福建省福州市八县（市区）一中2023-2024学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题

20232024学年第一学期八县(市、区)一中期末联考高中二年英语科试题考试日期：1月30日完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分第一部分：听力(共两节;每小题1.5分，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanbuyonline?A.Books. B.Clothes. C.Shoes.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Wheredidyougetthatskirt?It’ssocute.W:Thanks!Iboughtitonline.Ibuymanythingsonline,likebooksandevenshoes.M:Really?Ibuybooksonline,butI’veneverboughtclothesonline.IliketotrythingsonbeforeIbuythem.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheman’sbosslike?ASheisserious. B.Sheishumorous. C.Sheissociable.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Howdoyoulikeyournewboss?M:She’sOK.Ijustwishshe’dlearntolightenupalittle.Sheneverenjoysajoke.It’shardtoevengetasmileoutofher.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Healthyfood. B.Eatinghabits. C.Weightloss.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:DoyouhaveaNewYear’splan?M:Abigone!Idecidenottoeatsomuchprocessedfood.I’mgoingtofocusonhomecookedmeals.W:Mineisverysimilar.I’mnotgoingtogoonadietbutIwanttoeatabalanceddietwithmorefruitsandvegetables.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydidthewomanleaveherformerjob?A.Itrequiredprofessionalskills.B.Itwasabadlypaidjob.C.Itwasn’tchallenging.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:WhydidyoustopworkingforTexon?W:TheprimaryreasonisthatIcouldn’tusemyskillstothefullestextentalthoughthepayisgood.M:Well,youcanlookforwardtoalotofchallengeshere.W:Great.That’sexactlywhatI’mlookingfor.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howwillthemandealwiththeprinter?A.Exchangeit. B.Returnit. C.Haveitfixed.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Wecanetoyourofficeandfixtheprinter,oryoucanbringitin.M:It’salmostnewanditdoesn’twork.IthinkI’dratherhaveitreplaced.W:Certainly,sir.We’reopenuntil6:00o’clockthisevening.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shelikeswatchingmovies.B.Sheenjoysoutdooractivities.C.Sheispleasedwiththerainyweather.7Whatdidthemandolastweekend?A.Hedidsomegardening.B.Hedidweekendshopping.C.Hewenttoarestaurant.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】M:I’mtellingyou,thisrainyweatherisdrivingmecrazy.Italwaysruinsmyplansforoutdooractivities.W:I’mactuallygladit’sfinallybeenrainingrecently.It’sreallygoodformygarden.M:Bytheway,whatdoyouthinkaboutthenewshoppingcenter?W:Idon’tknow.Ihaven’tshoppedthereyet.Haveyou?M:Yeah,Ihave.Iwenttherelastweekend.Ithasatonofstores,lotsofgreatrestaurants,andabigmovietheater.W:Oh,itsoundssomuchbetterthantheoldone.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Overthephone. B.Inapany. C.Atabookstore.9.Whatlanguageisrequiredforthejob?A.German. B.Chinese. C.Spanish.10.Whatwillthemandonextweek?A.Startwork. B.Attendaninterview. C.pleteanapplicationform.【答案】8.A9.C10.B【解析】原文】W:Hello,DeltaEducation.M:Hello.I’mcallingaboutthejobyouadvertisedforasalesperson.Isitstillavailable?W:Yes.Ourpanysellseducationalbooksforchildren.We’relookingforparttimesalespeopletopromoteourbookstolocalbookstores.M:Thatsoundsinteresting.I’mastudentandlookingforparttimework.W:Well,perhapsyou’dliketoeinforaninterview.Oh,justonethingwedidn’tmentionintheadvertisement.SomeofourbooksareinSpanish,sowe’dliketohiresomeonewhospeaksSpanish.M:Oh,asamatteroffact,Ido.IcanalsospeakalittleGermanandChinese.W:Well,that’simpressive.Wewillcallyounextweektoeforaninterview.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatwasthemandoingwhentheargumentbrokeout?A.Hewastalkingwiththewoman.B.Hewasdrivinghome.C.Hewassleeping.12.WhatdoesthemanthinkofTara’swords?A.Doubtful. B.Reliable. C.Surprising.13.Whatwasthecauseoftheargument?A.Thecarscrashedintoeachother.B.Adriverwasgoingthewrongway.C.Thedriversdidn’tleteachotherthrough.【答案】11.C12.A13.C【解析】【原文】W:HiPhil.Didallthatnoiseinthestreetwakeyouuplastnight?M:No,itdidn’t.I’madeepsleeper.Whathappened,Jess?W:Well,Ididn’tseeitmyselfbutIheardthatitwasanargumentbetweentwocardriversandsupposedlyitgotquiteheated.M:Really?Whotoldyouaboutit?W:Taraatnumber42.Itseemsthatbothdriversgotoutoftheircarsandstartedshoutingateachother.Shesaystheyalmoststartedfighting.M:Hmm…wellI’dthinkwhetherwhatTarasaidwaspletelytrueifIwereyou.W:No,Ibelieveheractually—peopledogetveryannoyedbynotbeingabletopasseachotheronthisstreet.M:Didthecarsmakecontact?W:No…theywerejustinginoppositedirectionsandtheymetwherethestreetgetsnarrowandneitheronewouldmovebackwardstolettheotherpass.Sotheyjuststayedthere,inthemiddleoftheroad,withneitheronegivingway.M:Howchildish.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhatexcitedGreg’sinterestinreading?A.Hisparents’encouragement.B.Hisgrandmother’sbooks.C.Hissummervacation.15.WhoinspiredGregtobeeawriter?A.Hisparents. B.Hisgrandmother. C.Histeacher.16.HowdidGregfeelabouthisfirstnovel?A.Proud. B.Content. C.Disappointed.【答案】14.B15.C16.B【解析】【原文】W:MyguesttodayisthenovelistGregField!Greg,wereyouintobooksandreadingasakid?M:Well,myparentswerealwaysonatmetoread.Theycouldn’tunderstandwhyIdidn’tlikeitmuch.Onesummer,though,Iwasinmygrandma’ssittingroomandshehadthiswholepileofbooks,whichsheletmeplaywithbecauseIlikedthecovers.AndIstartedleafingthrough,andthenmaybereadingawordortwo,andthenapage,andthenthatwasit.W:Andwhataboutatschool?M:Well,therewasoneparticularteacherwhoattheendofeverydaywouldreadbookstous.Itwaslikemusic,likeafilm—thesegreatpictureshisvoicestirredupinmymindandthat’swhenIknewIhadtobeawriter,soIcouldmakethathappentoo.W:Sohowdiditfeelwhenyoueventuallyachievedthat?M:Well,IwassoscaredwhenIwaswritingmyfirstnovel—scaredthatnobodywouldreadit,orthatI’dneverfinishit.Ican’ttellyouwhatareliefitwastoseeitontheshelvesinabookshop.Thenthenextonewas,byparison,abitofadisappointmentanditneversoldaswell.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whomisthespeakeraddressing?A.Universitygraduates. B.Universityfreshmen. C.Highschoolstudents.18.Whatdidthespeakerdoinhisfirstyearofuniversity?A.Heservedasaparttimereporter.B.Hestudiedhistoryasaresearcher.C.Heworkedatalocalradiostation.19.Whydoesthespeakerencouragestudentstojoinclubs?A.Theycanfindtheirtrueinterest.B.Theycanenrichtheiruniversitylife.C.Theycanimprovetheirmunicationskills.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.Tointroduceaclub. B.Togivesomeadvice. C.Toshareexperiences.【答案】17.B18.A19.A20.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,everyone.Ihopeyou’reenjoyingyourfirstday.Theuniversityaskedmetoebackandtalktoyouasoneofyou,givingyouastudent’ssideofthestory.Sowiththatinmind,I’djustliketosayonethingreally,whichis:getinvolvedinsomethingotherthanyourcourseassoonasyoucan.IrememberwhenIfirstcameheretostudyhistory,IhadnoideaofwhatjobI’dendupdoing.Butinmyfirstyear,Ijoinedtheuniversitybroadcastingsociety.Iwasinterestedinreporting.Theninmysecondyear,Igotaholidayjob,helpingoutasaresearcheratthelocalradiostation,andreallyitallledonfromthere,becausefirstofallIwasclearaboutwhatIwantedtodo—whichwastoworkinbroadcasting—andsecondly,Ihadsomecontacts,whichinthislineofworkisakeything.Sothat’sreallymymessagetoyoutoday.Don’tdelay,joinsomeclubsandsocietiesandstartdevelopingyourinterests.Thanksforyourtime.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANowadays,moreandmoreyoungpeoplehavethechancetogotoanothercountrytostudy.Studyingabroadwillenableyoutohavevariousexperiences.ThebestremendationI’dliketogiveyouistobeopentotheexperiencesandthecultureshock.Severalmonnewexperiencesarearoundfood,locations,culture,andlanguage.Food:ThefoodinaforeigncountrywillnotonlybedifferentfromAmericanfood,butthecookingstylewillalsobedifferent.Forexample,whilemostAmericanvegetablesareusuallyboiled,which,asfarasI’mconcerned,isterrible!InChina,whereIstudied,vegetablesareoftenfried.Chinaactuallyhelpedmelikemyformerenemy,vegetables.So,haveanopenmind,andtrythelocalfood.Locations:Intermsoflocations,Imeanthatyourstudyabroadlocationdiffersfromyourhomelocationorcollegelocation.Forexample,ingfromSanFranciscoandgoingtoschoolatMountHolyokeCollegeinSouthHadley,Masschusetts,wasalocationshockforme.Iwasnotusedtotheveryslowpublictransportandtheneedtodrive.Culture:Havinganopenmindwillbenefityouthemost.Inaglobaleducationprogram,wehadChineseroommates,andmyMountHolyokeClasswasmainlymadeupofChinesegraduatestudents.Therefore,hangingoutwiththemwasnottoomuchtrouble,butiffindinglocalfriendsisnotthateasy,joinclubs,sitatcoffeeshops,orstartconversationsatagatheringorparty.Beinginterestedinfleamarketsandartgalleries,Ilookedonlineforthosetypesofeventsandwenttothem.Attheseevents,Imetexpatriates(侨民)andlocalsalikeandbecamegoodfriendswiththem.Anotherwaytofitinwiththecultureistofindpeoplewhowillgotoculturaleventsandplaceswithyou.IwouldwalkaroundShanghai,takingintheChinesecultureeverywhereIwent.21.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thewriterfeltitconvenienttodrivetoschool.B.Thewriterfounditdifficulttomakefriendswithlocals.C.ThewriterdislikedvegetablespriortoingtoChina.D.YoucanparticipateinculturaleventsonlinetotakeintheChineseculture.22.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthewriter.A.madeonlyChinesefriendswheninShanghaiB.keptanopenmindwhenstudyinginChinaC.dislikedhisstudyexperienceinMasschusettsD.experiencedChineseculturebytravelingeverywhere23.Whomaybeinterestedinthepassage?A.Parentsathomeandabroad.B.Teachersteachingforeignlanguages.C.Studentsstudyingortostudyabroad.D.Workersinserviceagencies.24.Whichwillbemainlydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A.Friends. B.Language.C.Study. D.Chineseculture.25.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.MaketheMostofYourExperienceWhenStudyingAbroadB.GetFamiliarwithChineseCultureC.BeOpentotheChineseCultureShockD.MyWonderfulExperienceWhenStudyingAbroad【答案】21.C22.B23.C24.B25.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者结合个人的切身体验，给身在异国他乡，置身于陌生环境的莘莘学子从饮食、地点、文化等方面提出了很好的建议。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Chinaactuallyhelpedmelikemyformerenemy,vegetables.(中国实际上帮助我喜欢上了我以前的敌人——蔬菜)”可知，作者在来中国之前不喜欢吃蔬菜。故选C项。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“So,haveanopenmind,andtrythelocalfood.(所以，保持开放的心态，尝试当地的食物)”和第四段“Havinganopenmindwillbenefityouthemost.Inaglobaleducationprogram,wehadChineseroommates,andmyMountHolyokeClasswasmainlymadeupofChinesegraduatestudents.(拥有开放的心态对你最有好处。在一个全球教育项目中，我们有中国室友，我在芒特霍利奥克学院的班级主要由中国研究生组成)”可推知，作者在中国留学期间保持着开放的心态。故选B项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Nowadays,moreandmoreyoungpeoplehavethechancetogotoanothercountrytostudy.Studyingabroadwillenableyoutohavevariousexperiences.ThebestremendationI’dliketogiveyouistobeopentotheexperiencesandthecultureshock.Severalmonnewexperiencesarearoundfood,locations,culture,andlanguage.(如今，越来越多的年轻人有机会去另一个国家学习。出国留学将使你获得各种各样的经历。我想给你的最好建议是，对经历和文化冲击持开放态度。一些常见的新体验围绕着食物、地点、文化和语言)”可知，作者结合个人的切身体验给正在或准备出国留学的学生提出了很好的建议。由此推知，“正在或准备出国留学的学生”可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选C项。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Severalmonnewexperiencesarearoundfood,locations,culture,andlanguage.(一些常见的新体验围绕着食物、地点、文化和语言)”可知，文章围绕食物、地点、文化和语言展开，第二、三、四段分别提到了食物、地点、文化。由此推知，下一段将主要讨论语言。故选B项。【25题详解】主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，作者结合个人的切身体验给身在异国他乡，置身于陌生环境的莘莘学子从饮食、地点、文化等方面提出了很好的建议。由此可知，A选项“充分利用你的留学经历”能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选A项。BInthepastfewmonths,SamAltman,thefatherofChatGPT,hasbeethehottestfaceintheworldofAI.Manyindustryleaders,AIresearchersseeChatGPTasafundamentaltechnologicalshift,assignificantasthecreationofthewebbrowserortheiPhone.Butfewcanagreeonthefutureofthistechnology.Somebelieveitwilldeliverautopia(乌托邦)whereeveryonehasallthetimeandmoneyeverneeded.Othersbelieveitcoulddestroyhumanity.Stillothersspendmuchoftheirtimearguingthatthetechnologyisneveraspowerfulaseveryonesaysitis,insistingthatneitherheavennorhellisascloseasitmightseem.Mr.Altman,aslim,boyishlooking,37yearoldbusinessmanandinvestorfromthesuburbsofSt.Louis,sitscalmlyinthemiddleofitall.AschiefexecutiveofOpenAI,hesomehowembraceseachoftheseseeminglydistinctviews,hopingtobalancethenumerouspossibilitiesashemovesthisstrange,powerful,unperfecttechnologyintothefuture.Hebelievesthatartificialintelligencewillhappenonewayoranother,thatitwilldowonderfulthingsthatevenhecan’tyetimagineandthatwecanfindwaysofreducingtheharmitmaycause.ItisanattitudethatmirrorsMr.Altman’sownpath.Heisnotnecessarilymotivatedbymoney.LikemanypersonalfortunesinSiliconValleythataretiedupinawidevarietyofpublicandprivatepanies,Mr.Altman’swealthisnotwellrecorded.Buthesaidtheonlymoneyhestandstomakefromthepanyisayearlysalary－“whatevertheminimumforhealthinsuranceis,”hesaid.GeorgeannKepchar,whotaughtAdvancedPlacementputersciencecourse,sawMr.Altmanasoneofhermosttalentedputersciencestudents－andonewitharareknackforpushingpeopleinnewdirections.“Hehadcreativityandvision,binedwiththeambitionandforceofpersonalitytoconvinceotherstoworkwithhimonputtinghisideasintoaction,”shesaid.26.Whichofthefollowingisthelatesttechnologicalshift?A.iPhone. B.ChatGPT. C.Webbrowser. D.AI.27.Whichofthefollowingwordcanbestdescribepeople’sattitudetowardChatGPT?A.optimistic B.pessimistic C.similar D.contradictory28.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Altmanisverythinandwelllooking.B.Altmancanacceptdifferentviewsquietly.C.AIwillbeadestructivetechnology.D.AIprobablyhasfewpossibilities.29.HowdoesMr.AltmanlikeAItechnology?A.AIwillbefantastic. B.AIwillbeharmful.C.AIwillbevisualizable. D.AIwillbringhimfame.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“knack”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Vision. B.Skill. C.Discovery. D.Thought.【答案】26.B27.D28.B29.A30.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT之父萨姆·奥特曼以及他的相关理论技术。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Manyindustryleaders,AIresearchersseeChatGPTasafundamentaltechnologicalshift,assignificantasthecreationofthewebbrowserortheiPhone.Butfewcanagreeonthefutureofthistechnology.”（许多行业领袖、人工智能研究人员将ChatGPT视为一项根本性的技术变革，其意义不亚于网页浏览器或iPhone的诞生。但几乎没有人能对这项技术的未来达成一致。）可知，最新的技术转变是ChatGPT。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Somebelieveitwilldeliverautopia(乌托邦)whereeveryonehasallthetimeandmoneyeverneeded.Othersbelieveitcoulddestroyhumanity.Stillothersspendmuchoftheirtimearguingthatthetechnologyisneveraspowerfulaseveryonesaysitis,insistingthatneitherheavennorhellisascloseasitmightseem.”（一些人认为它会带来一个乌托邦，在那里每个人都有所需的时间和金钱。其他人则认为它可能会毁灭人类。还有一些人花了很多时间争辩说，这项技术从来没有像大家说的那么强大，他们坚持认为，天堂和地狱都没有看起来那么近）可知，人们对于聊天技术的态度是矛盾的。故选D项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Mr.Altman,aslim,boyishlooking,37yearoldbusinessmanandinvestorfromthesuburbsofSt.Louis,sitscalmlyinthemiddleofitall.AschiefexecutiveofOpenAI,hesomehowembraceseachoftheseseeminglydistinctviews,hopingtobalancethenumerouspossibilitiesashemovesthisstrange,powerful,unperfecttechnologyintothefuture.”（37岁的奥特曼身材苗条，看起来像个孩子，是圣路易斯郊区的商人和投资者，他平静地坐在这一切中间。作为OpenAI的首席执行官，他在某种程度上接受了这些看似不同的观点，希望在他将这项奇怪、强大、不完美的技术推向未来的过程中，平衡各种可能性。）可知，从第三段我们可以推断出奥特曼可以静静地接受不同的观点。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Hebelievesthatartificialintelligencewillhappenonewayoranother,thatitwilldowonderfulthingsthatevenhecan’tyetimagineandthatwecanfindwaysofreducingtheharmitmaycause.”（他相信人工智能会以这样或那样的方式出现，它会做一些连他自己都无法想象的奇妙的事情，我们可以找到减少它可能造成的伤害的方法。）可知，奥特曼先生觉得人工智能技术会很棒。故选A项。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段“GeorgeannKepchar,whotaughtAdvancedPlacementputersciencecourse,sawMr.Altmanasoneofhermosttalentedputersciencestudents—andonewitharareknackforpushingpeopleinnewdirections.（教授大学先修课程计算机科学课程的乔治安·凯普查尔认为，奥特曼是她最有才能的计算机科学学生之一）可知，乔治安·凯普查尔认为奥特曼是她最有才能的计算机科学学生之一；由此猜测，教授认为奥特曼有把人类推向新方向的能力，即knack意为“才能，能力”，与skill相近。故选B项。CYouarewhatyoueat—andwhatyoueatmaybeencodedinyourDNA.Studieshaveindicatedthatyourgeneticsplayaroleindeterminingthefoodsyoufinddeliciousordisgusting.Butexactlyhowbigaroletheyplayhasbeendifficulttopindown.“Everythinghasageneticfactor,evenifit’ssmall,”saysJoanneCole,ageneticistandanassistantprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicine.“Weknowthatthereissomegeneticcontributiontowhyweeatthefoodsweeat.Canwetakethenextstepandactuallyshowtheregionsinthegenome(基因组)?”NewresearchledbyColehasgottenastepcloser.Throughaplexandoverallgenomicsanalysis,herteamhasidentified481genomezones,orloci,thatweredirectlylinkedtodietarypatternsandfoodpreferences.Thefindings,whichhavenotyetbeenpeerreviewed(同伴评审),werepresentedlastmonthattheAmericanSocietyforNutrition’sannualflagshipconference.Theybuildona2020NaturemunicationsstudybyColeandhercolleaguesthatuseddatafromtheU.K.Biobank,apublicdatabaseofthegeneticandhealthinformationof500,000participants.Byscanninggenomes,thenewanalysiswasabletotarget194regionsassociatedwithdietarypatternsand287linkedtospecificfoodssuchasfruit,cheese,fish,teaandalcohol.Furtherunderstandinghowgeneticsimpacthowweeatcouldexposedifferencesinnutritionalneedsordiseaserisks.“Oneoftheproblemswithalotofthesegenomicsstudiesisthatthey’reverysmall.Putmoresimply,theydon’thaveenoughpeopletoreallybeabletoidentifygenesinwaysthatarefirm.Thisstudyhadahugequantityofpeople,sothat’sreallypowerful,”saysMonicaDus,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,whowasn’tapartofthenewresearchbutstudiestherelationshipbetweengenesandnutrition.“TheotherthingthatIthoughtwasreallygreatisthattheyhavesomanydifferentaspectsthatthey’remeasuring,aswithdiet.Theyincludedcholesterol(胆固醇),thebody,socioeconomicbackgrounds.”Astheresearchadvances,Dussayssuchgenomeanalysescouldpossiblyhelphealthcareproviders—andevenpolicymakers—addresslargerissuesthataffectfoodaccessandhealth.“Insteadoftryingtopersuadepeopletoeatthisorthat,amorepowerfulinterventionistomakesuretherearen’t‘fooddeserts’ortomakesurethatthere’sahigherminimumwage—thingsthathaveabroaderimpact,”shesays.31.Whatdoes“pindown”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.consume B.qualify C.motivate D.identify32.WhatmightDussubsribeto,accordingtowhatshesaid?A.Alotofthesegenomicsstudieshavebeenbasedonsufficientsamples.B.Genesplayaslightlysmallpartineverything,eveniftheydo.C.Thefindings,whichhavenotyetbeenpeerreviewed,shouldn’tbepublished.D.Whatesfirstisthatpeopleshouldhaveenoughfood.33.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbytheresearchmentionedinthepassage?A.Geneticfactorshavenoinfluenceonfoodpreferences.B.Theresearchteamidentified194genomeregionsassociatedwithdietarypatterns.C.Theresearchteamutilizedasmallsamplesizefortheirgenomicsanalysis.D.Theresearchfindingshavebeenpeerreviewed.34.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Yourgenesmayinfluencewhatyouliketoeat.B.Peopleshouldstayawayfromfattyfoodandsugar.C.Geneshavenumerouseffects.D.Howtoidentifygenes?35.Whichonemightthepassageefrom?A.NationalGeographic B.SportsIllustratedforkidsC.ScientificAmerican D.TheWallStreetJournal【答案】31.D32.D33.B34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究表明人们的基因在决定人们喜欢或厌恶食物方面发挥着重要作用。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文“Studieshaveindicatedthatyourgeneticsplayaroleindeterminingthefoodsyoufinddeliciousordisgusting.(研究表明，你的基因在决定你觉得食物美味或恶心方面发挥着重要作用。)”和划线短语所在句子“Butexactlyhowbigaroletheyplayhasbeendifficulttopindown.(但它们到底发挥了多大作用却很难pindown。)”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，虽然你的基因在决定你觉得食物美味或恶心方面发挥着重要作用，但是却很难确定它们到底发挥了多大作用，划线短语“pindown”意为“确定”，与D项“identify(确定)”意思一样，故选D。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Insteadoftryingtopersuadepeopletoeatthisorthat,amorepowerfulinterventionistomakesuretherearen’t‘fooddeserts’ortomakesurethatthere’sahigherminimumwage—thingsthathaveabroaderimpact,”shesays.(她说：“更强有力的干预措施不是试图说服人们吃这个吃那个，而是确保不存在‘食物荒漠’，或者确保提高最低工资——这些都会产生更广泛的影响。”)”可知，Dus认为要确保人们不存在“食物荒漠”，即要有足够的食物，由此可推知，Dus可能会同意的是：首先人们应该有足够的食物，故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Byscanninggenomes,thenewanalysiswasabletotarget194regionsassociatedwithdietarypatternsand287linkedtospecificfoodssuchasfruit,cheese,fish,teaandalcohol.Furtherunderstandinghowgeneticsimpacthowweeatcouldexposedifferencesinnutritionalneedsordiseaserisks.(通过扫描基因组，新的分析能够定位与饮食模式相关的194个区域和与水果、奶酪、鱼、茶和酒精等特定食物相关的287个区域。进一步了解遗传学如何影响我们的饮食方式可能会揭示营养需求或疾病风险的差异。)”可知，研究小组确定了194个与饮食模式相关的基因组区域。故选B。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“NewresearchledbyColehasgottenastepcloser.Throughalargescalegenomicsanalysis,herteamhasidentified481genomeregionsthatweredirectlylinkedtodietarypatternsandfoodpreferences.Thefindings,whichhavenotyetbeenpeerreviewed,werepresentedlastmonthattheAmericanSocietyforNutrition’sannualconference.(Cole领导的一项新研究离这个目标又近了一步。通过大规模的基因组分析，她的团队已经确定了481个基因组区域，这些区域与饮食模式和食物偏好直接相关。这些尚未经过同行评议的研究结果在上个月的美国营养学会年会上发表。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，你的基因可能与你的饮食有关。故选A。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Youarewhatyoueat—andwhatyoueatmaybeencodedinyourDNA.Studieshaveindicatedthatyourgeneticsplayaroleindeterminingthefoodsyoufinddeliciousordisgusting.Butexactlyhowbigaroletheyplayhasbeendifficulttopindown.“Everythinghasageneticfactor,evenifit’ssmall,”saysJoanneCole,ageneticistandanassistantprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicine.“Weknowthatthereissomegeneticcontributiontowhyweeatthefoodsweeat.Canwetakethenextstepandactuallyshowtheregionsinthegenome(基因组)?”(你就是你所吃的东西——而你所吃的东西可能被编码在你的DNA中。研究表明，你的基因在决定你觉得食物美味或恶心方面发挥着重要作用。但他们到底扮演了多大的角色却很难确定。“一切都有遗传因素，即使它很小，”科罗拉多大学医学院的遗传学家兼助理教授乔安妮·科尔说。“我们知道，我们吃的食物的原因有一定的遗传因素。我们能否采取下一步并实际显示基因组中的区域”)”可知，文章主要讲述了一项研究表明人们的基因在决定人们喜欢或厌恶食物方面发挥着重要作用，这属于科学研究的知识，结合选项可知，文章可能选自《科学美国人》，故选C。第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mostofusassociateawe(敬畏)withsomethingrareandbeautiful:nature,musicoraspiritualexperience.Butpeoplecanwakenawetoo,andnotjustpublicheroes.Researchshowsthatwecanbeawedbyournearestanddearest—thepeoplesittingnexttousonthecouch,chattingontheotherendofthephone,lookingbackatusoverZoom.____36____Often,interpersonalaweisaresponsetolife’sbig,sweepingchanges,suchaswitnessingababy’sfirststeps.____37____JohnBarghsaidhewas“trulyawestruck”—byhis5yearolddaughterwhiledininginaMcDonald’s.Whensheheardanotherchildcrying,shegrabbedthetoyfromherHappyMeal,walkedovertotheboyandhandedittohim.Thoughwecan’tmakesomeoneelsebehaveinawaythat’sawesome,wecanprepareourselvestonoticeitwhentheydoandboosttheemotion’spositiveeffects.Questionyourassumptions.Doyoubelieveyourpartnerisinsensitiveoryoursiblingisselfish?Theremaybealittletruthtothat,butit’sneverthewholetale.____38____Toincreaseyourchancesoffeelingawedbytheotherperson,askyourselfwhat’sgoingoninhisorherlifethatyoudon’tknowabout.Nameawewhenyouseeit.Speakingout“Wow,thatwasawesome!”isasimplewaytohelpyouidentifyandrememberaspecialexperience.Savor(品味)itinthemomentandthentellothersaboutit.Thiswillreinforceyourpositiveemotions.____39____Studiesshowthatyouwillfeelaweagainsimplybyrememberinganaweexperience.____40____Thismakestheotherpersonfeelgoodandcangiveyourrelationshipaboost.Anditwillhelpyoutoo:Studiesshowthatpeoplewhopracticegratitudehavesignificantlyhigherlevelsofhappinessandpsychologicalwellbeing.A.Thankthepersonwhoawedyou.B.Andrecallitorwriteaboutitlater.C.Psychologistscallthisinterpersonalawe.D.It’seasytoforgetthatitcanbeawesometoo.E.Butinterpersonalawedoeshappeninsmallermoments.F.Here’swhyyoushouldrecognizethosemomentsofinterpersonalawe.G.Thestoryyoutellyourselfgetsinthewayofcatchingpeopleattheirbest.【答案】36.C37.E38.G39.B40.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了人与人之间也可以产生或大或小的敬畏，我们可以抛弃自己的成见，用心观察他人令人敬畏的时刻，积极表达、体验敬畏，向给我们带来敬畏的人表达感恩。【36题详解】根据前文“Researchshowsthatwecanbeawedbyournearestanddearest—thepeoplesittingnexttousonthecouch,chattingontheotherendofthephone,lookingbackatusoverZoom.（研究表明，我们可能会对最亲近的人感到敬畏——坐在沙发上、在那头聊天、在Zoom上回看我们的人。）”和下一段中“Often,interpersonalaweisaresponsetolife’sbig,sweepingchanges,suchaswitnessingababy’sfirststeps.（通常，人际敬畏是对生活中重大而彻底的变化的反应，比如目睹婴儿迈出第一步。）”可知，本段引入了对身边的人感到敬畏这一话题，下一段谈到了人际敬畏，空处在本段末尾，需起到衔接的作用，会提到“人际敬畏”这一概念。C项“心理学家称之为人际敬畏。”符合语境，呼应后文。故选C。【37题详解】根据前文“Often,interpersonalaweisaresponsetolife’sbig,sweepingchanges,suchaswitnessingababy’sfirststeps.（通常，人际敬畏是对生活中重大而彻底的变化的反应，比如目睹婴儿迈出第一步。）”和后文“JohnBarghsaidhewas“trulyawestruck”—byhis5yearolddaughterwhiledininginaMcDonald’s.Whensheheardanotherchildcrying,shegrabbedthetoyfromherHappyMeal,walkedovertotheboyandhandedittohim.（JohnBargh说，在麦当劳吃饭时，他“真的被5岁的女儿震惊了”。当她听到另一个孩子在哭时，她从她的开心乐园餐中抓起玩具，走到男孩面前递给他。）”可知，本段在举例说明人际敬畏，前文是大的例子，后文是小的例子，空处需提出人际敬畏可能很小，从而过渡到后文。