任务精读：浅埋暗挖法（双语）课件讲解

隧道施工技术浅埋暗挖法TunnelConstructionTechnologyConstructionofOpen-cutTunnel浅埋暗挖法概述OverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod1浅埋暗挖法的优缺点与适用条件

Advantages,DisadvantagesandApplicableConditionsofShallowUndercuttingMethod

2浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod3课程小结Summary4浅埋暗挖法ShallowUndercuttingMethod目录TableofContents浅埋暗挖法概述OverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod01地面条件允许的情况下，隧道宜采用明挖法，主要适合在人、交通和管线较少的地方应用。Ifthegroundconditionspermit,theopen-cutmethodshouldbeadoptedfortunnelconstruction.Themethodismainlyusedinareaswithfewpeopleandpipelines,andsmalltrafficvolume.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法概述ShallowUndercuttingMethodOverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod浅埋暗挖法产生的背景BackgroundoftheInventionoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod

浅埋暗挖法，是指在软弱围岩地层中，以改造地质条件为前提，以控制地表沉降为重点。

Theshallowundercuttingmethodreferstothatintheweaksurroundingrockstrata,onthepremiseofimprovinggeologicalconditions,focusingoncontrollingsurfacesettlement.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法概述ShallowUndercuttingMethodOverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod浅埋暗挖法产生的背景BackgroundoftheInventionoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod因埋深条件、周边环境条件等因素的限制，在建筑物密集的繁华市区和特殊地质区段经常采用浅埋暗挖法施工。Limitedbyburialdepthconditions,surroundingenvironmentalconditionsandotherfactors,theshallowundercuttingmethodisoftenusedinprosperousurbanareaswithdensebuildingsandsectionswithspecialgeologicalconditions.以格栅和锚喷混凝土作为初期支护手段，遵循“新奥法”理论，按照“十八字”方针进行隧道的设计和施工。基本不考虑围岩的自承能力。takinggrille,andanchoringandshotcretingastheprimarysupportmeans,followingtheNATMtheory,andinaccordancewiththeeighteen-characterpolicy,thedesignandconstructionofthetunnelarecarriedout.Theself-bearingcapacityofthesurroundingrockisnotconsidered.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法概述ShallowUndercuttingMethodOverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod浅埋暗挖法在军都山黄土隧道、北京地铁复兴门折返线、复—八线、西单车站采用浅埋暗挖技术取得了巨大的成功。TheshallowundercuttingmethodwasadoptedintheconstructionofJundushanLoessTunnel,FuxingmenTurning-backLineofBeijingMetro,BeijingSubwayLine1andXidanStation,andtremendoussuccesswasachieved.军都山黄土隧道（1988）（第一次用小导管、网构钢架）

JundushanLoessTunnel(1988)Smallpipesandlatticedsteelframeswereusedforthefirsttime北京地铁复兴门折返线（1987）（国家科技进步二等奖）FuxingmenTurning-backLineofBeijingMetro(1987)TheSecondPrizeofNationalScienceandTechnologyProgressAward浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法概述ShallowUndercuttingMethodOverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod

1987年8月，北京市科委与铁道部科技司共同组织鉴定会，对浅埋暗挖技术进行评价，会上确定取名为“浅埋暗挖法”。InAugust1987,theBeijingMunicipalScience&TechnologyCommissionandtheScienceandTechnologyDivisionoftheMinistryofRailwaysjointlyorganizedanappraisalmeeting,toevaluatethiskindoftunnelconstructiontechnology,onthismeeting,itwasofficiallynamedthe“ShallowUndercuttingMethod’’.军都山黄土隧道（1988）（第一次用小导管、网构钢架）

JundushanLoessTunnel(1988)Smallpipesandlatticedsteelframeswereusedforthefirsttime北京地铁复兴门折返线（1987）（国家科技进步二等奖）FuxingmenTurning-backLineofBeijingMetro(1987)TheSecondPrizeofNationalScienceandTechnologyProgressAward浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法概述ShallowUndercuttingMethodOverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod建设部将它命名为国家级工法。MinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaentitledittheNationalConstructionMethod.军都山黄土隧道（1988）（第一次用小导管、网构钢架）

JundushanLoessTunnel(1988)Smallpipesandlatticedsteelframeswereusedforthefirsttime北京地铁复兴门折返线（1987）（国家科技进步二等奖）FuxingmenTurning-backLineofBeijingMetro(1987)TheSecondPrizeofNationalScienceandTechnologyProgressAward浅埋暗挖法的优缺点与适用条件Advantages,DisadvantagesandApplicableConditionsofShallowUndercuttingMethod02施工速度慢，喷射混凝土粉尘多，劳动强度大，机械化程度不高，以及高水位地层结构防水比较困难等。结构形式灵活多变，对地面建筑、道路和地下管线影响不大，拆迁占地少，扰民少，对环境污染较小等。浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法的优缺点与适用条件ShallowUndercuttingMethodAdvantages,DisadvantagesandApplicableConditionsofShallowUndercuttingMethod浅埋暗挖法的优缺点AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofShallowUndercuttingMethod浅埋暗挖的优点AdvantagesoftheShallowUndercuttingMethodFlexibleandchangeablestructures,Littleimpactongroundbuildings,roadsandundergroundpipelines,Lessoccupationoflandfordemolition,Lessdisturbancetoresidents，Lesspollutiononenvironment,etc.浅埋暗挖的缺点DisadvantagesoftheshallowundercuttingmethodSlowconstructionprogress,Muchdustgeneratedbyshotcreting,Highlaborintensity,Lowdegreeofmechanization,anddifficultyencounteredinwaterproofingthestratigraphicstructureofhighwaterlevel.大范围的淤泥质软土、粉细砂地层，降水有困难或经济上选择此工法不合算的地层。首先FirstlyInstratawithlarge-scalemuddysoftsoilandsilty-finesandandstratainareaswherethereislittleprecipitation,orwhenitcostsalottoconstructtunnelsundercertainstratumconditions.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法的优缺点与适用条件ShallowUndercuttingMethodAdvantages,DisadvantagesandApplicableConditionsofShallowUndercuttingMethod浅埋暗挖法的适用条件ApplicableConditionsofShallowUndercuttingMethod不宜采用此法。我国规范对土壤的自立性从定性上提出了要求：其次InadditionChina'sspecificationshaveputforwardqualitativerequirementsfortheself-supportingperformanceofsoil:工作面土体的自立时间，应足以进行必要的初期支护作业。对开挖面前方地层的预加固和预处理，视为浅埋暗挖法的必要前提。thismethodshouldnotbeused.Theself-supportingtimeofthesoilmassontheworkingfaceshallbesufficientforthenecessaryprimarysupportoperations.Thepre-reinforcementandpre-treatmentofthestratuminfrontoftheexcavationfaceareregardedasthenecessaryprerequisiteforadoptingtheshallowundercuttingmethod.浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod03浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod浅埋暗挖法施工步骤

ConstructionStepsofShallowUndercuttingMethod施工准备Constructionpreparation超前小导管布设Layingofadvancedsmallpipes注浆Grouting土方开挖Earthworkexcavation格栅架立Erectionofgrilles钢筋网片、连接筋Reinforcingmeshandconnectingbars喷射混凝土Shotcreting防水施工Waterproofingconstruction二次衬砌Secondarylining浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第一步：施工准备Step1:ConstructionPreparation集合施工人员并做好安全培训Assembleconstructionpersonnelandcarryoutsafetytraining.Personnelpreparation人员准备机械准备根据施工需要配置足够的机械Providesufficientmachinerytosatisfyconstructionneeds.Machinerypreparation材料准备根据施工情况及市场行情，储备合格、足量的施工材料Reservequalifiedandsufficientconstructionmaterialsaccordingtoconstructionconditionsandmarketconditions.Materialpreparation浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第一步：施工准备Step1:ConstructionPreparation工法技术准备根据施工图纸，及时组织工程人员审图，并制定施工方案Organizeengineeringpersonneltoreviewtheconstructiondrawingsintime,andformulatetheMethodStatement.Preparationofconstructionmethodsandtechnologies施工环境准备及时进场做好三通一平，做好周边环境和政府等部门的沟通Enterthesitetimely,providewater,electricityandroadandcarryoutgroundleveling,andcommunicationwithsurroundingenvironmentandgovernmentdepartments,etc.Preparationforconstructionenvironment测量工作准备及时进场测设，保证施工进度Timelyenterthesiteandcarryoutthesetting-outtoensuretheconstructionprogress.Preparationforsurveywork浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod人Personnel机Machinery施工准备Constructionpreparation测Survey环Environment法Methods料Materials浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第二步：超前小导管布设Step2:Layingofadvancedsmallpipes超前小导管布设前要确认钻机、注浆泵等设备齐全且状态良好，钻机就位准确，固定牢固。Beforetheadvancedsmallpipesarelaid,itshallbeconfirmedthatthedrillingrig,groutingpumpandotherequipmentarecompleteandingoodcondition,andthedrillingrigshallbeinthecorrectplaceandfixedfirmly.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第二步：超前小导管布设Step2:Layingofadvancedsmallpipes检查确认安全后，方可进行钻孔作业。Aftercheckingandconfirmingthesafety,theDrillingoperationshallbecarriedout.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第二步：超前小导管布设Step2:Layingofadvancedsmallpipes施工时要严格按照操作规程、人员持证上岗，同时注意施工安全。Theconstructionshallbecarriedoutstrictlyfollowingtheoperatingprocedures,andtheoperatingpersonnelshallworkwithcertificates.Inaddition,attentionshallbepaidtoconstructionsafety.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第三步：注浆Step3:Grouting注浆前要严格检查机具，管路及接头处的牢固程度。Beforegrouting,theconditionofmachinery,toolsandpipelinesandthefirmnessofjointsshallbestrictlychecked.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod开挖尽量采用机械辅助人工开挖，第四步：土方开挖Step4:Earthworkexcavation开挖进尺符合设计及施工规范的要求。Theexcavationshallbecarriedoutmanually,withtheassistanceofmachinery,asfaraspossible,Andtheexcavationfootageshallmeettherequirementsofthedesignandconstructionspecifications.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod格栅架的纵向间距和环向间距要符合设计要求，连接板要密贴，施工人员要正确佩戴安全帽等安全防护用品。第五步：格栅架立Step5:ErectionofgrillesThelongitudinalspacingandcircumferentialspacingofthegrillesupportshallmeetthedesignrequirements,andtheconnectingplateshallbecloselyattached.Constructionpersonnelshallcorrectlywearsafetyprotectionarticlessuchassafetyhelmets.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod施工中要注意钢筋网片的间距检查，以及钢筋的连接是否满足规范要求。第六步：钢筋网片、连接筋Step6:ReinforcingmeshandconnectingbarsDuringconstruction,attentionshallbepaidtotheinspectionofthespacingofreinforcingmesh,andwhethertheconnectionofreinforcementmeetsthespecificationrequirements.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod架立好格栅、钢筋网检查合格后进行喷射混凝土施工，施工时要注意混凝土厚度满足要求。第七步：喷射混凝土Step7:ShotcretingShotcretingshallbecarriedoutafterthegrillesandreinforcingmeshareerectedandinspectedtobequalified.Duringconstruction,attentionshallbepaidtothattheconcretethicknessmeetstherequirements.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod防水板施工时要注意检查防水板的焊接质量、防水板有无漏洞、破损。第八步：防水施工Step8:WaterproofingconstructionDuringtheconstructionofwaterproofboards,attentionshallbepaidtotheinspectionoftheirweldingqualitytoseewhetherthereisanyleakageordamage.如果有，要及时修补。Ifany,itshallberepairedintime.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第九步：二次衬砌Step9:Secondarylining施工时注意钢筋的安装质量、注意混凝土浇筑质量，实行严格的“三检”制度。Theself-inspection,mutualinspectionandspecialinspectionshallbeimplementedstrictly.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod管超前tremieadvancesupport严注浆strictgrouting短开挖shortexcavation强支护frequentmeasurement快封闭quickclosure勤量测strongsupport质量控制十八字方针theeighteen-characterpolicyofqualitycontrol浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod管超前Tremieadvancesupport开挖拱部土体自稳能力差，自立时间短，土体凌空后极易坍塌。Theexcavatedsoilmassofthearchparthaspoorself-stability,andshortself-supportingtime.Thesoilmassispronetocollapsewhenitiswithoutanysupport.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod管超前Tremieadvancesupport采用超前支护的各种手段主要是提高土体的稳定性，控制下沉，防止围岩松弛和坍塌。Theadvancesupportisadoptedtoimprovethestabilityofsoilmassandcontrolthesettlement,andpreventthesurroundingrocksfromrelaxingandcollapsing.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod严注浆Strictgrouting导管超前支护后，立即进行压注水泥浆或其它化学浆液，填充围岩空隙。Afterthetremieadvancesupport,thepressureinjectionofcementslurryorotherchemicalslurriesshallbecarriedoutimmediatelytofillthevoidsinthesurroundingrock.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod严注浆Strictgrouting使隧道周围形成一个具有一定强度的壳体，以增强围岩的自稳能力，确保开挖过程中的安全。Ashellwithcertainstrengthisformedaroundthetunnel,enhancingtheself-stabilityofthesurroundingrocktoensuresafetyduringexcavation.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod短进尺Shortexcavation一次注浆，一次开挖或多次开挖，土体暴露时间越长，进尺越大，土体坍塌的危险就越大，所以一定要严格限制进尺的长度。Intheprocessofone-timegrouting,one-timeexcavationorrepeatedexcavations,thelongerthesoilisexposed,thegreaterthefootage,andthegreatertheriskofsoilcollapse.Therefore,thelengthofthefootagemustbestrictlycontrolled.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod短进尺Shortexcavation在施工中可采用预留核心土，目的除减少开挖时间外，预留的土体还可以平衡掌子面的土体，防止滑塌。Themethodofreservingcoresoilcanbeusedinconstruction.Bydoingsuch,inadditiontoreducingtheexcavationtime,thereservedsoilmasscanbeusedtobalancethesoilmassofthetunnelfacetopreventcollapse.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod强支护Strongsupport在松散地层中施工，大量土体的重力会直接作用于初期支护结构上。Whentheconstructioniscarriedoutinloosestrata,thegravityofalargeamountofsoilwilldirectlyactontheprimarysupportstructure.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod强支护Strongsupport初期支护必须十分牢固，具有较大的刚度，以控制初期结构的变形，保证结构的稳定。Therefore,theprimarysupportmustbefirmenough,withrelativelystrongrigidity,soastocontrolthedeformationoftheprimarystructureandensurethestabilityofthestructure.浅埋暗挖法浅埋暗挖法施工工艺ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod快封闭Quickclosure在台阶法施工中，如上台阶未封闭成环，变形速度较快。Intheco