英语修辞格简介

PAGEPAGE4FiguresofSpeechinEnglish英语修辞格简介1.Simile明喻Asimileisafigureofspeechinwhichtwoquitedifferentthingsarecomparedbecausetheyappeartobesimilaratleastonecharacteristic.--Myheartislikeasingingbird.—–––Rosetti:ABirthday--Awordandstoneletgocannotberecalled.—–––Proverb--Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.—–––Wordsworth:TheDaffodils--Therubyshallberedderthanaredrose,andthesapphireshallbeasblueasthegreatsea.--Hehadnomoreideaofmoneythanacow.--Adoctormusthavetheheartofalionandthehandofalady.--Loveandcoughcannotbehid.—–––Proverb2.Metaphor暗喻，隐喻Metaphorisafigureofspeechinwhichonethingisdescribedintermsofanother.Inametaphor,acomparisonisusuallyimplicit;whereasinasimileitisexplicit.--Becauseofhiswealth,hewasafountainofgenerositytohisrelativesandfriends.--Somebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.--Inforeignpolicy,flyingsolocanberiskybusiness.--Hewassuchamarvelousteacherthatwheneverherecognizedasparkofgenius,youshouldbesurehewouldwaterit.3.Analogy类推；比喻Analogyisafigureofspeechwhichdrawsaparallelbetweentwodifferenttypesofthings,andusesone(usuallyfamiliartothereader)toexplaintheother(usuallyunfamiliartothereader).Thefunctionofananalogyistodeepenthereader’sunderstandingofthewriter’spoint.Forinstance,wecanusePostOfficetoexplainEmail,whereanalogyisadopted(PostOfficeEmail).Andintheessay“Cyberspace:IfYouDon’tLoveIt,LeaveIt”,theauthordrawaparallelbetweenRealEstateandCyberspace,whilein“TheCaseAgainstMan”,theauthorusesHumanBodyasacomparisontoexplaintherelationshipbetweendifferentlifeformsontheplanet.4.Metonymy借代Metonymyisafigureinwhichthenameofonethingisusedtostandforanotherthing.Thetwothingsinvolvedinametonymyarenotofthesamekindbutarecloselyrelated.--HaveyoueverreadShakespeare?--Thewholecitywentouttoseethevictoriousgeneral.--MoscowandWashingtonwillholdtalksonthisquestion.--Shewas,tobesure,agirlwhoexcitedtheemotion,butIwasnottoletmyheartrulemyhead.--Thekettleisboiling.--Pleasedrinkacuportwo.5.Antithesis反对；对语，对照Antithesismeanscontrastingideassharpenedbytheuseofoppositeornoticeablydifferentmeanings.Itcanresultinlinguisticbrevityandrhythmicharmony.--Americanimperialismisthestrongestinhistoryandalsotheweakestinhistory.Theskyscraperishighestbutthefoundationisshakiest.—–––Anna.L.Strong--AnymanorstatewhofightonagainstNazidomwillhaveouraid.AnymanorstatewhomarcheswithHitlerisourfoe.—–––WinstonChurchill--Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes.Itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness.—–––CharlesDickens--Andso,myfellowAmericans,asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.—–––J.Kennedy—–––OscarWilde,TheDevotedFriend11.Parallelis