticalwallliningsareinspecialformsasfollows隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure(unit:cm)TopsurfaceofinnerrailSidewallShotcretingTopsurfaceofinnerrail曲墙式Curvedwalltype顶部拱圈toparchring侧面曲边墙curvedsidewall底部仰拱/铺底bottominvertedarch/bottoming++=曲墙式衬砌适用于地质条件比较差，岩体松散破碎，强度不高，又有地下水，侧向水平压力也相当大的Ⅳ、V和Ⅵ级围岩。地质条件/围岩级别GeologicalConditions/SurroundingRockClassCurvedwallliningisapplicableforpoorgeologicalconditions,suchasclassIV,VandVIsurroundingrockswithlooseandbrokenrockmass,lowstrength,andlargelateralpressure,andthere'sgroundwater.整体式模筑混凝土衬砌Model-buildingconcretemonolithiclining传统衬砌结构形式，不考虑围岩的承载作用，在坑道内立模板、拱架,然后浇筑混凝土而成的Thetraditionalliningstructuredoesnotconsidertheload-bearingofsurroundingrock.Formworkandarchframeareerectedinthegallery,andthenconcreteispoured.隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure铁路隧道V级围岩整体曲墙式衬砌CurvedwallmonolithicliningforclassVsurroundingrockofrailwaytunnelTopsurfaceofinnerrail装配式衬砌Prefabricatedlining021、一经装配成环，不需要养生时间，即可承受围岩压力。优点Advantages1.Onceassembledintoaring,itcanbearthepressureofsurroundingrockwithoutanycuring.装配式衬砌由一块一块的构件提前预制完成装配式衬砌PrefabricatedliningTheprefabricatedliningismadeofmembersprefabricatedonebyoneinadvance2、预制的构件可以在工厂成批生产,在洞内进行机械化拼装，从而改善劳动条件。3、拼装时，不需要临时支撑(如拱架、模板等)，从而节省了大量的支撑材料和劳力4、拼装速度因机械化而提高，不仅缩短了工期，还有可能使造价降低。2.Theprefabricatedmemberscanbeproducedinbatchesinthefactoryandassembledmechanicallyinthetunnel,thusimprovingtheworkingconditions.3.Duringassembly,notemporarysupport(suchasarchframe,formwork,etc.)isrequired,thussavingalotofsupportingmaterialsandlabor.4.Theassemblyisfasterduetomechanization,whichnotonlyshortenstheconstructionperiod,butalsomayreducethecost.隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure掘进方向Tunnelingdirection环向螺栓孔Circumferentialbolthole纵向螺栓孔Longitudinalbolthole1、强度足够而且耐久。构造要求StructuralRequirements1.Withsufficientstrengthandgooddurability.装配式衬砌由一块一块的构件提前预制完成装配式衬砌PrefabricatedliningTheprefabricatedliningismadeofmembersprefabricatedonebyoneinadvance2、能立即承受荷载。3、装配简便，构件类型少，形式简单，尺寸统一，便于工业化制作和机械化拼装。4、构件的尺寸大小和质量适合拼装机械的能力。5、有防水的设施。2.Beabletobeartheloadimmediately.。3.Simpleassembly,fewmembertypes,simplestyleanduniformdimensions,convenientforindustrialproductionandmechanicalassembly;4.Thesizeandmassofmemberaresuitablefortheabilityofassemblymachine.5.Waterproofingfacilitiesavailable.隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure掘进方向Tunnelingdirection环向螺栓孔Circumferentialbolthole纵向螺栓孔Longitudinalbolthole喷锚支护Shotcrete-boltsupport03喷射混凝土的拌和材料应符合下面的条件Theadditiveofshotcreteshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:1.普通硅酸盐水泥不小于325号。1.OrdinaryPortlandcementshallnotbelessthanGrade325.2.坚硬耐久的卵石或碎石的粒径不应大于15mm。3.河沙中不含土质或杂物4.速凝剂应采用质量稳定的产品。喷锚支护Shotcrete-boltsupport借高压喷射水泥混凝土和打入岩层中的金属锚杆的联合作用加固岩层喷射混凝土层Shotcretelayer锚杆anchorrod+Therockstratumisreinforcedbythecombinedactionofhighpressureshotcreteandmetalanchorrodsdrivenintotherockstratum.隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure2.Theparticlesizeofhardanddurablepebblesorcrushedstonesshallnotbegreaterthan15mm.3.Theriversandisfreeofsoilorimpurities.4.Theacceleratorshallbeofstablequality.CompositePortlandcement1.干喷。在输送到喷头处与高压水混合。喷射混凝土的喷射方式Shotcretingmethod1.Dryshotcreting.Itismixedwithhigh-pressurewateratthenozzle.2.潮喷。预加水成潮湿状，再在喷头处与高压水混合。3.湿喷。拌和好混凝土，在喷头处与速凝剂混合后喷出。4.喷射时应分段、分部、分块，严格按先墙后拱，先下后上的顺序进行，喷射时一次喷射厚度不宜太薄或太厚，喷层的厚度一般为5--25cm。喷锚支护Shotcrete-boltsupport借高压喷射水泥混凝土和打入岩层中的金属锚杆的联合作用加固岩层喷射混凝土层Shotcretelayer锚杆anchorrod+Therockstratumisreinforcedbythecombinedactionofhighpressureshotcreteandmetalanchorrodsdrivenintotherockstratum.2.Wetshotcretingmethod.Addwaterinadvancetomakeitwet,andthenmixitwithhigh-pressurewateratthenozzle.3.Dampenshotcretingmethod.Theconcretemixismixedwithacceleratoratthenozzleandthensprayedtotherock.4.Theshotcretingshallbecarriedoutinsections,partsandblocks,wallbeforearch,frombottomtotop.Theshotcretingthicknessshouldnotbetoothinortoothickeverytime.Theshotcretelayerisgenerally5-25cmthick.隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructureCompositePortlandcement锚固方式Anchoringmethod作用Function机械型Mechanicaltypetheanchorrodisembeddedinthesurroundingrockthroughtheexpansionoftheanchorrodbodyortheanchorheadattheendofthebolt.通过锚杆杆体或杆端锚头的膨胀将锚杆嵌固在围岩中黏结型利用灌浆将锚杆杆体或杆端端部固定在围岩内BondedTheanchorrodbodyortheboltendisfixedinthesurroundingrockbygrouting.支撑、加固、组合梁、悬吊Support.Reinforcement.Compositebeam.Suspension锚杆作用示意图SchematicDiagramofAnchorRod锚杆anchorrod喷锚支护Shotcrete-boltsupport借高压喷射水泥混凝土和打入岩层中的金属锚杆的联合作用加固岩层喷射混凝土层Shotcretelayer锚杆anchorrod+Therockstratumisreinforcedbythecombinedactionofhighpressureshotcreteandmetalanchorrodsdrivenintotherockstratum.隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructureAnchoragesectionFreesection类型Type全长黏结型

Full-lengthbondedanchorrod摩擦型锚杆Frictionanchorrod端头锚固型锚杆End-anchoredanchorrod预应力型锚杆或锚索prestressedanchorrodoranchorcable锚杆作用示意图SchematicDiagramofAnchorRod锚杆anchorrod喷锚支护Shotcrete-boltsupport借高压喷射水泥混凝土和打入岩层中的金属锚杆的联合作用加固岩层喷射混凝土层Shotcretelayer锚杆anchorrod+Therockstratumisreinforcedbythecombinedactionofhighpressureshotcreteandmetalanchorrodsdrivenintotherockstratum.隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructureAnchoragesectionFreesection复合式衬砌Compositelining04常用组合Commoncombination外衬outerlining防水层waterprooflayer内衬innerlining++=防水层材料：软聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚异丁烯片、聚乙烯片等防水卷材、或喷涂乳化沥青等防水剂复合式衬砌Compositelining适合多种地质条件，由两层或两层以上的衬砌组成。目前最常用的是“双层衬砌”，就是由内衬和外衬两层组成。Itissuitableforavarietyofgeologicalconditionsandconsistsoftwoormorelayersoflining.Atpresent,the"double-layerlining"ismostcommonlyused,whichconsistsofinnerliningandouterlining.二次衬砌

Secondarylining防水层

Waterprooflayer钢架

Steelrib钢筋网

Reinforcingmesh喷射混凝土

Shotcrete系统锚杆

Systemanchorrod日本、欧美等国家软弱地层隧道中InsoftstratumtunnelsinJapan,Europe,Americaandothercountries传统衬砌结构型式TraditionalLiningStructure二次衬砌

Secondarylining防水层

Waterprooflayer锁脚锚杆

Feet-lockanchorrod钢筋网

Reinforcingmesh喷射混凝土

Shotcrete

钢架

Steelrib突破了现行国内外设计规范！

Breakthroughthecurrentdomesticandforeigndesigncodes!新的衬砌结构型式NewliningstructuretypeWaterprooflayermaterials：SoftPVCfilm,polyethylenesheetandotherwaterproofrolls,oremulsifiedasphaltandotherwaterproofagents.隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructurePebbledrainageblindditchTunnelfillingWaterproofreinforcedconcreteforsecondarylining50-thickC15fineaggregateconcretecoverSelecteitherSD-1orSD-2forthewaterprooflayerDrainageprotectionboardFilterlayer(geotextile)Liningsupportstructure(shotcrete,thicknessasperdesign)常用组合Commoncombination外衬outerlining防水层waterprooflayer内衬innerlining++=防水层材料：软聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚异丁烯片、聚乙烯片等防水卷材、或喷涂乳化沥青等防水剂复合式衬砌Compositelining适合多种地质条件，由两层或两层以上的衬砌组成。目前最常用的是“双层衬砌”，就是由内衬和外衬两层组成。Itissuitableforavarietyofgeologicalconditionsandconsistsoftwoormorelayersoflining.Atpresent,the"double-layerlining"ismostcommonlyused,whichconsistsofinnerliningandouterlining.二次衬砌

Secondarylining防水层

Waterprooflayer钢架

Steelrib钢筋网

Reinforcingmesh喷射混凝土

Shotcrete系统锚杆

Systemanchorrod日本、欧美等国家软弱地层隧道中InsoftstratumtunnelsinJapan,Europe,Americaandothercountries传统衬砌结构型式TraditionalLiningStructure二次衬砌

Secondarylining防水层

Waterprooflayer锁脚锚杆

Feet-lockanchorrod钢筋网

Reinforcingmesh喷射混凝土

Shotcrete

钢架

Steelrib突破了现行国内外设计规范！

Breakthroughthecurrentdomesticandforeigndesigncodes!新的衬砌结构型式NewliningstructuretypeWaterprooflayermaterials：SoftPVCfilm,polyethylenesheetandotherwaterproofrolls,oremulsifiedasphaltandotherwaterproofagents.隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure复合式村砌最适宜在Ⅱ~Ⅵ级围岩中使用，但遇到下列情况时应慎重对待,必要时应辅以相应的加固措施。

CompositeliningismostsuitableforClassII~VIsurroundingrock.However,thefollowingcasesshouldbetreatedwithcaution:Reinforcementmeasuresshallbetakencorrespondinglywhennecessary.1.拱顶以上覆盖厚度小于隧道直径时2.有明显偏压力时3.在无自稳能力的未胶结沙砾石地层中时4.在大膨胀性、大涌水的地层中时5.在严重的冻害地区中时复合式衬砌Compositelining适合多种地质条件，由两层或两层以上的衬砌组成。目前最常用的是“双层衬砌”，就是由内衬和外衬两层组成。Itissuitableforavarietyofgeologicalconditionsandconsistsoftwoormorelayersoflining.Atpresent,the"double-layerlining"ismostcommonlyused,whichconsistsofinnerliningandouterlining.1.Whenthecoverthicknessabovethevaultislessthanthetunneldiameter2.Whenthereisobviouseccentricalloadonthetunnel3.Whenthetunnelisinanuncementedsandygravelstratumwithoutself-stabilizingability4.orinstratawithhighexpansibilityandheavywaterburst4.orinseverelyfrozenareas隧道洞身支护构造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure

外衬(初期支护)允许大的约束变形，允许出现少量裂缝，吸收变形压力，稳定洞壁，与围岩共同形成支护休系。复合式衬砌的支护机理SupportMechanismofCompositeLining

Theouterlining(primarysupport)allowslargeconstraintdeformation,allowsasmallnum