新概念英语第四册Lesson+6+The+sporting+spirit+讲义

Lesson6Thesportingspirit体育的精神Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.听录音，然后回答以下问题.Howdoesthewriterdescribesportattheinternationallevel?IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwill1betweenthenations,andthatifonlythecommonpeoplesofthewouldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclination2tomeetonthebattlefield.Evenifonedidn'tknowfromconcreteexamples(the1936OlympicGames,forinstance)thatinternationalsportingcontestsleadtoorgiesofhatred3,onecoulddeduceiffromgeneralprinciples.Nearlyallthesportspractisednowadaysarecompetitive.Youplaytowin,andthegamehaslittlemeaningunlessyoudoyourutmosttowin.Onthevillagegreen,whereyoupickupsidesandnofeelingoflocalpatriotism4isinvolved,itispossibletoplaysimplyforthefunandexercise:butassoonasathequestionofprestigearises,assoonasyoufeelthatyouandsomelargerunitwillbedisgracedifyoulose,themostsavage5combative6instinctsarearoused.Anyonewhohasplayedeveninaschoolfootballmatchknowsthis.Attheinternationallevel,sportisfrankly7mimic8warfare9.Butthesignificantthingisnotthebehaviouroftheplayersbuttheattitudeofthespectators:and,behindthespectators,ofthenationswhoworkthemselvesintofuriesovertheseabsurdcontests,andseriouslybelieve--atanyrateforshortperiods--thatrunning,jumpingandkickingaballaretestsofnationalvirtue10.GEORGEORWELLThesportingspiritNewwordsandexpressiongoodwilln.友好cricketn.板球inclinationn.意愿contestn.比赛orgyn.无节制的，放荡deducev.推断competitiveadj.竞争性的patriotismn.地方观念，爱国主义disgracev.使丢脸savageadj.野性的combativeadj.好斗的mimicwarfare模拟战争behaviourn.行动，举止absurdadj.荒唐的参考译文当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，我总是惊愕不已。一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。在乡间的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会激发起来。即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有种体会。在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众身后各个国家的态度。面对着这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信--至少在短期内如此--跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。Newwordsandexpressions生词短语goodwilln.友好cricketn.板球inclinationn.意愿contestn.比赛competitivea.竞争性的pickup随意挑选siden.队patriotismn.地方观念爱国主义involvevt.卷入atanyrate无论……,至少…….prestigen.声誉disgracevt.使丢脸savagen.野性的combativea.好斗的franklyad.坦率地mimica.与….极相似word….into…..引起……注意Notesonthevocabularies词语注释goodwill=friendshipn.友好goodwillgames:友好运动会goodwillvisit:友好访问payagoodwillvisittoofficialvisit:官方正式访问statevisit:国事访问cricketn.板球asmerryasacricket(蟋蟀)形容心情高兴，快乐无比Inclinev.beinclinedtodosth表示强烈的意愿Iaminclinedtotaketowillingshowinclinationtofollowone'sinclination随心所欲Contestn.比赛近义词：competitiongamematchtournamentracecontest:agroupofjudgesbeautycontest选美比赛competition:socially抽象使用Socialcompetitionisfierce.Dogeatdog.人吃人。形容竞争激烈。game:physically,mentallymatch:quiteimportantChinawonthe2002WorldCupmatch.tournament:淘汰赛，巡回赛。race:以速度见长cycleracing11自行车比赛carracing赛车orgyn.恣意，放荡revelryin狂欢Irevelryinmysuccess.onaspreecompetitivecombative-贬义词同aggressivecompetitive-褒义词／中性词competitor-竞争者competewithsb.forsth.pickup随意挑选side队Patriotismn.地方观众，爱国主义patriot:爱国者patriotic:爱国的Involvevt.卷入involveoneselfinscandalbeinvolvedinPrestigen.声誉prestigious12a.享有声誉的Qinghuauniversityisveryprestigious.近义词：famerenown(renowned著名的)reputationeminence13Disgracevt.使丢脸grace,graceful-gracelessdisgraceful丢脸Youressayisverygraceful.fame-defamehonor-dishonorStigmaa(污点)vt.stigmatizeRobberystigmatizes14him.Savagen.野性的inhuman15残忍无比nonhuman（非人类的）beastlycombativea.好斗的franklyad.坦率地Franklyspeaking(Tobefrank)坦白的说candid16坦白的straightly直率的mimica.与……相似mimic-只用作定语similar-可作定语和表语Ourideasaresimilar.Wehavesimilarideas.alike-只作表语Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所见略同。behaviour行动举止Behaveoneself.规矩点儿。Attituden.态度Spectatorn.观众audience听众visualspectacle:壮丽景色；眼镜viewer电视观众work…into…引起…注意…into后接表示感情的词Furyn.狂热furiousa.—强于anger,annoyance,aggravationrage---suddenly&quicklyAbsurda.荒唐的近义词illogicalirrational17senselessridiculousr开头的形容词的反义词前面加irl开头的形容词的反义词前面加ilatanyrate无论，至少＝atleastNotesonthetext课文注释amazed:surprised,astound,astonished前两个词都可以用作表语和主谓宾结构，后两个词只有表语结构。Thenewssurprisedme.Iwassurprisedbythenews.Iamastonishedtohearthenews.Youshouldnotsay”Thenewsastonishedme”.hear(watch,notice,see)sb.do/doingifonly:1.表虚拟，当“真好”讲,后面无任何主从句。IfonlyIhadapairofwings.我要有双翅膀就好了。IfonlyIcouldflytothemoon.2.作为条件句＝aslongas，后面须有主句。deduce:推导thebackgroundofthe1936Olympicgames:二战时在德国柏林举行，希特勒举办的目的为了宣传他的nationalsupremacy(民主优越性)。然而，事与愿违，本届奥运会出现了一位独领风骚的田径大王－美国黑人运动员，杰西?欧文斯，他共获得4枚金牌，让希特勒disgrace(颜面尽失)，后人评论“the1936Olympingamesisamistake”,而且称为politicaltragedy,影射希特勒的种族歧视，导致极端的仇恨，引发二战。green:绿地aroused:被激发起来frankly:真正的mimicwarfare:模拟战争battlefield-fighttowin,commander,doyourutmost,blood,loselife,machinegunssportfield—playtowin,coach,doyourbest,sweat,loselife,handlegfootfuryover对…愤怒virtue:quality点击收听单词发音

1goodwill

n.善意，亲善，信誉，声誉参考例句：Hisheartisfullofgoodwilltoallmen.他心里对所有人都充满着爱心。Wepaid￡10,000fortheshop,and￡2000foritsgoodwill.我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店，两千英镑买下了它的信誉。2inclination

n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好参考例句：Shegreeteduswithaslightinclinationofthehead.她微微点头向我们致意。Ididnotfeeltheslightestinclinationtohurry.我没有丝毫着急的意思。3hatred

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨参考例句：Helookedatmewithhatredinhiseyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。Theoldmanwasseizedwithburninghatredforthefascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。4patriotism

n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义参考例句：Hisnewbookisademonstrationofhispatriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。Theyobtainedmoneyunderthefalsepretensesofpatriotism.他们以虚伪的爱国主义为借口获得金钱。5savage

adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人参考例句：Thepoormanreceivedasavagebeatingfromthethugs.那可怜的人遭到暴徒的痛打。Hehasasavagetemper.他脾气粗暴。6combative

adj.好战的；好斗的参考例句：Mr.Obamahasrecentlyadoptedamorecombativetone.奥巴马总统近来采取了一种更有战斗性的语调。Shebelievesthatwomenareatleastascombativeasare.她相信女性至少和男性一样好斗。7frankly

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说参考例句：Tospeakfrankly,Idon'tliketheideaatall.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。Franklyspeaking,I'mnotopposedtoreform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。8mimic

v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人参考例句：Aparrotcanmimicaperson'svoice.鹦鹉能学人的声音。Heusedtomimicspeechpeculiaritiesofanother.他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。9warfare

n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突参考例句：Headdressedtheaudienceonthesubjectofatomicwarfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。Theirstruggleconsistsmainlyinpeasantguerrillawarfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。10virtue

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力参考例句：Hewasconsideredtobeaparagonofvirtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。Youneedtodecorateyourmindwithvirtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。11racing

n.竞赛，赛马；adj.竞赛用的，赛马用的参考例句：Iwaswatchingtheracingontelevisionlastnight.昨晚我在电视上看赛马。Thetworacingdriversfencedforachancetogainthelead.两个赛车手伺机竞相领先。12prestigious

adj.有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的参考例句：Theyoungmangraduatedfromaprestigiousuniversity.这个年轻人毕业于一所名牌大学。Youmayevenjoinaprestigiousmagazineasacontributingeditor.甚至可能会加入一个知名杂志做编