四川省成都市2023-2024学年高一英语上学期12月月考试题含解析

Page252023-2024学年度高一(上)12月阶段考试英语注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。5.考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodrink?A.Tea.B.Juice.C.Beer.2.Whatwillthemandotoday?A.Gohiking.B.Dohiswork.C.Phoneaclub.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Atarestaurant.C.Inaschool.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.European’sbreakfast.B.European’stablemanners.C.European’sfavoritevegetables.5.Whydoesthewomanrefusetoeatthecake?A.Shehaseatenalot.B.Sheisonadiet.C.Shedislikesit.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段长对话，回答小题。6.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthefootballmatchyesterday?A.Wonderful.B.Unsatisfactory.C.Justso-so.7.WhydidMarymissthefootballmatch?A.Shewatchedthetennismatchinstead.B.Shewasinterruptedbythevisitors.C.Shewentswimminginthegym.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。8.Wheredidthewomangrowup?A.Inalargecity.B.Inasmalltown.C.Inavillage.9.Whatencouragedtheteenagerstoworkonthefarm?A.Thehighpay.B.Thedeliciousfood.C.Thebeautifulenvironment.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。10.WhenwillCathyattendabirthdayparty?A.OnFridayevening.B.OnSaturdayafternoon.C.OnSundayafternoon.11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Colleagues.C.Teacherandstudent.12.WhatisCathygoingtodoonSundayevening?A.Doherhomework.B.Practicethepiano.C.Gotothecinema.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。13.WhatisJackdisappointedataboutthefilm?A.Thestory.Theacting.Thespecialeffects.14.Whosavesthecaptainatlast?A.Theshipofficer.B.Theshipdoctor.C.Apassenger.15.WhatdoweknowaboutJack?A.Heisgoodattakingphotos.B.Hefeltangrywiththeneighbors.C.Hefellasleepduringthemovie.16.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome.B.Atahotel.C.Atatheater.听下面一段独白，回答小题。17.WhydidMr.Bagginsgetintouchwiththeshop?A.Tohaveabikerepaired.B.Tochangeabike.C.Tobuyabike.18.Whatcoloristhebike?A.Red.B.Silver.C.Black.19.WhichshopshouldMr.Bagginsgoto?A.TheoneatNo.33NorthStreet.B.TheoneatNo.87NorthStreet.C.Theonenexttothesupermarket.20.HowcanMr.Bagginsgetacopyofthebill?A.Visittheshop.B.Emailtheshop.C.Calltheshop.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheBritishMuseumWelcometotheBritishMuseumtoexperienceculturesacrosstheglobe,fromtheoriginofhumanhistorytothepresent.Theentrycanbegainedforfreeifappliedonourwebsite.◆Opentoday:10:00-20:30◆Lastentry:19:30PlanyourvisitBookticketsandplanyourdayincludingexhibitions,facilities,access,foodandtravel.BookyourfreetickettoguaranteeMuseumentryandreceivekeyinformationandupdatesbeforeyourvisit.GalleriesPleasenotethatgalleriesintheMuseummaybeclosedformaintainingcleanorprivateevents.AllplannedclosureswillbelistedontheVisitpage.Occasionallywemayneedtoclosegalleriesatshortnoticeforsafetyreasons.Weregretthatinthesecaseswe’renotalwaysabletoinformthepublicinadvance.FamilyvisitsFamilieswithchildrenofallagescanenjoyarangeoffreegalleryactivities.◆TakeonaMuseumMissionYoucanwanderthroughselectedgalleriesandcompletefivechallenges.Findavarietyofobjectswithinthegallery,performforavideousingaphoneortablet,discussanobject,lookcloselyatcollectionhighlights,andposeforaphotoshootalongsidetheobjects.◆EmbarkonaMuseumExplorerTrail(路径)Involvingthewholefamily,eachtraildivesintointerestingobjects.TrailsincludeJourneyAcrossJapan,AfricaAroundtheWorld,AncientGreece,AncientEgypt,FantasticCreaturesandmore.◆ExplorewithaThemedBackpackThisuniqueexperienceallowsvisitorsunder16toexplorethemuseuminafunway.JobsinRomanBritain,bestforages7-11,seeskidsmatchmodernobjectswithancientobjects;SensorySupportBackpackprovidesresourcesandideastosupportyoungvisitorsaged3–11withadditionalsensoryneedsinabusymuseumenvironment;LittleFeet,abackpackforkidsunder5foruseinanyareaofthemuseumisalsoworthtrying.1.Howcouldthevisitorsgetentrytothemuseum?A.Byinformingthestaffinadvance. B.ByapplyingontheInternet.C.Bysendingemailstoapplyforentry. D.Bybuyingticketsatthedoor.2.Whyarethegalleriesclosedatshortnotice?A.Forkeepingclean. B.Forpersonalactivities.C.Forsecurityissues. D.Forcontrollingvisiting.3.WhatcanvisitorsdoinJobsinRomanBritain?A.Havingsomediscussions. B.Takingphotosofobjects.C.Doingtheobjectmatching. D.Wanderingaroundgalleries.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了参观大英博物馆的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theentrycanbegainedforfreeifappliedonourwebsite.(如果在我们的网站上申请，可以免费获得进入权)”可知，游客可以通过在网上申请获得博物馆的入场券，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Galleries部分“Occasionallywemayneedtoclosegalleriesatshortnoticeforsafetyreasons.(有时出于安全原因，我们可能需要在短时间内关闭画廊)”可知，画廊会出于安全原因短时间关闭，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“JobsinRomanBritain,bestforages7-11,seeskidsmatchmodernobjectswithancientobjects(JobsinRomanBritain最适合7-11岁的孩子，孩子们会把现代物品和古代物品搭配起来)”可知，游客可以在JobsinRomanBritain做物品配对活动，故选C。BIstillrememberthatbusyautumneveningasIhurriedwithmyeldestdaughter,Athena,togettoherclassroomontimefortheparent-teachernight.Wewalkedinandalleyeswereonme.Afewadultsquicklyquietedtheirkids’whispers.Aclassmateyelledtomydaughter,“What’swrongwithyourmom’sface?”Shocked,Istartedtoexplainmycondition,butmysix-year-olddaughterlookedathimandsaid,“It’smymom’sbirthmark!Don’tberude!”Iwasextremelyproudofhowshehandledthatsituation.IwasquiteyoungwhenIrealizedIlookeddifferentbecauseofmylargefacialbirthmark.IalwaysthoughtIwouldbealonebecauseofit.BeingcomparedtoBatman’sevilTwo-FacemademebelieveIcouldneverfindlove.ButIwasluckyenoughtomeetmyhusband,whosawmeforwhoIaminside.WhenIhadmyfirstdaughter,Iwasoverjoyed,butIbegantoworryiftheworldwouldjudgemychildren.IalwaysworriedImightpassmyconditionontomychildren;Ididn’twantthemtogrowupfeelingjudged.Unfortunately,myfacialdifferencehasimpactedmychildren.Mydaughtersgetdisinvitedfrombirthdaypartiesorsleepovers,orIlearncertainkidsarenolongerfriendswithmineaftertheirparentssawmeatschool.Whenmykidswereyoung,Iexplainedhowmyspecialpurpleskinwasrareandwetalkedaboutacceptanceandneverjudgingothersonhowtheylook.Whenmygirlskissmypurple-skinnedcheek,Ifeel“normal”aroundthemandtheirunconditionallove.Withtimegoingby,bothmydaughtershavebecomemystrongestsupporters.Thankstothem,I’vebeguntofeelmoreself-confidentasItrytobeagoodrolemodel.Theirworldviewsaresimilartomine.Weseetheworldalittledifferentlyandwithakinder,moreacceptingheart.Asthesayinggoes,yourdaughterswillgrowuptobeyourbestfriends.Iknowthatwillbethecaseforme!4.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwenttoattendtheparent-teachernight?A.Athenawaspraisedbyothersforherbraveryandoptimism.B.Athenadefendedhermotheragainstherclassmate’srudeness.C.Someparentscriticizedtheirkidsbecauseoftheirmisbehaviour.D.Theauthorfeltshockedatherdaughter’sresponsetoherclassmate.5.Accordingtoparagraph2whichofthefollowingviewsmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Friendshipneedstobewateredbylove.B.Weshouldtreatourchildrenasbestfriends.C.Weshouldacceptotherpeople’sdifferences.D.Ourabilitytohandledifficultiescanbedeveloped.6.Howarethedaughtersinfluencedbytheauthor’sbirthmark?A.Theyhavetodropoutofschool.B.Theyhavethesamephysicalconditionasme.C.Theyhavedifficultymaintainingfriendships.D.Theyfeelworriedbecausetheyareoftenjudged.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Abirthmarktolivewith. B.Mystrongestsupporters.C.Akindandacceptingheart. D.Theconfidencetobedifferent.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者因为面部特殊的紫色斑点出现的困惑和自卑，但孩子们的爱和支持让作者变得更加自信，并且强调了接受和不评判别人外表的重要性。同时，文章也提到了孩子们在成长过程中会遭遇到的不公和歧视。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Aclassmateyelledtomydaughter,“What’swrongwithyourmom’sface?”Shocked,Istartedtoexplainmycondition,butmysix-year-olddaughterlookedathimandsaid,“It’smymom’sbirthmark!Don’tberude!”Iwasextremelyproudofhowshehandledthatsituation.(一个同学对我女儿喊道：“你妈妈的脸怎么了？”我很震惊，开始向他解释我的情况，但我六岁的女儿看着他说：“这是我妈妈的胎记！别那么粗鲁！”我为她处理这种情况的方式感到非常自豪。)”可知，因为作者脸上胎记，被其女儿的同学嘲讽，但是作者的女儿为其辩护，反对她同学的粗鲁。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“IwasquiteyoungwhenIrealizedIlookeddifferentbecauseofmylargefacialbirthmark.IalwaysthoughtIwouldbealonebecauseofit.BeingcomparedtoBatman’sevilTwo-FacemademebelieveIcouldneverfindlove.ButIwasluckyenoughtomeetmyhusband,whosawmeforwhoIaminside.(在我很小的时候，我就意识到因为脸上的大胎记，我看起来和别人不一样。我一直以为我会因此而孤独。被比作蝙蝠侠邪恶的双面人，让我相信我永远找不到真爱。但我很幸运地遇到了我的丈夫，他看到了真正的我。)”可知，作者小时候以为自己跟别人不一样，因此会觉得孤独，并相信永远不会找到真爱，但是作者长大后很幸运的是遇到了自己的丈夫，其接受了作者的不同，发现的是作者的内在。作者可能同意的观点是：我们应该接受别人的不同。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unfortunately,myfacialdifferencehasimpactedmychildren.Mydaughtersgetdisinvitedfrombirthdaypartiesorsleepovers,orIlearncertainkidsarenolongerfriendswithmineaftertheirparentssawmeatschool.(不幸的是，我的面部差异影响了我的孩子。我的女儿们被取消了参加生日派对或过夜聚会的邀请，或者我知道某些孩子在他们的父母在学校看到我后就不再和我的孩子做朋友了。)”可知，作者的女儿受到作者的胎记的影响是：在与其他孩子维持友谊方面遇到了困难。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一段作者提到自己的女儿帮助自己回击那些嘲笑自己脸上胎记的坏声音，且根据最后一段“Theirworldviewsaresimilartomine.Weseetheworldalittledifferentlyandwithakinder,moreacceptingheart.Asthesayinggoes,yourdaughterswillgrowuptobeyourbestfriends.Iknowthatwillbethecaseforme!(他们的世界观和我的相似。我们用一颗更善良、更包容的心来看待这个世界。俗话说，你的女儿长大后会成为你最好的朋友。我知道我也会这样!)”以及通读全文可知，这篇文章主要讲述了作者因为面部特殊的紫色斑点出现的困惑和自卑，但孩子们的爱和支持让作者变得更加自信，并且强调了接受和不评判别人外表的重要性，并且随着女儿们长大，她们将会是作者最好的朋友。文章表达了女儿们对她的支持。B项“Mystrongestsupporters.”（我最坚定的支持者。）该项符合文意。故选B。CThereexistcruelwars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,soit’snotonlynecessary,butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumourjusttohelpusgothroughdifficulttimesinourlives.Puttingasmileonsomeone’sfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdepressed,asthesayinggoes,makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithwife,husband,child,co-worker,neighbor,closefriend,orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?Iamalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdon’tknowthepersonI’mjokingaroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumourineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestjobanyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoisacommonmannertospeaktoothersthatarearoundyou.Iknowofafewpeoplethatdon’thaveafunnyboneintheirbodies,astheysay.Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirfaces.Theydon’tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.Iambustingagutwhiletheyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromouterspace.Howcanpeoplenotgetareallyfunnyjoke?Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumour,wewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessandalittlelightinourlives.Therefore,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.8.Accordingtothepassage,whyishumournecessaryandessential?A.Itcanliftpeople’sspirits.B.Itcanhelppeoplegetonwellwithothers.C.Itcanhelpgetridofthecrueltyintheworld.D.Itmakespeoplemoreconfident.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“bustingagut”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Keepingsilent. B.Speakingloud. C.Laughinghard. D.Explainingcarefully.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepresentworld?A.Critical. B.Satisfied. C.Indifferent. D.NotMentioned.11.Inwritingthepassage,whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtodo?A.Totalkabouthisownunderstandingofhumour.B.Toencouragepeopletobehumorousindailylife.C.Toconvincepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimistic.D.Tointroduceapracticalwaytogetthroughdailylife.【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为拥有良好的幽默感是必不可少的，它能帮助我们度过生活中的困难时期。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Puttingasmileonsomeone’sfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdepressed,asthesayinggoes,makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.(俗话说，当你知道某人感到沮丧时，面带微笑，会让我感觉良好，温暖我的心)”可知，幽默是必不可少的是因为它能振奋人的精神。故选A。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Theydon’tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.(他们听不懂让别人发笑的笑话)”和本段倒数第二句“whiletheyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromouterspace(当他们就坐在那里，看着我仿佛我来自外太空)”可知，此处是指“我”大笑不已，所以bustingagut意为“大笑不已”。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thereexistcruelwars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,soit’snotonlynecessary,butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgothroughdifficulttimesinourlives.(当今世界存在着残酷的战争、战斗和悲伤，所以拥有良好的幽默感不仅是必要的，而且也是必不可少的，它能帮助我们度过生活中的困难时期。)”和倒数第二段“Thereistoomuchsadnessandalittlelightinourlives.(我们的生活中有太多的悲伤和一点点的光明。)”可知，作者对当今世界的态度是批判的。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thereexistcruelwars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,soit’snotonlynecessary,butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgothroughdifficulttimesinourlives.(当今世界存在着残酷的战争、战斗和悲伤，所以拥有良好的幽默感不仅是必要的，而且也是必不可少的，它能帮助我们度过生活中的困难时期。)”和最后一段“Therefore,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.(因此，我相信我们最好的药是聚在一起，讲一些笑话，一起笑得很开心。)”可知，文章的目的是鼓励人们在日常生活中保持幽默。故选B。DIsittruethatourbrainaloneisresponsibleforhumancognition(认知)?Whataboutourbody?Isitpossibleforthoughtandbehaviourtooriginatefromsomewhereotherthanourbrain?PsychologistswhostudyEmbodiedCognition(EC)asksimilarquestions.TheECtheorysuggestsourbodyisalsoresponsibleforthinkingorproblem-solving.Moreprecisely,themindshapesthebodyandthebodyshapesthemindinequalmeasure.Ifyouthinkaboutitforamoment,itmakestotalsense.Whenyousmellsomethinggoodorhearamusingsounds,certainemotionsareawakened.Thinkabouthownewbornsusetheirsensestounderstandtheworldaroundthem.Theydon’thaveemotionssomuchasneeds–theydon’tfeelsad,they’rejusthungryandneedfood.Evenunbornbabiescanfeeltheirmothers’heartbeats,andthishasacalmingeffect.Intherealworld,theycrywhenthey’recoldandthengethugged.Thatway,theystarttoassociatebeingwarmwithbeingloved.Furtherstudieshavebackedupthemind-bodyinteraction.Inoneexperiment,testsubjectswereaskedtojudgepeopleafterbeinghandedahotoracolddrink.Theyallmadewarmevaluationswhentheirfingertipsperceivedwarmthratherthancoolness.Anditworkstheotherwaytoo.Inanotherstudy,subjects’fingertiptemperaturesweremeasuredafterbeing“included”inor“rejected”fromagrouptask.Thosewhowereincludedfeltphysicallywarmer.Forfurtherproof,wecanlookatthemetaphors(比喻)thatweusewithouteventhinking.Akindandsympatheticpersonisfrequentlyreferredtoasonewithasoftheartandsomeonewhoisverystrongandcalmindifficultsituationsisoftendescribedassolidasarock.Andthiskindofmetaphoricaluseiscommonacrosslanguages.Nowthatyouhavetheknowledgeofmind-bodyinteraction,whynotuseit?Ifyou’rehavingabadday,awarmcupofteawillgiveyouaflashofpleasure.Ifyouknowyou’rephysicallycold,warmupbeforemakinganyinterpersonaldecisions.12.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthesignificanceofEC?A.Itbringsusclosertothetruthinhumancognition.B.Itoffersaclearerpictureoftheshapeofhumanbrain.C.Itrevealsthemajorroleofthemindinhumancognition.D.Itfacilitatesourunderstandingoftheoriginofpsychology.13.Wheredoesthenewborns’understandingoftheirsurroundingsstartfrom?A.Theirpersonallooks. B.Theirmentalneeds.C.Theirinneremotions. D.Theirphysicalfeelings.14.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoprovebycitingthemetaphorsinParagraph4?A.Humanspeechisalivewithmetaphors.B.Humansenseshaveeffectsonthinking.C.Humanlanguageisshapedbyvisualimages.D.Humanemotionsareoftencomparedtonaturalmaterials.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A.Todeepenthereaders’understandingofEC.B.ToencouragethereadertoputECintopractice.C.Toguidethereaderontothepathtocareersuccess.D.Tosharewiththereaderwaystoreleasetheiremotions.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了心理学家的一项EC理论表明，我们不是只有大脑负责人类的认知，我们的身体也负责思考或者解决问题。更准确的说思想塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思想。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“TheECtheorysuggestsourbodyisalsoresponsibleforthinkingorproblem-solving.Moreprecisely,themindshapesthebodyandthebodyshapesthemindinequalmeasure.(EC理论表明，我们的身体也负责思考或解决问题。更准确地说，思维塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思维。)”可知，EC理论让我们更接近人类认知的真相。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Intherealworld，theycrywhenthey’recoldandthengethugged.Thatway,theystarttoassociatebeingwarmwithbeingloved.(在现实世界中，他们冷了就哭，然后被拥抱。这样，他们开始将温暖与被爱联系起来)”可推知，新生儿对周围环境的理解依靠的是身体感觉。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Forfurtherproof,wecanlookatthemetaphors(比喻)thatweusewithouteventhinking.(为了进一步证明，我们可以看看我们不假思索就使用比喻)”和倒数第三段“Furtherstudieshavebackedupthemind-bodyinteraction.(更多的研究支持了身心互动)”可知，两个自然段都是为了证明上文第一段EC的观点“TheECtheorysuggestsourbodyisalsoresponsibleforthinkingorproblem-solving.Moreprecisely,themindshapesthebodyandthebodyshapesthemindinequalmeasure.(EC理论表明，我们的身体也负责思考或解决问题。更准确地说，思维塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思维)”。所以，作者想要印证的是人类的感官对思维有影响。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nowthatyouhavetheknowledgeofmind-bodyinteraction,whynotuseit?(既然您已经掌握了身心互动的知识，为什么不使用它呢?)”可知，最后一段作者鼓励读者把EC理论运用于现实生活中。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’sacommonpracticetotakeoffyourshoeswhen_youenteryourhome.Manydothistopreventdirtandbacteria(细菌)fromgettinginside._____16_____Technically,yes.Asyouwalkaroundoutside,yourshoespickupbacteria,virusesanddirt.A2017studyshowedthatmorethan26percentofthesoles(底)ofshoesworninhomescontainedClostridiumdifficile,orC.diff,acommonhealthcare-associatedinfectionthatcanbedeadly.Butifthatworriesyou,getthis--theaveragepersonhasmorethan100trillionbacteriainandontheirbody.____17____Andifyourpetsgooutside,they’rebringingindirtystuffontheirpawsandfur.Thankfully,mostofthebacteriaonyourbodyandinyourhomeareharmless.Samewiththestuffyoutrackinonyourshoes.___18___Takethemoffifyou’vegotlittlekidscrawlingaroundonthefloors,whomaythenputtheirfingersintheirmouths.Disinfectifsomeoneinyourhomeissensitivetoinfection.Andsincepollen(花粉)canbetransferredfromshoestofloors,andespeciallycarpets,kickoffyourshoesifsomeoneathomehasallergies.Ifyou’rereallydeterminedtocutdownondirt,keepyourslippersonratherthangoingbarefoot.Eachofyourfeethasabout125,000sweatglands(汗腺)onthesole,andanysweatonyourfeetcanbetransferredtocarpets._____19_____Intheend,thechoiceofwhetherornottogoshoelessisyours.____20____Butwhetheryourshoesareonoroff,youmaywanttocleanyourhomeassoonaspossible.A.Butisthatreallyanissue?B.Wetcarpets,inturn,trapdirt.C.Wetcarpetsmakeahomeforbacteria.D.Yourhomeiscoveredinbacteria,too.E.Despitethis,otherpeoplethinkthisisunnecessary.F.Somepeoplejustlikethefeelofwalkingaroundinbarefeet.G.Still,therearesomecaseswhereitmaymakesensetoremoveyourshoes.【答案】16.A17.D18.G19.B20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了进门脱鞋是一种常见的做法，旨在防止灰尘和细菌进入室内。然而，人们对于是否应该脱鞋存在不同的看法。作者认为最终决定是否脱鞋是个人的选择。【16题详解】根据下文“Technically,yes.(从技术上来说，是的。)”可推测，空处为一般疑问句。选项A“Butisthatreallyanissue?(但这真的是个问题吗？)”是个疑问句，同时内容上与下文一致，指的是脱掉鞋子真的是个问题吗，而下文则认为是个问题，鞋子会沾上细菌等。故选A。【17题详解】根据空前“Butifthatworriesyou,getthis--theaveragepersonhasmorethan100trillionbacteriainandontheirbody.(但如果这让你担心，看看这个——平均每个人体内和体表都有超过100万亿个细菌。)”可知，每个人身上都有很多细菌。选项D“Yourhomeiscoveredinbacteria,too.(你的家里也布满了细菌。)”是上文内容上的自然延续，指的是不仅你的身上，你的家里也都是细菌。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文内容“Takethemoffifyou’vegotlittlekidscrawlingaroundonthefloors,whomaythenputtheirfingersintheirmouths.Disinfectifsomeoneinyourhomeissensitivetoinfection.Andsincepollen(花粉)canbetransferredfromshoestofloors,andespeciallycarpets,kickoffyourshoesifsomeoneathomehasallergies.(如果你有小孩在地板上爬来爬去，那就把它们脱掉，因为他们可能会把手指放进嘴里。如果你家里有人对感染敏感，就要消毒。由于花粉可以从鞋子传播到地板上，尤其是地毯上，如果家里有人对花粉过敏，就把鞋子脱掉。)”可知，下文主要讲述的是脱鞋是有必要的。选项G“Still,therearesomecaseswhereitmaymakesensetoremoveyourshoes.(尽管如此，在某些情况下，脱鞋是有意义的。)”与下文内容一致，指的是在下文这些情况中，脱鞋是有必要的。故选G。【19题详解】根据空前内容“Ifyou’rereallydeterminedtocutdownondirt,keepyourslippersonratherthangoingbarefoot.Eachofyourfeethasabout125,000sweatglands(汗腺)onthesole,andanysweatonyourfeetcanbetransferredtocarpets.(如果你真的下定决心要减少污垢，那就穿上拖鞋，而不是光脚走路。你的每只脚的鞋底上大约有125,000个汗腺，你脚上的任何汗液都可以转移到地毯上。)”可知，如果想减少污垢，那么在家我们应该穿上拖鞋，因为如果光脚走路，脚上的汗液就会转移到地毯上。选项B“Wetcarpets,inturn,trapdirt.(潮湿的地毯反过来又会积聚灰尘。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是脚上的汗液就会转移到地毯上，而地毯湿了又会积聚灰尘。故选B。【20题详解】根据空前内容“Intheend,thechoiceofwhetherornottogoshoelessisyours.(最后，是否穿鞋是你自己的选择。)”可知，作者认为是否在室内穿鞋是个人的选择。选项F“Somepeoplejustlikethefeelofwalkingaroundinbarefeet.(有些人就是喜欢光着脚走路的感觉。)”延续上文内容，指的是是否穿鞋是个人的选择，有些人就是喜欢光脚。故选F。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WangGuilan,a72-year-oldChinesewoman,hasbeenknownas“SuperGrannie”forher____21____ofrunning.Mostpeoplechooseto____22____aftertheyretirefromwork,butWangGuilanisnotoneofthem.Shestarted____23____attheageof50,butsoonrealizeditwasherpassionanddevelopedcloserelationshipswithotherrunners.In2021,shesetanewrecordbybecomingthe____24____persontoevercompletea168-kilometermarathon.Andsofar,shehascompletedover100marathons.WangGuilan’simpressiveachievementshaveattractedattentionfromrunnersofallages.Arunnerinhistwentiesexpressedhis____25____,saying,“Thisladyisasoldasmygrandmother,howcansherunsofast?”Afterrunningthe110kmversionofthemarathonwithher____26____in2020,Wangwaitedforthemto____27____forabout5-6hourssothattheycould____28____thefinishinglinetogether.Therefore,thisyear,shetookpartinthemarathon____29____andchosethelongestdistance.Sohowdoesa70-year-oldstayinsuchagood____30____thatshecanachievewhatmostpeoplehalfheragecan’t?AccordingtoSina,one____31____isthatWangGuilanrunsatleast20kilometerseveryday.Inaddition,shefollowsa____32____dietandsleepsforatleast8hourseverydaytoensurethatherbodyiswell-restedandenergized.WangGuilan’spassionforrunninghasalsoinspiredmanypeopleinChina.Shehasbeeninvitedtogive____33____atvariouseventsandhasevenbeenfeaturedinadocumentaryaboutherlife.Hermessagetoeveryoneis____34____butpowerful:“Ageisjustanumber.Aslongasyouhavethedeterminationandthewillpoweryoucanachieveanythingyou____35____yourmindto.”21.A.cost B.idea C.love D.skill22.A.relax B.travel C.learn D.exercise23.A.living B.running C.working D.winning24.A.oldest B.happiest C.slowest D.healthiest25.A.pride B.doubt C.surprise D.worry26.A.friends B.doctors C.admirers D.neighbors27.A.dressup B.speedup C.finishup D.catchup28.A.cut B.cross C.draw D.form29.A.once B.alone C.indeed D.altogether30.A.mood B.condition C.place D.shape31.A.proof B.source C.reason D.solution32A.strict B.popular C.traditional D.delicious33.A.help B.examples C.speeches D.performances34.A.mixed B.bitter C.hidden D.simple35.A.set B.lose C.give D.open【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.B30.B31.C32.A33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了72岁的王桂兰因热爱跑步而被称为“超级奶奶”，到目前为止，她已经完成了100多次马拉松比赛。王桂兰令人印象深刻的成绩吸引了各个年龄段跑步者的关注。她想传达给每个人的信息虽然简单但却很有力：“年龄只是一个数字。只要你有决心和意志力，你就能实现任何你下定决心要做的事。”【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：72岁的王桂兰因热爱跑步而被称为“超级奶奶”。A.cost花费；B.idea想法；C.love爱；D.skill技能。根据后文“completea168-kilometermarathon”可知，她热爱跑步。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人退休后选择“放松”，但王桂兰不是其中之一。A.relax放松；B.travel旅行；C.learn学习；D.exercise锻炼。根据后文“aftertheyretirefromwork”指退休后选择放松。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在50岁时开始跑步，但很快就意识到这是她的激情所在，并与其他跑步者建立了密切的关系。A.living居住；B.running奔跑；C.working工作；D.winning赢得。根据后文“developedcloserelationshipswithotherrunners.”可知，指她在50岁时开始跑步，故选B。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2021年，她创造了一项新纪录，成为完成168公里马拉松比赛的最年长的人。A.oldest最老的；B.happiest最快乐的；C.slowest最慢的；D.healthiest最健康的。根据上文“a72-year-oldChinesewoman”提到了她已经72岁了，所以是最年长的人。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位20多岁的跑步者惊讶地说：“这位女士和我奶奶一样老，怎么能跑得这么快？”A.pride骄傲；B.doubt怀疑；C.surprise惊喜；D.worry担心的。根据后文“Thisladyisasoldasmygrandmother,howcansherunsofast?”可知，这位跑步者很惊讶。故选C。26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2020年，她和朋友们跑完110公里的马拉松后，王等了他们5-6个小时才赶上，这样他们就能一起冲过终点线。A.friends朋友；B.doctors医生；C.admirers爱慕者；D.neighbors邻居。呼应上文“developedcloserelationshipswithotherrunners.”指她和朋友们跑完110公里的马拉松。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：2020年，她和朋友们跑完110公里的马拉松后，王等了他们5-6个小时才赶上，这样他们就能一起冲过终点线。A.dressup打扮；B.speedup加速；C.finishup完成；D.catchup赶上。根据后文“about5-6hourssothattheycould”指王等待朋友赶上自己，好一起冲过终点线。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年，她和朋友们跑完110公里的马拉松后，王等了他们5-6个小时才赶上，这样他们就能一起冲过终点线。A.cut切割；B.cross穿过；C.draw绘画；D.form形成。根据后文“thefinishingline”指冲过终点线，应用cross。故选B。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，今年，她独自参加了马拉松比赛，并选择了最长的距离。A.once一旦；B.alone独自；C.indeed确实；D.altogether一起。上文提到了她等待队友花了很长时间，所以今年她一个参加比赛。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，一个70岁的老人是如何保持良好的状态，实现大多数年龄只有她一半的人做不到的事情的呢？A.mood情绪；B.condition条件；C.place地方；D.shape形状。根据上文“Andsofar,shehascompletedover100marathons.(到目前为止，她已经完成了100多次马拉松比赛)”可知，她状态很好。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据新浪报道，其中一个原因是王桂兰每天至少跑20公里。A.proof证据；B.source来源；C.reason理由，原因；D.solution解决方案。根据后