新高三上学期开学第一测英语试卷（新高考版）03（考试版）

2022届新高三上学期开学第一测英语试卷（新高考版）03（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1.本试卷共7页，全卷满分150分，回答时间为120分钟；2.答卷前，务必将答题卡上密封线内的各项目填写清楚；3.本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大部分组成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写，涂写要工整、清晰；4.考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhoisMr.White?A.Asalesman. B.Aprofessor. C.Arepairman.2.Wheredoesthewomanwork?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inahotel. C.Inadepartmentstore.3.Whattimedoesthemanthinktheywillleave?A.At7:15. B.At7:25. C.At7:35.4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedidn’tliketheworksomuchbecauseitkepthimworkinglonghours.B.Hedidn’tliketheworkbecauseitwasn’tinteresting.C.Helikedtheworkverymuch.5.Whatwasthemarkthewomangotinherexam?A.90. B.95. C.98.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6~7小题。6.Whatdoyouthinkaboutthebread?A.It’ssoft. B.It’snotfresh. C.It’sdelicious.7.Whatdoesthemanthinkthewomanshoulddo?A.Sheshouldthrowitaway. B.Sheshouldeatit. C.Sheshouldtakeitbacktothesupermarket.听第7段材料，回答第8~9小题。8.Whycan’tthegirlgotothemovies?A.Shehastoreviewherlessons.B.Shehasseenthemoviebefore.C.Shedoesn’twanttogowiththeboy.9.Whatdoestheboythinkaboutthegirl?A.Sheneverstudieshard. B.Shestudiesverywell. C.Shewon’tpasstheexam.听第8段材料，回答第10~12小题。10.Whomdoesthemanwanttotalkwith?A.Mr.White. B.Jim. C.DrSmith.11.WhereisDrSmith?A.Heisinhisoffice. B.Nobodyknows. C.Heisathome.12.WhichnumberisCORRECT?A.77231059. B.77231058. C.772069.听第9段材料，回答第13~16小题。13.Whatdoesthedoctordofirst?A.Givethepatientsomemedicine.B.Takethepatient’stemperature.C.Letthepatientgohome.14.Howlonghasitbeenbotheringthepatient?A.Foralongtime. B.Abouttwodays. C.Morethanoneweek.15.Whatisthetroublewiththepatient?A.Hehasafever,feelsthirsty,andcan’tsleepwell.B.Hehasafeverandabadcough,andcan’tsleepwell.C.Hehasafeverandatoothacheandcan’tsleepwell.16.Whatshouldthepatientdo?A.Stayinbedanddrinkplentyofwater.B.Takethemedicineandstoptoeatwhenshefeelsgood.C.Takethemedicineandgotothedoctor’sinthreedays.听第10段材料，回答第17~20小题。17.Whatisthespeakerinchargeof?A.Asmallsupermarket. B.Alargesupermarket. C.Asmallbranchofalargesupermarket.18.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Thepreventionofshoplifting.B.Thecausesofshoplifting. C.Thepurposeofshoplifting.19.Whoformthegreatpartofshoplifters?A.Peopleintheirearlythirties.B.Peopleintheirtwenties. C.Teenagers.20.WhichmeasureisNOTtakentopreventshoplifting?A.Puttingchainsoralarmsongoods.B.Hiringstoredetectives.C.Usingclosedcircuittelevision.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ANorthAmericanTrainRoutesforaFamilyVacationTheAdirondackConsideredoneofthetoptenscenictrainridesintheworld,theAdirondacktrainroutetravelsfromNewYorkCity'sPennStationtoMontreal,Canada.ThetripisgreatforaweekendawayineitherMontrealorManhattan.TheroutewilltakeyoupastWestPointAcademy,theHudsonRiverValleyandfiftymilesofTheVermonterThetripfromWashington,D．C．toSt.Albans,Vermont,takesyoufromtheU.S.capital,throughthebeautifulNewEnglandstatesofConnecticutandMassachusettsonthewaytoVermont.AsyoutravelthroughNewEnglandtowns,you'llbeabletoseesomeofthemostbeautifulsceneryinthisarea,includingrivers,fallsandcoveredbridges.TheDowneasterTheDowneasterwasestablishedin2001andwasexpandedseveralyearsagonorthwardtoFreeportandBrunswick,Maine.Theshortride(betweenthreeandfourhours)includesatripalongthebeautifulMainecoastline.Withfiveroundtripsofferedeachday,thisrouteisagreatwayforMassachusettsfamiliestovisitThePennsylvanianBothNewYorkCityandPittsburgharegreatfamilyvacationdestinationsandthePennsylvanianroutetakesyouthroughthebeautifulPennsylvanianlandscapebetweenthetwomajorcities.The9.5halfhourtriptravelsthroughavarietyofdifferentterrains(地形),andstopsalongthewayincludingNewark,Philadelphia,HarrisburgandAltoona.TheconnectingtrainserviceisavailableforthoselookingtotraveltoCleveland,Chicago,andToledofromPittsburgh.．WhereisSt.Albans?A．InVermont. B．InWashington,D．C．C．NearLakeChamplain D．InMain22．Whichtrainrouteoffersthebestchoiceforaonedayfamilysightseeing?A．TheAdirondack. B．TheVermonter.C．TheDowneaster. D．ThePennsylvanian.23．HowcanyougotoChicago?A．BytakingatrainatPennStationtoMontreal.B．BytakingaconnectingtrainatPittsburgh.C．BytravelingtoClevelandandthentoChicago.D．BytravelingthroughNewEnglandstatestoChicago.BBeforemyfamilymovedtoanewhomeinEldridge,my6yearoldsonHaydenhadsharedaroomwithhissister.Nowhissisterexcitedlyhadherownroom.Buttheboyrefusedtosleepalone.“Badguyswillattack(攻击)meatnight.I’mafraidofthem,”saidtheboy.I’dtriedeverythingtogethimsleepinhisownroom,butnothingwashelping.Haydensaidhecouldn’tstoptheterriblethoughts.Heaskedmetocallthepolicetohelphim.Atfirst,Iwasafraidthatthepoliceofficerswouldpaynoattentiontous.But,afterItookHaydentotheEldridgePoliceDepartment,hemadefriendswithOfficerSchwartzatonce.IntheEldridgePoliceDepartment,HaydentalkedwithOfficerSchwartz.Then,OfficerSchwartzcameovertoourhome.Hefullyinspectedmyson’sbedroomtomakehimbelievethattherewerenobadguysinhisroom.Schwartzsaidtomyson,“Iexperiencedsuchthoughtsbeforebedtime,too.ButIalwaysmadethemgoawaybythinkingabouthappierthingsinstead.”Haydensleptaloneinhisroomforthefirsttimethatnight.ButSchwartz’sbadguyfightingskillsdidnotstop.Thenextday,OfficerSchwartzreturnedtoourhomeforafollowupandtosendHaydenofftohisfirstdayofschool.IammorethanthankfulthatOfficerSchwartztooktimeoutofhisbusydaytotalkwithHayden.Iknowhewillrememberthekindnesshehasshownhimforever.24．WhydidHaydenrefusetosleepalone?A．Hedidnotlikehisnewroom. B．Hemetsomebadguysduringtheday.C．Hefearedtobetakenawaybypolice. D．Hebelievedtherewerebadguysinhisroom.25．WhatdidtheauthorworryaboutbeforegoingtotheEldridgePoliceDepartmentwithherson?A．Hersonwouldnotgetbetter. B．Theofficerswouldnothelpthem.C．Theofficerswouldlaughatherson. D．Hersoncouldn’tmakefriendswiththeofficers.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inspected”inParagraph3mean?A．Cleaned. B．Visited. C．Checked. D．Painted.27．WhatisOfficerSchwartzlike?A．Kindandcaring. B．Braveandcurious.C．Seriousandcareful. D．Smartandhonest.CRaccoonsaresmallerrelativesofbears.TheyarenativetoNorthAmerica,buttheycanalsobefoundinAsiaandEurope.Raccoonsliveinwoodedareasclosetowater,buttheycanbeoftenfoundnearurbanareas.Thereareabout7differentspeciesofraccoons.Pygmyraccoonistheonlyendangeredspecies.Raccoonsusuallyreach40to70cminlengthandweighbetween5­26kg.Raccoonsthatliveincolderclimatesarelargerandheavier.Theyhavegrayishfur,blackmasksaroundeyesandlongtailscoveredwithblackandbrownbands.Becauseoftheirtails,theyarealsocalled"ringtail".Raccoonsareomnivores.Theyliketoeatinsects,eggs,smallmammals,fruit,berries,garbage,andsoon.Raccoon'shandslooklikehuman's.Theyeachhavefivefingersandareusedtocollectfood,openshells,doorortrashcans.Raccoonsoftenplacefoodinwaterbeforetheystarttoeatit.Theyhavehighlysensitivesenseoftouchandwaterincreasestheirsensitivityevenmore.Bytouchingthefood,theygetbetterinsightaboutthingstheywilleat.Theyareeasilyadaptabletovariousenvironments.Theycanliveinhollow(中空的)treesequallyhappilyliketheycaninuselesscars.Raccoonsliveontheirownandhuntatnight.Theydon'thibernate(冬眠),buttheyspendthecoldestdaysofwintersintheirholes.Mating(交配)seasontakesplacefromJanuarytomidMarch.Twomonthslater,femalewillgivebirthto3­4babies.Theirtailsdon'thavebands,andthemaskaroundeyesisstillmissing.Motherisveryprotectiveandshewillteachthemhowtosurviveandwhattoeatastheybee­readytoleavethehole.Raccoonsusuallycanliveonly1.8to3.1yearsinthewild,buttheycanliveupto20yearsatazoo.Raccoonscanpassrabies,akindofdisease,tohome­raisedanimalsandpeople,whichisverydangerous.What'smore,theirwasteoftenhasroundworms.28．Whatdowelearnaboutraccoons?A．Theylovelivingnearwater. B．Theyareatriskofdyingout.C．Theylovegettingclosetohumans. D．Theyonlyliveinareasfarfromurbanareas.29．Whatdoestheauthormostprobablymeanbysaying"Raccoonsareomnivores"?A．Theydon'thibernate. B．Theyareverylargeanimals.C．Theyaresensitivetofoods'tastes. D．Theyfeedonmanydifferenttypesoffood.30．Whatareraccoonsgoodat?A．Findingfoodindeepwater. B．Usingtheirfeettoopenfood.C．Adaptingtoanewenvironment. D．Tellingdifferencesamongsmells.31．Afterreadingthetext,wecansaythat________.A．raccoonslikeattackinghumans B．peopleconsiderraccoonsverylovelyC．raccoonsandbearshavealotinmon D．it'sbetterthathumanskeepawayfromraccoonsDOnedictionarybroadlydefinestheword“crisis”as“acrucialturningpointintheprogressofanaffairorofaseriesofevents,asinpolitics,business,astory,orplay…”Thispaperwillattempttodefineamuchnarrowerbutextremelysignificantaspectofcrisis:personalcrisis.Sometimesourmoreorlesssteadyprogressthroughlifeestoajoltinghalt(止步).Somethingunexpected,shocking,frightening,threatening,anddisastroushappensacrisis.Suchadevelopmentcandisturbrelationships,interferewithworkefficiency,andcauseconfusion,disorganization,andseriousemotionalupheaval(剧变).Solutionsthathaveworkedforusinsolvingpastproblemsnolongerproveadequate.Asanxietyincreases,ourpowerstocopewithitcorrespondinglydecrease.Thecrisisquicklyleadstofrustration;wefeelhelplesseithertoescapefromtheproblemortoresolveitsuccessfully.Manypeoplethinkofcrisisasbeingconnectedonlywithunhappyorunpleasantevents.Thisisnotthecase.Crisiscanoccurasaresultofanychange,evenonethatisgenerallyweled:marriage,birthofachild,graduationfromschoolorcollege,orelectiontopublicoffice.Crisesaregenerallyoftwotypes.First,therearetheexpected,maturationalcrisesweexperienceattimesoflifedevelopmentandchange.Examplesofthisincludeachild’sfirstenrollmentinschoolorhistransferatalateragetonewschool.Theseeventsmayprecipitate(促成)acrisisbothfortheyoungsterandhisparents.Anothertimewhencrisiscanbeexpectedisduringadolescence.Thesecondtypeofcrisisistheunexpected,accidentalkind.Thiscanstemfrommanysources:beinginvolvedinalegalsuit,havinganautomobilescrash,beingfiredfromajob,losingalargesumofmoney,orfallingsuddenlyill.Severeillnesswillcreateacrisisnotonlyfortheindividualconcernedbutalsoforhisfamily.Andanillnessmayitselfbecausedbyanemotionalcrisis,suchasthedeathofaspouse,offspring,orsibling.Inarecentattitudesurvey,researchersgatheredinformationtodeterminewhichcrisissituationsinlifeweremostlikelytoprecede(领先于)illness.Thestudyshowedthatthethreemoststressfullifeeventsweredeathofaspouse,divorce,andmaritalseparation.Othereventsthatfelltowardthetopofthecrisisscalewereajailterm,deathofaclosefamilymember,personalinjuryorillness,marriage,losingone’sjob,maritalresolution,retirement,changeinthehealthofafamilymember,pregnancy,gainofanewfamilymember,businessreadjustment,andchangeinfinancialstate.32．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostproperdefinitionof“crisis”?A．Apointormomentofgreatdanger,difficulty,oruncertainty.B．Acrucialturningpointintheprocessofanaffairorofaseriesofevents,eitherexpectedorunexpected.C．Thetimeinaseriousillnessatwhichthereisasuddenchangeforbetterorworse.D．Aresultofchange.33．AllthefollowingmaybecausesofacrisisEXCEPT________.A．pregnancy B．graduationfromhighschoolC．steadyprogressthroughlife D．adolescence34．Theword“maturational”inline1Paragraph4mostprobablymeans________.A．relatedtogrowth B．relatedtoyoungstersC．pleasant D．weled35．Illness,intheauthor’sopinion,is________crisis.A．acauseof B．aresultofC．neitheracausenoraresultof D．eitheracauseoraresultof第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youreducationisveryimportant.36．Byworkingonmakingagoodimpressioneachday,youcanenjoyapositiverelationshipwithyourteacher.Greetyourteacherwithasmile.Yourteacherlikelyarrivestoworkveryearlyeachday,perhapseverbeforethesunhasrisen.37．Greetingyourteacherwithasmileandwarmregardseverymorningisagreatwaytopromoteyourrelationshipandtoimprovetheirday.38．Anotherwaytoestablishagoodrelationshipwithyourteacherisbybeingpunctual(准时的)toclassallthetime,alwaysarrivingbeforethebellrings.Thiswillallowyourteachertoseeyouasareliablepersonwhoisrespectfuloftheirtime.Neverarguewithyourteacher.Thoughyoumayseesomeofyourclassmatesbeingdisrespectful(不尊敬的)toyourteacher,tryveryhardnottobeeoneofthesepeople.Yourteacherhasbeenhiredtoguideyoureducationandtohelpyoulearnimportantknowledgethatwillbeusefultoyouinlife.Respectthisanddonotarguewiththem.39．Followinstructions.Yourteacherlikelyhasasetofrulesthatyoumustobeyinclassinadditiontotheregularschoolrules.40．Ifyourteacherfeelsthatyoukeepyourselfoutoftrouble,theywillviewyoumorepositivelyandyourrelationshipwillstrengthen.A．etoclassontime.B．Apologizeforpastmistakes.C．Besuretomakeanoteoftheserulesandtokeepthem.D．Everyday,theyhavetoworkwithlotsofdifferentstudents.E.Soitisimportanttobuildagoodrelationshipwithyourteacher.F.However,doaskquestionsifyouareconfusedaboutsomething.G.Anythingyouneedtosaytoafriendcanbesaidafterclassorduringabreak.第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Todaywecontinueourseriesonecologyandconservationwithalookataparticularlyendangeredmemberoftheblackbearfamily.Oneintenblackbearsis41bornwithawhitecoat,whichistheresultofa/an42genethatsurfacesinafew.Localpeoplehavenamedit‘thespiritbear’.Andaccordingtothelegendsofthesemunities,itssnowyfurbringswithitaspecialpower.Becauseofthis,ithasalwaysbeenhighly43bythem—somuchthattheydonotspeakofseeingittoanyoneelse.Itistheirwayofprotectingitwhenstrangersvisitthearea.Thewhitebear’s44isquiteinteresting.Thebear’sstrongrelationshipwiththeoldgrowthrainforestisaplexone.Thewhitebearreliesonthehugecenturiesoldtreesintheforestinmanyways.45,theoldgrowthtreeshaveextremelylongrootsthathelppreventerosion(腐蚀)ofthesoilalongthebanksofthemanyfishstreams.Keepingthesebanksundamagedisimportantbecausethesestreamsarehometosalmon,whicharethebear’smainfood46.Thebear’sfeedinghabitsnurturetheforest47.Asthebearseatthesalmon,theyabandontheskinandbonesingreatamountsontheforestfloor,whichprovidevitalnutrients.Theseproducevegetationthat48thousandsofothertypesoflifeforms,frombirdstoinsectsandmore.Today,thespiritbearlivesoffthecoastoftheprovinceofBritishColumbiaonafewislands.Thereisgreatconcernfortheirsurvivalsinceitisestimatedthatlessthantwohundredofthesewhitebearsremain.ThebestwaytoprotectthemistomakeeveryefforttopreservetheThegreatest50tothebear’sexistenceisthelossofitshabitat.Overmanyyears,loggingpanieshavestrippedthelandby51alargenumberoftrees.Inaddition,theyhavebuiltroadswhichhavefracturedtheareaswherethebearusually52,andmanyhibernationsiteshavealsobeenlost.Theloggingofthetreesalongthestreamshasdamagedtheplaceswherethebearsfish.Tomakemattersworse,thenumberofsalmoninthosestreamsisdecliningbecausethereisnolegal53onfishingatthemoment.Allthese54haveanegativeimpactonthespiritbear’sveryexistence,whichismadeallthemorefragilebythefactthatreproductionamongthesebearshasalwaysbeen55low.Whileitisimportanttomaintainthespiritbear’shabitat,therealsoneedstobemoreemphasisonitsexpansion.Themoveisjustifiedasitwillalsocreatespaceforotherbearsthatarelosingtheirhomes.41．A．originally B．actually C．specially D．cautiously42．A．external B．scarce C．circular D．special43．A．justified B．threatened C．regarded D．instructed44．A．habitat B．behavior C．habit D．data45．A．Moreover B．Forexample C．Inotherwords D．Inaddition46．A．origin B．issue C．resource D．source47．A．bytheway B．inreturn C．tosomeextent D．onthecontrary48．A．stimulates B．owes C．originates D．sustains49．A．typical B．specific C．delicate D．original50．A．threat B．symbol C．sign D．effect51．A．callingin B．cuttingdown C．pushingaround D．wearingout52．A．feeds B．sleeps C．reveals D．indicates53．A．possibility B．ambition C．limit D．law54．A．doubts B．influences C．guarantees D．continues55．A．optimistically B．reliably C．fundamentally D．disappointingly第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChinasafelylandedaspacecraftonMars56．thefirsttimeinitshistoryandinitsfirstattempt.beingtheonlyothernationbesidestheU.S.toachievesuchafeat.TheZhurongrover(探测车)namedafteragodoffireinAncientChinesemythology57．(successful)toucheddownontheRedPlanetaround7:18p.m.Therover58．(equip)withasetofsixinstrumentsandcamerastostudythesurface.Theyincludeaspecialradarthatcanlookforwaterandiceupto100metersbelowthesurface.Zhurongalsohasamagnetometer(隘力仪),thefirstever59．(send)toMarsonarover.AlongsideasimilarinstrumentontheTianwen1orbiter,60．willcontinuestudyingtheplanetfromafar.Therover'smagnetometercouldrevealthedetailsofhowMars61．(lose)itsmagneticfield—andconsequentlyitsatmosphereandwater—billionsofyearsago.The62．(land)ofthespacecraftonMarsisthelatestachievementfromChina'splanedrangeofambitiousspace63．(activity).Ithasconductednumerousmissionstothemoonandhasbegunthe64．(construct)ofaspacestationinEarthorbit.ThenationmaysendapairofspacecrafttotheedgeofthesolarsysteminjustafewyearsandlaunchamissiontoJupiterbytheendofthedecade.NowthatTianwen1hasshownthatChinais65．expertinterplanetaryexplorer,evenmoreadventurousprojectsmaybeonthehorizon.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华两周前你从网上买了一双耐克鞋，昨天才到货，且鞋子看起来旧，气味难闻。请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下：1.介绍购物情况；2.反映存在问题，3.提出解决方案。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位查作答。参考词汇：耐克鞋NikeshoesDearsir/madam,Iamoneofyourcustomers._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sincerely,LiHua______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________