2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit1FoodforthoughtSectionⅡUsinglanguage学案外研版必修第二册

SectionⅡUsinglanguage1.functionn．作用；(事物的)功能v．起作用❶Comparedtothetradition,theyhavethreenewuniquefunctions.与传统的相比，他们有三个新的独特功能。❷Wehaveasparebedroomthatalsofunctionsasastudy.我们有一个额外的卧房也可以充当书房。[归纳探究]thefunctionoftheheart心脏的功能perform/fulfilafunction发挥功能；履行职责functionas起……作用[图形助记]Halfoftheroomfunctionsasthestudy.这个房间的一半充当书房。[即学即练]完成句子①Despitethepowercuts,thehospitalcontinuedto______________________(正常运行).②Inyournewjobyouwill____________________________(履行很多不同的职责).2.dietn．日常饮食v．节食❶Goodhealthisconnectedwithahealthydiet.良好的健康状况与健康的饮食有关。❶Haveyoubeenonadiet？You'velostalotofweight.你在节食吗？你已经瘦了好多了。[归纳探究]ahealthy/balanced/poordiet健康的/均衡的/糟糕的饮食beonadiet在节食(表示状态)goonadiet起先节食(表示动作)haveabalanceddiet具有平衡的饮食[联想拓展]与“饮食和体重”相关的词和短语：overeatv．吃得过多，暴食loseweight减轻体重gain/putonweight增加体重keepfit保持健康stayhealthy保持健康slimv.减肥；变苗条adj.苗条的[即学即练]完成句子①Tokeepfit,weshouldhave________________________(均衡的饮食)andtakeexerciseeveryday.②Idecidedto____________________________(节食)beforemyholiday.③Iwon'thaveanyicecream.I________________________(正在节食).3.addictn．对……着迷的人vt.使……上瘾❶TheyoungguyisaddictedtosurfingtheInternet.这个年轻人沉迷于上网。❷Onceyougetaddictedtodrugs,youwillhavedifficultyingettingridofthem.一旦你对毒品上瘾，就会很难戒掉。[归纳探究]aTVaddict电视迷adrugaddict吸毒成瘾的人be/become/getaddictedto对……上瘾；沉迷于……(to是介词)[联想拓展]addictedadj.上瘾的；对……着迷的addictiveadj.使人上瘾的；使人入迷的addictionn.瘾；入迷，嗜好如：addictivedrugs令人上瘾的毒品，addictivebehaviour成瘾的行为[即学即练]单句语法填空①Whatheisworriedaboutisthathissonhasbeenaddictedto________(play)computergames.②Tobaccoishighly________(addict)becauseitcontainsnicotine.③Smokingisaharmfulhabitandmakespeople________(addict)oncetheystartdoingit.4.customn．风俗，习惯，传统❶Youshouldadaptyourselftolocalcustomswhenyougotoanewcountry.当你到一个新的国家，你应当使自己适应于当地的风俗习惯。❷InJapanitisthecustomtotakeoffyourshoeswhenyouenterahouse.在日本，进门脱鞋是一种风俗习惯。[归纳探究]alocalcustom当地的风俗习惯thecustomofdoingsth.做某事的习俗itisthecustom(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事是习惯[易错提示]custom的复数形式customs还可以表示“海关”：acustomsofficer海关官员。[即学即练]选词填空custom/habit①ThecelebrationoftheSpringFestivalinChinaisa__________．②Hehasformedabad____________ofsmokingsinceanearlyage.③Thereisanice____________inthearea.That'stosay,peoplehaveformedthe________ofgettingtogetherforcelebratingharvest.5.trickn．诀窍，技巧，技法；恶作剧vt.欺瞒❶Thetrickistopicktheanimalupbythebackofitsneck.窍门是捉住这种动物颈部后面把它拿起来。❷ChildrenliketoplaytricksoneachotheronAprilFool'sDay.在愚人节那天，孩子们喜爱彼此戏弄。[归纳探究]playatrick/tricksonsb.戏弄某人tricksb.intodoingsth.欺瞒某人做某事tricksb.outofsth.从某人处骗走某物[联想拓展]表示“戏弄”的词或短语：teasev．取笑；戏弄laughat讪笑makefunof取笑makeafoolof愚弄makeajokeofsth.以某事为笑柄[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theyoungmanclaimedhewastrickedinto____________(carry)drugs.②Theoldwoman____________(trick)outofherlifesavings.③I'mafraidtheotherkidswilllaugh____________mebecauseIdon'tunderstand.6.handlen．柄，把手vt.处理(＝dealwith)❶Sheturnedthehandleandslowlyopenedthedoor.她转动把手，缓缓开了门。❷Totellthetruth,Idon'tknowifIcanhandlethejobwell.说实在的，我不知道我是否可以处理好这个工作。[归纳探究]thehandleofaknife刀柄turnthehandle转动把手handle...well/properly/successfully很好地/妥当地/胜利地处理……handleaproblem处理问题[熟词生义]handledifficultcustomers应付苛刻的顾客handlestress调整压力[即学即练]单句语法填空①Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineer____________(handle)theproblem.②Wehavetheconfidenceandtheability____________(handle)thisimportantmatterwell.③Mostcustomersweresatisfiedwiththewaytheircomplaints____________(handle).7.differv．不同，不一样，有区分；(看法)有分歧❶Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatlyinsizeandshape.在各种各样的树上都能发觉树叶，但是他们在大小和形态方面各不相同。❷Ihavetodifferwithyouonthat.对于那一点，我不得不和你持不同看法。[归纳探究]differin在……方面不同differfrom与……不同bedifferentfrom与……不同bedifferentin在……方面不同[联想拓展]differ的名词形式为difference(差异)，表示详细不同之处时是可数名词，表示抽象概念时是不行数名词。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thetwostudentsdiffer________oneanother________theirabilitytohandlestress.②Medicalopinion____________(differ)astohowtotreatthedisease.③There'sabig____________(differ)betweenknowingthatsomethingistrue,andbeingabletoproveit.8.attackv．侵袭，侵蚀；攻击；攻击；抨击n．损害，损害；攻击；攻击；抨击；(疾病的)发作❶Theydidn'tunderstandwhytheygotattacked.他们不明白他们为什么受到攻击。❷Mostdogswillnotattackpeopleiftheyareleftalone.大多数狗假如让它们单独待着不会攻击人。❸Hehasbeenattackedwithdiseasesfortenyears.10年来他始终病魔缠身。❹Howwilltheyreactwhentheattackersgetattacked?攻击者受到了攻击，他们会如何反应？❺Theattackwassosuddenthattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.攻击如此突然，敌人来不及逃跑。❻Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.当动物受到攻击时，它会逃跑或还击。❼Mrs.Greenhadaheartattack.Butluckily,thedoctorcameintimetosaveherlife.格林太太心脏病发作了。但幸运的是，医生刚好来救了她的命。[归纳探究](1)attacktheenemy攻击敌人be/getattacked受到攻击；被攻击attackthefootballteam抨击该足球队attacksb.withsth.用某物攻击某人attacksb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而抨击某人(2)makeanattackon发起对……的攻击/抨击underattack受到攻击be/comeunderattack受到攻击/抨击have/sufferaheartattack心脏病发作[一言助记]Ifyouareunderattack,willyoumakeanattackonthosewhoattackyou?假如你受到攻击，你会向攻击你的人发起攻击吗？[即学即练]单句语法填空①Evenplantscanrunafever,especiallywhenthey're________attackbyinsectsordiseases.②Theschoolhascome________attackforfailingtoencouragebrightpupils.③Hisspeechiswidelyseenasanattack________theeducationsystem.④Thegeneralcommandedthatthesoldiersshouldmakeanattack________theenemy.⑤Travellingtoforestscanalsobedangerousaspeoplehavetofacetheriskof________(attack)byanimals.9.recommendv．举荐，建议❶Wouldyourecommendmeagooddictionary?＝Wouldyourecommendagooddictionarytome?你能给我举荐一本好词典吗？❷Herecommendedreadingthebookbeforeseeingthemovie.他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。❸Irecommendyou(should)gobysubway.我建议你坐地铁去。❹It'sstronglyrecommendedthattheancienttraditions(should)bekeptup.剧烈建议保持古老的传统。❺Doyouthinkagoodfaceisaletterofrecommendation?你认为美丽的面孔就是介绍信吗？[归纳探究]recommendsth.tosb.向某人举荐某物recommendsb.for...举荐某人做(某职位)recommendsb.as...举荐某人作为……recommenddoingsth.建议做某事recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.建议某人做某事It's(strongly)recommendedthat...(should)do...(剧烈)建议……recommendationn.举荐[要点必记]在recommend(建议)后的从句中要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。有类似用法的还有advise,order,suggest(建议)等。[即学即练]单句语法填空①OfthetwotripstotheYangtzeRiverandMountTai,botharehighly________(recommend).②MyEnglishteacherrecommended________(see)Englishfilms,whichwouldbeofgreathelptomystudies.③Irecommendyou________(think)verycarefullybeforeyoudoanythingfoolish.④Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthemachine________(check)everyyear.⑤Irecommendedthegirl________theshopkeeperasashopassistant.⑥Thankyouforrecommendingme________thepositionofamanager.10.(教材P6)Allyouhavetodoisselectthephotosofhealthyfood.你所要做的就是选择健康食物的照片。[句式解构]不定式作表语，前有do后可省略to主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。不定式作表语/betodo...表将来结构❶Theonlythingforyoutodonowis(to)apologise.你现在唯一要做的事就是致歉。(不定式作表语，此时主语和表语可互换位置，句意不变)❷Youaretoberewarded.你应当被嘉奖。(betodo...结构表示将来)[即学即练]单句语法填空①WhenIwaslittle,myfavouritethingtodowas________(play)ontheswings.②Theyare________(marry)nextweek.熟登记列重要单词及短语①withinprep.在……里②tipn.指引，建议③workout设法弄懂④havetheabilitytodo有实力做某事⑤tablemanners餐桌礼仪⑥benoexception……也不例外⑦incase以防万一⑧WheninRome,doastheRomansdo入乡随俗⑨add...to...把……加到……上⑩incredibleadj.难以置信的→incrediblyadv.极端地，特别地情态动词(1)一、语法现象感知①NeitherhenorIwasabletounderstandher.②IamsoafraidthatIdarenotmove.③Ihavetofinishmyworktonight.④Youhadbettercomparethiswordwiththatone.⑤Youneedn'tfinishthatworktoday.二、语法规则理解1．由句①可知，beableto“能够”表示“________”，可用于各种时态。2．由句②可知，dare表示“敢；敢于”，用作情态动词时，一般只用于________或疑问句中。3．由句③可知，haveto“不得不”可看作情态动词，其意义和________很相像，但强调客观须要。4．由句④可知，hadbetter“最好……”表示一种____________。5．由句⑤可知，need“须要”作情态动词时，常用于________________或疑问句中。微点拨情态动词具有下列特点：①具有助动词的作用，可以用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简洁回答；②后接动词原形；③一般无人称和数的改变，但有些半情态动词例外，如：haveto；④有确定的词义，但并不完整，必需与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词(1)1．beableto的用法(1)beableto意为“能够”，表示实力，后跟动词原形，todo一般用主动式，不用被动式。❶Hewasabletospeakfivelanguages.他能讲5种语言。(2)beableto还可表示“胜利地做了某事”，can无此义。❷Ifinishedmyworkearly,soIwasabletogototheconcertthisafternoon.我早就把工作做完了，所以今日下午我可以去参与音乐会。(3)beableto可有现在时、过去时、将来时，而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。❸Ishallbeabletocometomorrow.我明天能来。❹Shesaidshehadnotbeenabletocomeearlier.她说她没有能够来得更早一些。2．dare的用法(1)dare用作情态动词一般用于否定句或疑问句，后跟动词原形，其否定式干脆在dare后加not；构成疑问句时把dare提前。❶Shedarenotdoit.她不敢做那件事。❷Dareyoudoit？你敢做那件事吗？(2)dare作为情态动词也可用于条件状语从句中。❸Iwon'tallowyoutoswimacrosstheriver,evenifyoudaredoit.Thecurrentistooswift.即使你敢游过河我也不允许。水流太急了。(3)Idaresay...我认为……；我敢说……❹Howdareyoudo...？你怎敢……？❺Idaresaymyunclewillgetthemoney.我认为我叔叔将得到这笔钱。❻HowdareyousayI'munfair？你怎敢说我不公允？3．haveto的用法(1)haveto表示“必需，不得不”，强调客观须要。否定形式为don'thaveto，表示“不必”。❶Youhavetoworkhardnowadaystomakealiving.如今，为了生活，你就得努力工作。(2)must也表示“必需”，但着重表示说话人的主观看法。❷YoumustdowhatItellyou.你必需根据我告知你的去做。(3)must表示“必需”只有现在时形式，而haveto能用于更多时态(将来时和过去时)。❸Wehadtobethereatten.我们得在十点钟到达那里。❹Ishallhavetogotothedentistsoonaboutmybadtooth.我得快一点到牙科医生那里去看蛀牙。4．hadbetter的用法hadbetterdo...最好做……(有时可省去had)，表示一种建议或愿望。其否定式是hadbetternotdo...；构成反义疑问句时，当陈述部分为确定形式时，疑问部分用“hadn't＋sb./sth.”。❶Youhadbetterstayinbedifyouareill.你要是病了最好躺在床上。❷Bettersayyes,iftheyaskyou.假如他们问你，你最好说“是”。❸You'dbetternotbotherhimbecauseheisangrywithyou.你最好不要去打搅他，因为他正在生你的气。❹He'dbettergotoseeadoctoratonce,hadn'the？他最好立刻去看医生，不是吗？5．need的用法need用作情态动词时表示“须要”或“必需”，其用法如下：(1)只能用在疑问句和否定句中。❶Needheworksohard？他须要这么用功吗？❷Youneedn'tworryaboutit.你不必为此担忧。(2)在确定句中，它被must或haveto所取代。❸—NeedIcome?—Yes,youmust.——我须要来吗？——须要。❹Youneedn'tseehim,butImust.你不必去看他，但我必需去。(3)“need＋动词原形”通常表示现在和将来，从上下文可以看出是指过去时间时，也可以表示过去。❺Sheneednotcome.她不必来。(现在或将来)❻Weweretoldthatweneedn'tdothat.我们被告知不必做那件事。微点拨need和dare除了可作情态动词外，还可用作实义动词，具备实义动词的用法，后跟动词不定式（dare后的不定式符号to可以省去），可用于各种句式中，构成否定句或疑问句时须要借助助动词do。need作实义动词常用于下列句式：,sb.needtodosth.某人须要做某事（主语与do是主动关系）；sth./sb.needdoing/tobedone某事/某人须要被……（主语与do为被动关系）Heneedstowinthisgametostayinthematch.为了不被淘汰出局，他得赢下这场竞赛。Doyouneedanyhelp？你须要帮忙吗？Mybikeneedsmending/tobemended.我的自行车须要修理了。Hedidn'tdare（to）saywhathethought.他不敢说出他的想法。Don'tyoudare（to）talktomelikethat！你怎么敢跟我那样讲话！[即时检测1]单句语法填空①Youhadbetternot________(talk)withstrangers.②—NeedIfinishthatworktoday?—Yes,you________．③Doyouneed________(get)readyforyourspeech?④Theyhadbetternotgotheretogether,________they?⑤Shehastoworkhardforherfamily,________she?[即时检测2]完成句子①你比我更有实力做这件事。You__________________________thanIam.②假如我们要赶9：30的火车，就得快点。We__________________________ifwearegoingtocatchthe9：30train.③国王脾气极坏，以致没有人敢告知他这个坏消息。Thekingwassohot­temperedthatnoone__________________________．④我们没有必要站在这里被雨淋。We______________________intherain.⑤吸烟通常被看成是一种坏习惯，你最好把它戒了。Smokingisusuallyreferredtoasabadhabit.You________________．Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Ihavedownloadedadietapplication,whichhasmany________(作用).2．Ifyouareasugar________(对……着迷的人)andaren'tabletosaynotochocolateorcola,youhadbetterdownloaditnow!3．Accordingtolocalcustoms,itisnotgood________(礼仪)toeattoofast.4．Ifyoutakeabigbite,thefruitwilltasteslightly________(有苦味的).5．Iamnotabletohandlethisdifficultproblem.Couldyou________(举荐)sometipstome?6．Thesugarinsoftdrinksformsacidand________(侵蚀)ourteethforabout20minutes.7．Canyoutellmethe________(诀窍)ofkeepingalongmarriage?8．Mostdoctorsthinkpeople'shealthisclosely________(相关的)totheirdiet.9．TherearemanyEastertraditionsand________(风俗，习惯).ThemosttypicalfoodisEastereggs.TherabbitisalsoasymbolofEaster.10．Shareyourtipswithfriendsor________(下载)themtoyourcomputer.Ⅱ.短语填空functionas,berelatedto,onabalanceddiet,beaddictedto,incase,playatrickon,incaseof,differfrom...in...,comeunderattack,withinreach1．Inmyopinion,thebestwaytostayhealthyistakingproperphysicalexerciseplusliving________________．2．AtypicalPDAcan________________amobilephone,faxsender,andpersonalorganizer.3．Beforemarriage,thisyoungman______________computergames.4．Shesufferedalot.Herillness________________thissortofpoison.5．Accordingtoarecentstudy,allourhopesanddreamsare________________onlyifwebelieveinourselves.6．Youshouldlearnsocialmannersinadvance________________yougetinanembarrassingsituation.7．Theoldmanneedstotakepillswithhimwhenhetravels________________aheartattack.8．Thechildren________________himbyputtingaplateofstinkytofuinhisbakery.9．Theword“super”________“supper”________meaning,spellingandpronunciation,whichmayconfuseus.10．Thelocalgovernmenthas________________becauseitcannotperformitsduefunctions.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．DuringWorldWarⅡ，manyundergroundstationsinLondonfunctioned________bombshelters.2．Nosugar,butterorcheeseforme,please.Iamgoingon________dietnow.3．Smokingisaharmfulcustomandmakesone________(addict)oncehestarts.4．Toaddmoreyogurttoyoureverydaydiet,herearesomeuseful________(tip).5．Hertipswillremindyouofgoodtable________(manner)—don'ttalkwithyourmouthfull.6．Themeatballiscookedthrough,whichlookedslightlypinkinside.________(incredible)softandjuicy—itmeltsinthemouth!7．MaybeI'llfallinlove________stinkytofusomeday.8．Ioftenendup________(save)partofmymealforthenextday.9．Shestronglyrecommendedthatwehaveteaand________(catch)uponeachother'sdays.10．Whatdoestheauthormean________saying“oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison”？Ⅳ.单句语法填空(填入恰当的情态动词)1．Ilikeeatinghotpot,andIthoughtit________beeasytocook.2．Itwasreallyannoying;I________getaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.3．It'sstrangethathe________havetakenthecheesecakeswithouttheowner'spermission.