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必修一Unit4单元自主检测基础词汇检查1.tornado n.2.drought n.3.landslide n.4.tsunami n.5.magnitude n.6.evacuate v.7.helicopter n.8.crack n.v.9.brick n.10.metal n.11.revive v.12.revival n.13.context n.14.volcano n.15.typhoon n.16.hurricane n.17.whistle v.n.18.summary n.19.n.灾难;灾害20.vi.&vt.(使)滑行;滑动21.vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失22.n.&vt.破坏;毁坏23.n.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中24.n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力25.vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱26.vt.埋葬;安葬27.vi.&vt.统一;(使)成一体28.vi.&vt.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲29.n.避难处;居所;庇护vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)30.adj.镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静;使镇静31.n.援助;帮助;救援物资vi.&vt.(formal)帮助;援助32.vt.&vi.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞33.vt.&vi.打扫;清扫34.n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品vt.供应;供给单句语法填空1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Inmoretechnicalterms,the(wise)ofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.2.(shock),thegracefulcompetitorjustsmiled(calm)whenshelearnedthatno(effect)measureshadbeentaken.3.Knowingthatyouwilladjustthebroadcasttimeslot,(long)andcolumn,Iamwritingtogivemysuggestions.4.Louise’sdreamoffindingthe(rescue)cametrueandnowthatshe’dreunitedwiththem,shehopedtostayconnectedforever.5.Thetrafficaccidentresultedfromthedriver’scarelessness,resultinginthe(die)of3people.6.To(summary),inmostcasestheschoolswereachievingthestandardsset.7.Somechildren(slide)ontheicehappilywhentheyheardsomeonecryingforhelp.8.Thelittlegirlsanktotheground,toofrightened(cry).9.(2021·全国甲卷)Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(横杆),Ifellontothestones,(damage)anerveinmyhand.10.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognisingtheirownstrengths.11.Twofifthsofthebuildings(destroy)intheearthquakelastweekend,(leave)thewholeworldshocked.三、阅读理解AHurricaneLaurahitLouisianaonThursdaywithstrongwindsandheavyrains.It’sthestrongesthurricanetohitLouisianainover150years,andhasleftbehindwidespreaddamage.Lauraisnowweaker,butisstillcausingdamageasitmoveson.Hurricanesarestrongstormswithfast,spinningwindsthatformoveroceans.Inahurricane,thewindsspininacircletowardthecenter,whichislowerinpressure.Asthehurricanemovesacrossthesea,itcollectswaterintohugespinningclouds.Thewaterisreleasedasrainasthehurricanehitsland.ExpertshavebeentrackingLaurasincemid-August.ItmovedthroughtheCaribbeanasatropicalstorm.Tropicalstormsarelikehurricanes,butwithslowerwinds.Still,thestormwasstrongenoughtokill25peopleasitmovedacrossHaitiandtheDominicanRepublic.AsitcameclosertothecoastofLouisianaonWednesday,Lauragatheredstrength,becomingaCategory4Hurricane—thesecondstrongestpossible.Over500,000peoplealongthecoastweretoldtheyneededtoleavetheirhomes.HurricaneLauramadelandfallinCameron,LouisianaearlyinthemorningonThursday.Withwindsblowingat150milesperhour(240kilometersperhour),itwasLouisiana’sstrongesthurricanesince1856.Afterhittingland,Lauramovedslowlynorth,bringingheavyrainsandflooding,andleavingapathofwreckedhomesandbuildingsbehind.Allthroughthestate,treeswereknockeddown,damaginghousesandtakingoutpowerlines.Foroverninehours,Laura’swindsremainedathurricanespeeds.AlmostnoareaofLouisianaescaped.Weatherexpertshadpredictedamassivestormsurge(风暴潮)upto20feet(6meters)inheight.Luckily,thestormsurgewasnotaslargeaspredicted,thoughitstillreachedheightsofupto10feet(3meters).Over880,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,andupto100,000peoplehavebeenleftwithoutdrinkingwater.Atleastfourpeoplehavedied.1.Whatdowelearnabouthurricanes?A.Theystartunderthesea. B.Theycomewithlightning.C.Theycancauseheavyrain. D.Theycomeafterheavyrain.2.Comparedwithtropicalstorms,hurricanes.A.lastlonger B.arestrongerC.travelmoreslowly D.causelessdamage3.HowdoestheauthorshowthepowerofHurricaneLaura?A.Bylistingsomenumbers. B.Byquotingsomeexperts.C.Bygivingsomeexamples. D.Byofferingsometheories.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowHurricanesTakePlace B.HowHurricanesAreFormedC.HurricaneLauraDoesGreatHarm D.HurricaneLauraAttacksLouisianaB(2024·湖南名校联考)Dronesareincreasinglyflyinginourskies,capturingimages,managingcropsandsoon,deliveringpackages.Butwhatdothebirdsmakeofthisinvasionoftheirterritory?Withstrictanimalethicsapproval,weflewdronestowardsflocksofbirdsinQueensland’sMoretonBay.Wefoundmanyspecieswerenotdisturbed,providedthedronewassmallandflewabove60m.Theexceptionwasthecriticallyendangeredeasterncurlews(杓鹬),whichbecamealarmedandflewaway—evenwhenatinydroneapproachedatthemaximumlegalaltitudeof120m.Butwheneasterncurlewstookflight,othernearbyspecieswereoftenstartled,creatingadominoeffectthateventuallycausedthewholeflocktotakeflight.Dronedisturbancecaninterruptbirdsastheyrestorfeed.Itcanevencausethemtoavoidsomelocationsaltogether.Ifthebirdsareconsistentlyinterruptedorscaredawayfromtheirpreferredhabitats,theymayfinditdifficulttoeatandrestenoughtosurviveandreproduce.Thisisparticularlyconcerningforspeciessuchaseasterncurlews,whichmigratethousandsofkilometrestobreed.Westudiedadiversegroupofbirdstypicallyfoundalongcoastlines,knownasshorebirds.Heartbreakingly,theirglobalpopulationhasplummetedastheycontinuetobattlehabitatdestruction,sealevelrise,disturbanceandhunting.Thelastfewdecadeshavebeenbleakfortheeasterncurlew,whichistheworld’slargestmigratoryshorebird.Researchin2011indicatedapopulationdeclineof80%overthreegenerations.Whiledronesareunlikelytohaveplayedamajorroleinshorebirddeclinesofar,ourresults,combinedwiththeincreasingpresenceofdronesalongourcoastline,indicatetheycouldbecomeyetanothersourceofdisturbanceforthesebirds,manyofwhicharealreadyendangered.Dronescanbebeneficialinmanyways,butwemustidentifywhenandhowdronescanbeusedtominimisepotentialharm.Insomelocations,suchassomeAustraliannationalparks,droneuseisalreadyprohibitedorrestricted.Butmanagersneedtounderstandhowdronesaffectwildlifetoinformtheseregulations.5.What’stheproblemwitheasterncurlews?A.Theyarebeingkilled. B.Theyarebeingdisturbed.C.Theirsafetyisbeingthreatened. D.Theirhabitatsarebeingdamaged.6.Whatdowelearnabouteasterncurlews?A.Theyareabletoflyabove120meters. B.Theycan’tfindaplacetoeatandrest.C.Theyadapttotheenvironmentquickly. D.Theyaresensitivetotheirsurroundings.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeted”inParagraph5mean?A.Reducedsharply. B.Increasedrapidly.C.Recoveredslowly. D.Changedgradually.8.What’stheauthor’sfinalconclusionaboutdrones?A.Theyposenothreattoeasterncurlews.B.Theyshouldbeforbiddenneartheshores.C.Theyshouldbeusedundercertainregulations.D.Theybenefiteasterncurlewsinanumberofways.四.阅读七选五UnderEmperorWu(156-87BCE),theWesternHanreachedthepeakofitspower.TheWesternRegionswereopened.9.China’ssilkwasthemaincommoditytransportedalongthisroad,soitwascalledtheSilkRoad.ItplayedanimportantpartinpromotingtradeandculturalexchangesbetweentheEastandtheWest.10,whichispresent-dayXi’an,capitalofShaanxiProvince,passingthroughGansuandXinjiangtoCentralAsia,WestAsia,andtolandsbytheMediterranean.TherewerenosignsofcommunicationbetweenancientChinesecivilizationandMediterraneancivilizationinearlierhistory.InabouttheseventhcenturyBCE,theancientGreeksbegantolearnaboutanancientcivilizationtotheEast,yetknewlittleaboutit.11.YetrealcommunicationbetweenChina,CentralandWestAsiancountries,AfricaandtheEuropeancontinentdidnotdevelopuntiltheopeningoftheSilkRoad.TheSilkRoadfunctionednotonlyasatraderoute,butalsoasabridgethatlinkedtheancientcivilizationsofChina,India,theMesopotamianplains,Egypt,andGreece.12.TheSilkRoadservedasthemainchan
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