Unit2重要知识点牛津译林版英语八年级上册

8AU2【wele】haveto&must[haveto]：“必须，不得不”，强调客观上的需要，有人称，时态的变化（三单hasto,过去式hadto,将来时willhaveto）,其否定形式为don't/doesn’t/didn’thaveto,表示“不必”[must]:“必须”，强调主观意愿和看法，无人称，时态和数的变化，其否定形式为mustn't,表示“禁止，不允许”It'slikewatchingTV,buttherearefeweradvertisements.它（上学）就像看电视，只不过广告少一些。①likeprep.像...+名词/代词/ving②fewfewer+可名复③few;afew;little;alittle区别Britishn.英国人theBritish=Britishpeople=Englishmanadj.英国的Britishpeoplevacation可数名词/不可数名词“假期”（英：holiday）onvacation在度假takeavacation度假winter/summervacation寒假/暑假falln秋天（英：Autumn）；瀑布vi.落下；跌倒6.movien.(可数)电影（英：film）gotoamovie/gotothemovie看电影Shallwegotogether?“Shallwedo......?”提建议的句型➡肯定回答：Whynot?/OK./Ofcourse./Allright.【提建议的句型】Let’sdosth.You'dbetterdosth.（你最好做某事）How/Whataboutdoingsth?Whynotdosth?Whydon’tyoudosth?Will/Would/Couldyoupleasedosth?(请你做下某事好吗？)practisevi/vt.练习，训练practise(doing)sth（英：practise）n.练习（英：practice）【reading】inyear8在八年级（英：inGrade8）在...年级：美inYear+基数词inthe+序数词+year英inGrade+基数词inthe+序数词+grademixvt.混合➡mixedadj.混合的➡mixturen.混合物Amongallmysubjects,IlikeFrenchbest.①like...best=favourite②Francen.法国➡French①n.法语②adj法国的Frenchman法国人Learningforeignlanguageisfun.①learningforeignlanguage动名词短语，起名词作用（指学外语这件事），后面的谓语动词用单数。②foreignadj.外国的foreignlanguage外语foreignern.外国人duringprep.在...期间duringtheweekborrow....from...借入lend...to...借出keep持有bringin带来，引进bring“拿来，带来”，强调从别处带某人/某物来到说话人所在地take“拿走，带走”，强调使人/物离开说话人所在地carry“携带，搬运”，强调某物从甲地移至乙地，带着物体随身移动但无固定方向get/fetch“去取来，去拿来”，多用于口语，指去去了动词又返回来这一往返过程end①n.末端，尽头theendof...在...末尾attheendof...在...的末尾/尽头intheend最后，终于②vt/vi.结束endwith...以...结束Thepartyendedwithasong.聚会以一首歌结束。discussvt.讨论discusssthwithsb和某人讨论某事discussionn.讨论haveadiscussioninclass在课堂上intheclass在班级里[seem]①主语+seem（tobe）+adj.②主语+seemtodo③Itseemsthat从句offer①vt.主动提出，自愿给予offersbsth=offersthtosb为某人提供某物可接双宾语的常见动词：一带（bring,）两给（give,offer）两传递（pass,hand），借（lend）送（send）展示（show）写（write）双宾。offertodosth主动提出做某事②n.提供，提议，提出，出价初中阶段常见的以o结尾变复数加es的单词：英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿(tomato)，土豆(potato)和芒果(mango)。win&beat词条含义过去式用法win获胜，赢得won宾语常是“比赛，战争，奖品”等名词，即race,match,game,petition,war,prize等beat打败，战胜beat宾语常是“竞争对手”，即指人或球队的名词或代词by①prep.“由/被....”YesterdayIheardaverybeautifulpieceofmusicbyBeethoven.我昨天听了一首由贝多芬创作的非常美妙的曲子。②“在....旁，靠近”Thereisasmallwoodenhousebytheriver.③“经过...的旁边”Agirlwentbymetotheteachers’officejustnow.④“(表示方法，手段等)靠，用，通过”LastsummerIwenttoBeijingbyair.⑤“被，由（被动语态中用来引出动作的执行者）”Thebuildingwasdesignedbyastudenttenyearsago.⑥“逐个”Thechildrenwentintothecinemaonebyone.【grammar】fast&quickly&soonfast形容词，副词指运动中的人或物体动作本身的速度快，强调自身速度快。quickly副词指在较短时间内发生或完成，突出做事动作快。soon副词指不久就发生某个动作或状况，表示所花时间短。far比较级➡further/fartherfurther可以表示距离上“较远，更远”；还可以表示程度上“进一步”，具有抽象意义farther表示长度或距离上“较远，更远”Shedrawsbetterthananyotherstudentinmyclass.“比较级+thananyother+可名单”表示最高级（比较的对象要是同一范围的）◎数量的比较两者数量的比较用“more...than...”结构表示“...比...多”，more+可名复/不可名。YouhavemorebooksthanI.你的书比我的多Ihavemorefreetimethanyou.我的空余时间比你的多。2.用“fewer/less...than..."结构表示“......比....少”,fewer+可名复,less+不可名。Ourschoolhasfewerweeksoffforthesummerholidaythanyours.我们学校比你们学校的暑假少放几个星期。HespendslessmoneyonclothesthanI.他在衣服上花的钱比我少。二、三者或三者以上的数量上的比较1.用“themost”表示“最多”,most+可名复/不可名Westudythemostsubjectsofall.在所有人当中我们学习的科目最多。Ispendthemosttimedoingmyhomework.我在做家庭作业上花的时间最多。2.用“thefewest/least"表示“最少”，fewest+可名复,least+不可名。Danieldrinkstheleast.juiceamongthethreeofus.丹尼尔在我们三个当中饮料喝得最少。Whohasthefewestfriendsofthethree?三个人中谁的朋友最少?◎副词的比较级和最高级一、副词比较级和最高级的变化规则1.规则变化副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化与形容词基本相同。2.不规则变化wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfather/furtherfarthest/furthest二、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1.副词的比较级和最高级的用法与形容词基本相同。TomdoeshishomeworkmorecarefullythanI.汤姆做家庭作业比我认真。Lucydrawsthebestofusall.露西在我们所有人当中画得最好。2.副词最高级前面的the可以省略，而形容词前面的the不可以省略。Theboyisthefastestinhisclass.这个男孩在他班上跑得最快。Theboyruns(the)fastestinhisclass.这个男孩在他班上跑得最快。【Integratedskills&studyskills&task】thenumberof...is....anumberof+可名复...are...spendvt.花费过去式：spent词条主语花费常用结构spend人时间/金钱Sb+spend(s)/spent+时间/金钱+onsth(in)doingsthcost物金钱Sth+cost(s)/cost+sb+金钱pay人金钱Sb+pay(s）/paid+金钱+forsthtakeit时间Ittakes/took(sb)+时间+todosthwearvt.穿，戴强调穿着的状态wear+衣物beinprep.强调穿着的状态bein+衣物/颜色puton强调“穿，戴”的动作dress作动词时，宾语通常为人dresssb;dressoneself4.ChinesestudentshavemoreweeksoffforthesummerholidaythanBritishstudents.①have+一段时间+off“有...时间的假期”havetwoweeksoff有两周的假期②off:falloff....从...掉下来keepoff远离turnoff关掉Halfanhourforplayingputergamesandanotherhalfanhourforplayingchess.►another①adj.（不确定数目中的）“另外任何一个的”②代词“另一个”Ifyoudon’tlikethisone,tryanother.③another+数词+名词=数词+more+名词“还，再，又”•playchess下国际象棋atmost至多，不超过=notmorethan反义词组：atleast至少后缀ly(1)“名词+后缀ly”构成形容词monthly每月的friendly友好的(2)形容词+后缀ly➡副词carefulcarefully►形容词变副词的常见方法（1）大多数形容词在词尾加ly,quickquickly（2）辅音字母+y结尾的，y➡i，+lyluckyluckily（3）le结尾的，去e再加yterribleterribly7.lookthrough浏览，快速查看；透过...看；翻查；翻找lookup抬头看；查阅lookout当心lookforwardto盼望lookafter照顾lookfor寻找lookaround环顾四周atfirst起初，首次atlast最后IalsokeepwritinginEnglishaboutmydailylife.keepdoingsth继续，重复做某事dailylife日常生活daily每日的，日常的形容词指每天发生一次的，在句中作定语everyday每天的，日常的形容词指日常发生的，无须特别关心的，只作定语everyday每天副词短语在句中作状语finishschool放学；毕业finishdoingsth结束做某事后接vingd的动词和短语动词：完成（finish）练习（practise）考（consider）建议（suggest），喜欢（enjoy）错过（miss）别介意(mind)。短语：忙于（bebusy）期盼(lookforwardto)要习惯(beusedto)，不禁(can’thelp)放弃(give)想(feellike)继续(keepon)。idealn.理想Weshouldstruggleforourideals.adj.理想的Myidealjobistobeadoctor.needvt.需要needsb/sthneed(sb)todosthsthneedtobedone情态动词“必须，必要”常用于否定句或疑问句中，否定形式为“needn't”=don’thavetoneedn’tdosth不必做某事n.需要beinneed12.havefun=haveagood/great/wonderfultime;enjoyoneselfhavefunwithsthhavefundoingsth.作文：我理想的学校生活体裁记叙文话题学校生活时态一般现在时人称第一人称段落布局开头：总述学校生活的情况主体：具体叙述一些学校生活结尾：对整篇文章进行整体概括，升华文章主题句式链:Myidealschoolstartsat...andfinishesat...Wehavelotsoftimefor...Ihave...becauseIthink...isveryinteresting.EveryMonday,Igotothe...club.IhopeIhave...weeksoff.Wehaveanhourfor...一、根据句义或所给的正确形式填空1.Ifyouwanttobefar___________(health),youmustdomoresports.2.Thesekitesmadeofpaperarethese_________(hero).3.Totellyouthetruth,heis________(true)sorryforwhathedid.4.Readingbooksisbetterthan_______(play)toomuchputergamesinthefreetime.5.It’s________(mean)tospendtoomuchtimeontheboringthings,you’dbetternotdothemagain.6.Whatagreattimetheyhave______(chat)witheachotherontheInternet.7.Theweatherisgetting________(terrible)badbecauseoftheheavyrain.8.Tomisthesecond______________(hardworking)boyinourclass.9.Withtheirhelp,wefoundtheMathsproblem________(easy)thanbefore.10.Everymonthwehavea________(month)testaboutourstudy.11.Ourteacheris__________(幽默的)inourschool,heoftentellsfunnyjokesandmakesushappy.12.Asateacher,youcan’tbetoo_________(patient)toyourstudents.13.Wealllookforwardto_______(win)thebasketballfinalinthepetition.14.Yesterdayallofusreceivedthe________(invite)lettersfromLinda.15.Whohasa_______(方形的)faceinyourclass?16.Thehillismorethan120metersin________(high).17.PeopleintheUKsay“holiday”whilepeopleintheUSAsay“________(假期)”.18.Whichis___________(important)ofthetwoquestions?19.Thelinelooks________(end),it’sdifficulttobuytheticket.20.Heisveryhelpful,heoftenoffers________(help)thepeopleinneed.【答案】healthier2.heroes’3.truly4.playing5.meaningless6.chatting7.terribly8.mosthardworking9.easier10.monthly11.themosthumorousimpatient13.winning14.invitation15.square16.height17.vocation18.themoreimportant19.endless20.tohelp二、单项选择()1.Ihavetosaythatthisis_________bestfilmIhaveseen.Iagree.Ihaveneverseen_________betterone.A.a;the B.a;a C.the;a D.the;the()2.Didyouseethefilmlastnight?Yes,Ithought_________formetoseesuchafilm.A.it’sinteresting B.that’sinterestingC.itinteresting D.thatinteresting()3.Whichcolordoyoulike_________,Bill,red_________yellow?A.most;or B.better;or C.best;or D.more;and()4.It_________himalotthathisfatherlosthiswayhome.A.worried B.worriedabout C.wasworriedabout D.wasworried()5.Heknockedsomething_________theshelfwhenhe_________it.A.off;passed B.down;past C.off;past D.over;passed()6.Yoursweaterisn’t_________though(虽然)it’smuchmoreexpensive.A.asbeautifulasher B.sobeautifulasyou C.asniceashis D.assameasmine()7._________isitfromheretothepark?About20minutesbybike.A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howfar D.Howoften()8.Whichofthefollowingwordsispronounced/weist/?A.west B.weight C.waste D.worst()9._________iteasiertokeepintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathome.A.Made B.Make C.Making D.Tomake()10._________excitingnewsitis!Ourteamhaswonthegame.A.How B.Howan C.What D.Whatan()11.Hehas_________moneyandhecanbuyonly_________sheep.A.few;little B.little;few C.little;afew D.few;alittle()12._________Davidbethenewmonitorofourclass?He_________be,butI’mnotsure.A.Can;may B.Can;can’t C.May;must D.May;can’t()13.Tokyoislargerthan_________inChinaandit’slargerthan_________inAsia.A.anyothercity;theothercities B.allthecities;anyothercity C.theothercities;anycity D.anycity;allthecities()14.HespeaksEnglishwell,butofcoursenot_________apersonborninBritain.A.asgoodas B.betterthan C.aswellas D.worsethan()15.Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?Yes.Whatgreatfun_________ourselvestoallkindsofsnacks!A.wehadtohelp B.itwashelping C.itistohelp D.wehadhelping【答案】CCBAACCCDCCADCD三、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Theyhadafamilymeetingand_________(plan)togotoHongKongforavisitfortheingholiday.2.Look!Itissocloudy.It_________(rain).3.–HowlongdoesKittyspend_________(chat)onlinewithherfriendseveryday?–Lessthanonehour.4.Whatgreatfunitis_________(fly)kitesintheopenair!5.–Ican’tbelievethatyou’vesoldmesuchaterriblewashingmachine.Itdoesn’twork.I_________(listen),Madam.Couldyouspeakalittlemoreslowlyandtellmewhat’swrong?6.Don’tkeep_________(worry)aboutyourson.Hewilltakegoodcareofhimself.7.Themoreexerciseyou_________(take),thestrongeryouwillbe.8.Whatevertheysay,Ichoose_________(trust)you.【答案】1.planned2.isgoingtorain3.chatting4.tofly5.amlistening6.worrying7.take8.totrust四、完成句子1.我不喜欢看《侏罗纪世界2》，因为它没有《憨豆先生》有趣。Idon’tlikewatching<JurassicWorld2>because_________________________as<MrBean>.2.目前，大城市的房价比小城市的高很多。Atpresent,thepriceofthehousesinbigcities_________________________insmallcities.3.徐峥很有幽默感，因此他的电影我从不感到无聊。XuZhenghas_________________________,soIneverfeelboredwithhisfilms.4.感谢你仔细聆听我的问题并主动给予我帮助。Thanksfor_________________________and_________________________.5.爸爸不断告诫我不要花太多时间在电脑上。Father_________________________spendtoomuchtimeonputers.6.暑假里，英国学生比中国学生少几周的休假。Britishstudents_________________________thesummerholidaythanChinesestudents.7.功课越难，你越得认真学习。_________________________thesubjectsare,_________________________youshouldstudy.【答案】1.itisn’tasinteresting2.ismuchhigherthanthat3.agoodsenseofhumor4.listeningtomyproblemscarefully;offeringhelptome5.keepstellingmenotto6.havefewerweeksofffor7.Theharder;themorecarefully五、完形填空Lisahasalwaysbeenoverweight.Shewantedtoloseweight,notjustbecauseshewantedto__36morebeautifulandbehealthier,butalsobecauseitwouldmakelifeeasier.Forexample,itwas37forLisatofindreadymadeclothesthatwouldfit.Shehadtoaskatailor(裁缝)__38clothesthatwerelargeenough.Inschool,sheneededaspecialchairwhichwasbiggerand___39thantheotherchairs.Ifshewentforawalk,shegottiredveryquickly.Shewasalsounhappyaboutthewaypeopletreated40sometimes.“Peoplelookatmeandevenmakefunofme.That’sunfair!It’struethatI’moverweight,butIdon’tthinkpeople41treatmedifferentlybecauseI’mbig.Ican’tenjoy42withmyfriendsbecauseI’mafraidofgettingfatter.”Herfriendsandfamilynevermadefunofher.Theytriedtohelpher43.Theywantedhertobehappyandhealthy.SometimeswhenLisawasfeelingsad,shedidn’twanttospeakto44.Butnowthings45quitedifferent.LastmonthherclassmateswerepreparingfortheSchool46Week.SomeoneadvisedLisatoplaytheleadroleoftheproudQueen(女王)whowastallandfat.Lisa47andpracticedalot.Soonaftertheplay,Lisabecamethestar!Shedidsowellthateverybodyrememberedthe__48__Queen.Theystoodaroundherandsaid“49”toher.SheevenwontheSchoolBestActressAwardforherwonderfulperformance.NowLisadoesn’tworry50beingfatanymore.ShebelievesintheEnglishsaying“Everydoghasitsday.”36．A.see B.watch C.notice D.look37．A.easy B.difficult C.wrong D.right38．A.making B.makes C.make D.tomake39．A.stronger B.higher C.longer D.wider40．A.her B.him C.me D.you41．A.can B.may C.should D.must42．A.havingdinner B.havingparties C.doingsports D.playinggames43．A.however B.instead C.too D.either44．A.nobody B.someone C.anyone D.everyone45．A.was B.is C.were D.are46．A.Sports B.Art C.Science D.Environment47．A.agreed B.disagreed C.answered D.allowed48．A.beautiful B.happy C.sad D.proud49．A.Sorry B.Goodluck C.Congratulations D.Goodbye50．A.with B.about C.in D.for【答案】DBDAACABCDBADCB六、阅读理解PeopleinAustralialovekoalasandtakecareofthem．Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely．Noonecankillthemfortheirprettyfur(皮毛)．Whenakoalaisborn,hehasnofur．Andheisnotasbigasyourlittletoe(脚趾)!Themotherkoalahasapocketinthefrontofherbody．Thebabygoesintothiswarmpocket．Therehestaysforsixmonths．Whenthebabyleavesthepocket,hehasmuchfur．Andheisaboutasbigasyoursho