Unit5LearningfromNatureUsingLanguageGrammar课件高中英语选择性

Unit5UsingLanguage—Grammar

什么是非谓语动词啊？

“非谓语非谓语”,就是不能直接作谓语的动词呗!非谓语动词都有哪些呢？不定式V-ing形式V-ed形式它们在句中不能作谓语，那能作什么成分呢？让我们来读一些句子,总结一下吧!a.Today,architectscontinuetoexplorewaystocapturethebeautyofnaturalforms,…b.…itappearstofloatabovethewaterfrontpromenadeandthewaterthatsurroundsit.c.Visitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnaturalforms.d.

Creatingbuildingssuchastheseenablesustoliveincloserharmonywithourenvironment.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.

Lookatthe“todo”structuresinsentences(a)and(b).DotheyservethesamefunctionineachsentenceInsentence(c),isthe-edformusedasanadjectiveorapastparticipleWhydoestheauthorusethe-edformotherthanthe-ingformObjectPredicativeSubjectAdjectiveTheauthorwantstodescribethevisitors'feeling,sothe-edformisused.Whatisthefunctionofthe-ingforminsentence(d)Nowlet'sreadmoreexamples.Non-finiteformscanbeusedassubject,objectandpredicative.PeoplewhoseinterestisexploringtherelationshipbetweenartandsciencewillenjoySingapore'sArtScienceMuseum.2.Tousebiomimicryistocreatestructuresbasedonnaturalformsandprocesses.3.Visitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnatural.4.Tomeettheneedsoftodaywhileprotectingtheworldoftomorrowmaybeachallenge,buteventhesimplestorganismscanhelpteachushowtoachievethis.1.Peoplewhoseinterestis_________(explore)therelationshipbetweenartandsciencewillenjoySingapore'sArtScienceMuseum.2._______(use)

biomimicryis________(create)structuresbasedonnaturalformsandprocesses.3.Visitorsareoften________(amaze)tofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnatural.4.________(meet)theneedsoftodaywhileprotectingtheworldoftomorrowmaybeachallenge,buteventhesimplestorganismscanhelpteachushowtoachievethis.amazedFillintheblankswithappropriatewords.exploringTousetocreatego

Ready?Tomeet

非谓语动词共有三类：不定式、V-ing形式，V-ed形式。非谓语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，可以用作主语、宾语、表语等。复习：非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语Focuson基本用法Review:non-finiteformsassubject,objectandpredictive①Toobeylawiseveryone'sduty.遵纪守法是每个人的职责。②Totalkwithyourmouthfullisrude.满嘴食物讲话是不礼貌的。③ItisusefulforyoutolearnsomespokenEnglish.学习些口语对你来说是有用的。不定式形式主语真正主语动词不定式作主语单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。①Hemanaged

tosolvetheproblembyhimself.他自己设法解决了问题。②Ilike

toreadnewspaperarticlesaboutsports.我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报道。③Amywants

toknowmoreaboutthefilm.艾米想知道更多关于这部电影的情况。动词不定式作宾语Theseverbsarefollowedby‘toinfinitive'.offerdecidehopedeserveattemptpromiseagreeplanaimaffordmanagethreatenrefusearrangelearnforgetfailwantaskhelpwouldlikewouldloveexpectbegmean(=intend)wouldpreferwouldhatee.g.(1)Iplan______________thisevening.我打算今晚去看电影。(2)Sheagreed___________________finallyafteralongnegotiation.在很长的谈判后，她最终同意签合同了。toseeafilmtosignthecontract不定式形式作表语时表示的动作往往是具体的、一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。通常主语是表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等的名词或what引导的主语从句。①Yourtasktodayistowashthecurtains.

你今天的任务是洗窗帘。②Mypurposeistoclimbtothetopofthesnow

mountain.我的目标就是要爬到雪山的顶部。③WhatIneedistomakethemhappy,nottired.

我需要的是让他们快乐，而不是疲劳。动词不定式作表语※当动词不定式用作表语时，其中的to原则上是不能省略的,但是当主语部分有动词do(did/do/does)的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to.①

Whatshecoulddowas

(to)gobackhome.她所能做的就是回家。②WhatIwanttodois

(to)get

somefresh

water.我要做的事就是弄些淡水来。

①Playing

tricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo.

捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。②Learning

newwordsisveryimportantforme.

学习新单词对我来说非常重要。

③Chattingwiththemimprovesourminds.

和他们聊天增长我们的见识。1.直接置于句首V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。V-ing形式V-ing形式作主语⑴It'sworth

makingtheeffort.⑵Itispleasant

workingwithyou.⑶It'snouse

cryingoversplitmilk.⑷Itwasawasteoftime

readingthatbook.这件事值得努力去做。和你一起工作很愉快。覆水难收。看那本书是浪费时间。2.

有时可用it作形式主语前置，真正的主语是V-ing形式。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。形容词名词1.It+be+awasteoftimedoing…做……是浪费时间的。2.Itis/wasnogood/usedoing…

做……是没益/用处的。3.Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing...做……不值得。4.Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing…

做……是值得的。常用it作形式主语的句型有：①Ican'tavoid

going.②Doyouenjoyteaching   我不能不去。你喜欢教书吗？③

Icouldn'thelp

laughing.  我禁不住笑了起来。④

Theywillputoff

doingituntilnextyear.他们将推迟到明年再做此事。1.有些动词/短语只能接

V-ing形式作宾语，常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand,excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk等。V-ing形式作宾语①·Doyoulikereading·Iliketoreaddetectivestories.②·Ihate

askingfavors.

·Hewouldhate

todisappointyou.你喜欢看书吗？我不愿意求人帮忙。我喜欢看侦探小说。他不愿意让你失望。2.有些动词后可接V-ing或todo作宾语，且意义相差不大。这类动词有:

begin,love,like,continue,hate,propose,prefer等。①Ishallneverforget

hearinghersingingthatsong.②Ihaveforgotten

tobring

myumbrella.我将不会忘记听她唱那支歌的情景。我忘了带伞。Example:

forgetregretremember

meantrystop…·forgetdoingsth.忘记曾经做过某事(动作已发生)·forgettodosth.

忘记去做某事(动作并未发生)3.有些动词后既可以使用V-ing形式又可以使用todo，但语义有区别。①Iregret

lendinghimsomuchmoneybecauseheneverpaidmeback.②Iregret

totellyouthatyoufailedthetest.我很后悔借给他那么多钱，因为他根本没有还过我。我遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过考试。·regretdoingsth.后悔做过……·Iregrettosay/totell/toinformyou…=I'msorrythatIhavetosay(etc.)

Iregretdoingsth.=IdiditandnowI'msorryaboutit.①Iremember

seeingyousomewhereinLondon.②Doyouremembertoposttheletter我记得在伦敦什么地方见到过你。你记住寄这封信了吗·rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事(动作已发生)tosaythatsb.remembershe/shehasdonesthbefore·remembertodosth.记住做某事（动作还没有发生）tosaythatsb.remembershe/shewilldosth①Missingthebusmeans

waitingforanotherhour.②I'mfeelingveryguilty—I'vebeen

meaning

tocallmyparentsfordays,butstillhaven'tgotaroundtoit.赶不上那班巴士意味着就要再等一个小时。我感到非常内疚——几天来我一直打算给父母打，但还是没机会打。·meandoingsth.

意味着……

·meantodosth.打算做某事tosaythatweintend(ed)todosth.tosaythatsth.hassth.elseasaresult①Whynottrydoingitinsomeotherway②Itried

tosolvetheproblembutIcouldn't.为什么不用其他办法试一试呢？我努力解答那个题，但我解不出。·trydoingsth.

试着做某事

·trytodosth.尽力去做某事tosaythatweattempttodosth.tosayweuse,doorteststh.toseeifitimprovesasituation①Pleasestop

talkingaloud.②Theystopped

totakephotos.请不要大声说话。他们停下来去拍照。·stopdoingsth.

停止做某事

·stoptodosth.

停下来正在做的事情去做另外一件事tosaywhywestopdoingsth.tosaywhatitisthatwestopdoing①Sheinsistedon

writingatonce.②Theyobjectedto

leavingthemotel.她坚持马上就写。他们反对离开这家汽车旅馆。③

Idon'tfeellike

goingtothemovie.我不想去看电影。4.V-ing形式可作介词宾语devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,insiston,putoff,feellike,waste/

spend…(in)doingsth.,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.等。V-ing形式作表语1.

V-ing形式作表语时表示一般性、习惯性的动作，或抽象的动作，大部分时候主语和表语可以互换。①Myhobbyisplayingguitar.

我的爱好是弹吉他。②Therealquestionis

gettingtoknowthe

needsofthestudents.=Gettingtoknowtheneedsofthestudentsistherealquestion.

真正的问题是了解学生的需求。2.V-ing形式作表语还可以表示主语具有的特征或属性。V-ing形式用来形容事物,表示“令人(感到)……，使人(感到)……”。①

Thenewsisreallyexciting.

这个消息真令人振奋。②Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.

你所说的真令人鼓舞。

V-ed形式作表语V-ed形式作表语时表示主语(人和事物)的存在状态或情感情绪“人(感到)……”等。①Theshopisclosednow.

商店已关门。②

Thecupsarebroken.

杯子碎了。③Iamverydisappointedatthenews.

我对这个消息感到很失望。(closed和broken表示主语的存在状态)(disappointed表示主语的情绪——感到失望)V-ed形式英语中有很多与感觉有关的动词，其V-ing形式用来形容事物，表示“令人……的”；

其V-ed形式用来形容人，表示“(人)感到……的”。delighting

令人高兴的disappointing令人失望的encouraging

令人鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的

puzzling令人费解的satisfying令人满意的

surprising令人惊异的

worrying

令人担心的delighted感到高兴的

disappointed感到失望的

encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleased

感到愉快的

puzzled感到费解的

satisfied

感到满意的

surprised

感到惊异的

worried

感到担心的

这类词常见的表达有：________(draw)inspirationfromnatureisatraditionthatgoesbackcenturies.NowhereisthisbetterillustratedthaninthebeautifulLingeringGardenofSuzhou.Themainprincipleofitsdesignis____________________(recreate)naturallandscapesinminiature.FirstestablishedintheMingDynasty,theoriginalgardencontainedarockerytosymboliseTiantaiMountain.Pineandbamboogroveswereaddedlater,alongwithapondandanisland.Visitorswouldbe__________(astonish)tofindthegardenmodeledcloselyonnaturalfeatures.Visitorsarealsosupposed_________

(explore)itscene-by-scene.Thiscouldvaryfromaviewofapondandthesplashingoffish,toatreeinblossom,apagodaoramoon-shapedgate.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.P532Drawingtorecreate/recreatingastonishedtoexploreReadtheinformationbelowandwriteaparagraphintroducingthe24SolarTermswiththewordsinthebox.Usethestructuresyouhavelearntinthisunitwhereappropriate.Learning

fromnature'swisdomledfarmersinAncientChinatocreatethe24SolarTerms…P533learndetermineshowamazeusePossibleanswers：SolarTermswhichwerebasedonobservationofchangesofseasons,astronomyandothernaturalphenomena.Indicatingchangesinweatherconditions,the24SolarTermsremainofparticularimportancetofarmersforguidingtheirpractices.Thefirsttermisknownas“BeginningofSpring”,andmarkswhendaysbecomelongerandthetemperaturebeginstoincrease.Nowadays,the24SolarTermsnotonlyapplytofarming,butalsoguideChinesepeopleineverydaylife.SovariedarethefunctionsoftheSolarTermsandtheircontributionstoculturalidentity,thatin2016,theywereaddedtoUNESCO'sListofIntangibleCulturalHeritage.Workinpairs.TalkaboutoneoftheSolarTermsusingthestructuresyouhavelearntinthisunitwhereappropriate.Usefulexpressions:...basedon...Itdetermines...Itguides...P5341.Hisjobis_____(sit)besidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn'thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.

[2021·新高考I卷·阅读理解B]2.So______(be)interestingatadinnerpartyisn'tthathard.(2021全国乙卷·七选五)实战高考tositbeing3.Simply_______(say)thankyoudoesn'tseemenoughincertainsituations.(2021全国乙卷·完形填空)4.PaulBeer,headofrhino(犀牛)sectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutely__________(delight)towelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily”(2021全国甲卷阅读理解B)saying实战高考delighted5.“Iremember_________(walk)downthelonghalland________(open)thedoortomyroomtofindanentireflock(群)ofseagulls(海鸥),”Burchillsaidinarecentletterofapologytothe4-starhotel.(2021全国甲卷·完形填空)6.Afterspendingsometime_________(look)atallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!(2021全国甲卷·语言知识运用第二节)walkingopeninglooking实战高考7.__________(return)toabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.(2020全国卷I·阅读理解B)8.______(use)emojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.(2020全国卷II)9._______(take)picturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.(2020浙江·读后续写)10.Inthefuture,theteamhopes__________(develop)aversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.(2020新课标I阅读理解D)UsingTakingReturningtodevelop实战高考

主语宾语表语不定式V­ingV­ed

非谓语动词的句法功能：类别成分√√√√√√√IndividualactivityI.选择填空。1.Itisnouse______________(tocomplain/complaining).Whatyouneedtodonowiscorrectyourmistake.2.Susan,pleaseremember__________(telling/totell)yourbrothertogivemeacalltonight.3.Yourdaughterwillbe__________(disappointed/disappointing)ifyoudon'tbuyheranewbike.4.Biologyismyfavouritesubject,andmytargetis__________(prepared/toprepare)myselfformydegreeinbiologyatuniversity.5.Itusuallytakesmeabouttwentyminutes_______(getting/toget)homebybus,soIoftenusethetimetoreviewEnglishwords.complainingtotelldisappointedtopreparetoget1.__________(work)withthosefamousmusicianswasagoodchanceformetoimprovemyself.2.Itisveryimportant__________(meet)friendsinpersonfromtimetotime,notjustonsocialmedia.3.Thecandlesetfiretothesheets,butluckilyhemanaged___________(put)