Unit+4+Natural+Disasters+单元自主检测 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

必修一Unit4单元自主检测基础词汇检查1.tornado n.2.drought n.3.landslide n.4.tsunami n.5.magnitude n.6.evacuate v.7.helicopter n.8.crack n.v.9.brick n.10.metal n.11.revive v.12.revival n.13.context n.14.volcano n.15.typhoon n.16.hurricane n.17.whistle v.n.18.summary n.19.n.灾难；灾害20.vi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑动21.vt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失22.n.&vt.破坏；毁坏23.n.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中24.n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力25.vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱26.vt.埋葬；安葬27.vi.&vt.统一；（使）成一体28.vi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲29.n.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险）30.adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静31.n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.（formal）帮助；援助32.vt.&vi.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞33.vt.&vi.打扫；清扫34.n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给单句语法填空1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Inmoretechnicalterms,the（wise）ofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.2.(shock),thegracefulcompetitorjustsmiled（calm）whenshelearnedthatno（effect）measureshadbeentaken.3.Knowingthatyouwilladjustthebroadcasttimeslot,（long）andcolumn,Iamwritingtogivemysuggestions.4.Louise’sdreamoffindingthe（rescue）cametrueandnowthatshe’dreunitedwiththem，shehopedtostayconnectedforever.5.Thetrafficaccidentresultedfromthedriver’scarelessness，resultinginthe（die）of3people.6.To(summary),inmostcasestheschoolswereachievingthestandardsset.7.Somechildren（slide）ontheicehappilywhentheyheardsomeonecryingforhelp.8.Thelittlegirlsanktotheground,toofrightened（cry）.9.（2021·全国甲卷）Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（横杆）,Ifellontothestones，（damage）anerveinmyhand.10.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognisingtheirownstrengths.11.Twofifthsofthebuildings（destroy）intheearthquakelastweekend,（leave）thewholeworldshocked.三、阅读理解AHurricaneLaurahitLouisianaonThursdaywithstrongwindsandheavyrains.It’sthestrongesthurricanetohitLouisianainover150years,andhasleftbehindwidespreaddamage.Lauraisnowweaker,butisstillcausingdamageasitmoveson.Hurricanesarestrongstormswithfast,spinningwindsthatformoveroceans.Inahurricane,thewindsspininacircletowardthecenter,whichislowerinpressure.Asthehurricanemovesacrossthesea,itcollectswaterintohugespinningclouds.Thewaterisreleasedasrainasthehurricanehitsland.ExpertshavebeentrackingLaurasincemid-August.ItmovedthroughtheCaribbeanasatropicalstorm.Tropicalstormsarelikehurricanes,butwithslowerwinds.Still,thestormwasstrongenoughtokill25peopleasitmovedacrossHaitiandtheDominicanRepublic.AsitcameclosertothecoastofLouisianaonWednesday,Lauragatheredstrength,becomingaCategory4Hurricane—thesecondstrongestpossible.Over500，000peoplealongthecoastweretoldtheyneededtoleavetheirhomes.HurricaneLauramadelandfallinCameron,LouisianaearlyinthemorningonThursday.Withwindsblowingat150milesperhour(240kilometersperhour),itwasLouisiana’sstrongesthurricanesince1856.Afterhittingland,Lauramovedslowlynorth,bringingheavyrainsandflooding,andleavingapathofwreckedhomesandbuildingsbehind.Allthroughthestate,treeswereknockeddown,damaginghousesandtakingoutpowerlines.Foroverninehours,Laura’swindsremainedathurricanespeeds.AlmostnoareaofLouisianaescaped.Weatherexpertshadpredictedamassivestormsurge（风暴潮）upto20feet(6meters)inheight.Luckily,thestormsurgewasnotaslargeaspredicted,thoughitstillreachedheightsofupto10feet(3meters).Over880,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,andupto100，000peoplehavebeenleftwithoutdrinkingwater.Atleastfourpeoplehavedied.1.Whatdowelearnabouthurricanes?A.Theystartunderthesea. B.Theycomewithlightning.C.Theycancauseheavyrain. D.Theycomeafterheavyrain.2.Comparedwithtropicalstorms，hurricanes.A.lastlonger B.arestrongerC.travelmoreslowly D.causelessdamage3.HowdoestheauthorshowthepowerofHurricaneLaura?A.Bylistingsomenumbers. B.Byquotingsomeexperts.C.Bygivingsomeexamples. D.Byofferingsometheories.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowHurricanesTakePlace B.HowHurricanesAreFormedC.HurricaneLauraDoesGreatHarm D.HurricaneLauraAttacksLouisianaB（2024·湖南名校联考）Dronesareincreasinglyflyinginourskies,capturingimages,managingcropsandsoon，deliveringpackages.Butwhatdothebirdsmakeofthisinvasionoftheirterritory?Withstrictanimalethicsapproval,weflewdronestowardsflocksofbirdsinQueensland’sMoretonBay.Wefoundmanyspecieswerenotdisturbed，providedthedronewassmallandflewabove60m.Theexceptionwasthecriticallyendangeredeasterncurlews（杓鹬）,whichbecamealarmedandflewaway—evenwhenatinydroneapproachedatthemaximumlegalaltitudeof120m.Butwheneasterncurlewstookflight,othernearbyspecieswereoftenstartled，creatingadominoeffectthateventuallycausedthewholeflocktotakeflight.Dronedisturbancecaninterruptbirdsastheyrestorfeed.Itcanevencausethemtoavoidsomelocationsaltogether.Ifthebirdsareconsistentlyinterruptedorscaredawayfromtheirpreferredhabitats,theymayfinditdifficulttoeatandrestenoughtosurviveandreproduce.Thisisparticularlyconcerningforspeciessuchaseasterncurlews,whichmigratethousandsofkilometrestobreed.Westudiedadiversegroupofbirdstypicallyfoundalongcoastlines,knownasshorebirds.Heartbreakingly,theirglobalpopulationhasplummetedastheycontinuetobattlehabitatdestruction,sealevelrise,disturbanceandhunting.Thelastfewdecadeshavebeenbleakfortheeasterncurlew,whichistheworld’slargestmigratoryshorebird.Researchin2011indicatedapopulationdeclineof80%overthreegenerations.Whiledronesareunlikelytohaveplayedamajorroleinshorebirddeclinesofar,ourresults,combinedwiththeincreasingpresenceofdronesalongourcoastline,indicatetheycouldbecomeyetanothersourceofdisturbanceforthesebirds,manyofwhicharealreadyendangered.Dronescanbebeneficialinmanyways,butwemustidentifywhenandhowdronescanbeusedtominimisepotentialharm.Insomelocations,suchassomeAustraliannationalparks,droneuseisalreadyprohibitedorrestricted.Butmanagersneedtounderstandhowdronesaffectwildlifetoinformtheseregulations.5.What’stheproblemwitheasterncurlews?A.Theyarebeingkilled. B.Theyarebeingdisturbed.C.Theirsafetyisbeingthreatened. D.Theirhabitatsarebeingdamaged.6.Whatdowelearnabouteasterncurlews?A.Theyareabletoflyabove120meters. B.Theycan’tfindaplacetoeatandrest.C.Theyadapttotheenvironmentquickly. D.Theyaresensitivetotheirsurroundings.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeted”inParagraph5mean?A.Reducedsharply. B.Increasedrapidly.C.Recoveredslowly. D.Changedgradually.8.What’stheauthor’sfinalconclusionaboutdrones?A.Theyposenothreattoeasterncurlews.B.Theyshouldbeforbiddenneartheshores.C.Theyshouldbeusedundercertainregulations.D.Theybenefiteasterncurlewsinanumberofways.四．阅读七选五UnderEmperorWu（156－87BCE）,theWesternHanreachedthepeakofitspower.TheWesternRegionswereopened.9.China’ssilkwasthemaincommoditytransportedalongthisroad,soitwascalledtheSilkRoad.ItplayedanimportantpartinpromotingtradeandculturalexchangesbetweentheEastandtheWest.10,whichispresent-dayXi’an,capitalofShaanxiProvince,passingthroughGansuandXinjiangtoCentralAsia,WestAsia,andtolandsbytheMediterranean.TherewerenosignsofcommunicationbetweenancientChinesecivilizationandMediterraneancivilizationinearlierhistory.InabouttheseventhcenturyBCE,theancientGreeksbegantolearnaboutanancientcivilizationtotheEast,yetknewlittleaboutit.11.YetrealcommunicationbetweenChina,CentralandWestAsiancountries,AfricaandtheEuropeancontinentdidnotdevelopuntiltheopeningoftheSilkRoad.TheSilkRoadfunctionednotonlyasatraderoute,butalsoasabridgethatlinkedtheancientcivilizationsofChina,India,theMesopotamianplains,Egypt,andGreece.12.TheSilkRoadservedasthemainchan