Unit1ScienceFiction语法被动语态课件高中英语人教版选择性

被动语态时态语态结构01被动语态用法02被动语态常考点0304目录即时练习PART-ONE时态语态结构时态语态时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/does一般过去时did一般将来时willdo过去将来时woulddo现在完成时have/hasdone过去完成时haddone现在进行时am/is/aredoing过去进行时was/weredoingam/is/aredonewas/weredonewillbedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone学以致用1.Anewcinema______here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth. A.willbebuilt B.isbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.isbeingbuilt2.—Whydidyouleavethatposition?—I______abetterpositionatIBM.A.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered3.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool______abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sent B.weresent C.hadsent D.hadbeensent学以致用4.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames______open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declared B.weredeclaredC.havedeclared D.havebeendeclared5.Johnhadtohavehiscarrepairedinagaragebecauseit______seriously.A.damaged B.wasbeingdamaged C.haddamaged D.hadbeendamagedPART-TWO被动语态的用法被动语态用法1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由by引导的短语)。

Thebookiswrittenforteachers.

这种书是为教师写的。2)动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带由by引导的短语)。

Theshopisrunbyayoungman.

这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。被动语态用法3)出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。Itisgenerallyconsiderednotadvisabletosmokehere.

一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。4)被动结构能使句子结构安排更好。LiuDehuaappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.

刘德华在台上出现，观众给予了热烈的掌声。

PART-THREE被动语态常考点被动语态常考点1)短语介词或副词切记不可遗漏。Thesebooksmustbetaken

goodcare

of.

Thechildrenwerewelllookedafter.

例.Goodcaremust______babiesparticularlywhiletheyareill.A.take

B.takeofC.betaken

D.betakenof答案D。takecareofbabies

carebetakenofbabies句子主语为care，谓语动词必须用被动语态，所以答案为D。被动语态用法2）可带双宾语的动词的被动，如give,send,take,bring,teach,tell,offer,sing,buy,promise,make,write,ask,lend,show,payWegavehim

somepicture-books.→Hewasgivensomepicture-books.→Somepicture-booksweregiventohim.被动语态常考点3)动词主动表被动：系动词：feel,look,sound,smell,taste,prove,turnouttobe等+形容词/名词.Ice

feelscold.Thenewsprovestobe/turnsouttobetrue.表示主语属性的词：sell,wash,read,wear,write,clean,shut,start,open等，不单独使用，常加修饰语well,easily,smoothly等.Theclothwashes/sellseasily.这布很耐洗/很畅销。Thepoemreadssmoothly.这首诗读起来很顺畅。Thematerialhaswornthin.磨薄了。Thisovencleanseasily.这烤箱容易擦洗。Thedoorwon’tshutandthecarwon’tstart.门关不上，车发动不了。Thelibrarydoesn’topenonSundays.图书馆星期天不开门。被动语态常考点例．Comeandsitdownbythefire.Yourhand______.A．feelssocold

B．isfeltsocoldlyC．feelssocoldly

D．feelsocold答案A。feel（摸起来有……的感觉）seem,sound,look等作为系动词使用，系表结构没有被动语态。

被动语态常考点4)在描写属性的形容词后，句子主语是不定式逻辑上的宾语，因此往往认为形容词后省略了forsomebody,不定式用主动形式。常见形容词有：hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。Theproblemiseasytodo.Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisheavytocarry.Theprojectisimpossibletocompleteinayear.比较：Theproblemistobedone./Thequestionistobeanswered.注意：没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。被动语态常考点5)使役动词(make/let/have)和感官动词(see,watch…)带有复合宾语，变为被动语态时，需要还原在主动语态中省略了的不定式符号to。IhearthegirlsingEnglishsongs.→ThegirlisheardtosingEnglishsongs.被动语态常考点例：Theworkersweremade________tenhoursaday. A.work

B.towork

C.working

D.worked总结：主动语态→make/let/have/see/hearsbdosth被动语态→sbbemade/let/had/seen/heardtodosth被动语态常考点6）want,need,require,deserve和beworth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式doing表示被动意义。Thetablewantscleaning.Thechildrenneedslookingafter.Thecoatrequiresmending.Hedeservespunishingforwhathedid.Thebookisworthreading.被动语态常考点7）非谓语动词的被动语态Thebuildingtobebuiltisanewcinema.Thecarbeingrepairedismine.例.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosed D.toopenandclose被动语态常考点7）有一类接宾语从句的动词，如say,expect,report,think,believe,suppose,consider,know等，其被动语态可以有两种变法。被动语态常考点Peoplesaythatheisanagriculturalscientist.→Itissaidthatheisanagriculturalscientist.→Heissaidtobeanagriculturalscientist.Weexpectthatourteamwillwinthegame.→Itisexpectedthatourteamwillwinthegame.→Ourteamisexpectedtowinthegame.PART-FIVE即时练习即时练习1Whatisdonecannot_____________.(undo)2Janet______________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould___________tothecakemix.(add)4A3,000-seatvenue______________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)beundonewaselectedbeaddedwillbebuilt即时练习5Workingefficiency______________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage____________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)7Itisagreathonourformeto____________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)8WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman'ssalary________________________atthemeeting.(discuss)9WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExamination.Heisexpectedto______________toatopuniversity.(admit)hasbeenimprovedisallowedbeinvitedwasbeingdiscussedbeadmitted即时练习1.TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityduringtheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.(2021年全国甲卷)2.Thelittlehome____________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.(2021年6月浙江卷)wasbuiltwaspainted即时练习Sciencefiction_____________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand____________________.TheThree-BodyProblem,_________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.Readtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresentsetuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnectisregardedexploredwritten即时练习TheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2006andprintedasathree-volumebookin2008.Whenthefirstvolume_________________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,itattractedattentionaroundtheworld,becomingthefirstAsianwinneroftheHugoAwardforBestNovel.Thebook___________________manythemessuchasspaceexploration,aliencontact,AI,andthefutureofhumans.wastranslatedrepresents即时练习TheThree-BodyProblembeginswiththestoriesoftwounrelatedpeople,YeWenjieandWangMiao.Ye_____________tojoinasecretprojectinaremoteareaofChina,which_____________tocontactalienlifeforms.Intheotherstory,set20yearslater,WangMiao______________inapopularonlinegamecalled"ThreeBody",inwhichpeopleliveonanunknownplanetwiththreesuns.ButWangdiscoversitismorethanagame—ituncoversagreatdangerthreateninghumanexistence.isrecruitedhasbeensetupgetscaughtup即时练习Howarethesetwopeople'sstories____________?AndhowwilltheirbehaviourchangeEarth'sfutureandthecivilisationsofotherplanets?Answerstoallthesequestionsarewaitingto________________whenyougoonreading.connectedbediscovered即时练习8.Thethingstalkedaboutinthisreport______overa

yearago.

A.hadtakenplace

B.tookplaceC.havetakenplace

D.weretakenplace答案B。takeplace,occur,happen发生，均为不及物动词词组，没有被动语态。即时练习11.【2011天津卷】Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms____allovertheworld.A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduced【答案】B【解析】句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”inthelastfewyears在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B。即时练习12.【2011上海春招】Alotofpeopleoftenforgetthatoralexams__________totestourcommunicativeability.A.design B.aredesigned C.aredesigning D.arebeingdesigned【答案】B【解析】句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday等时间状语连用。oralexams与design的关系存在着被动，故选B。被动语态用法13.【2011四川卷】Allvisitorstothisvillage_______withkindness.A.treatB.aretreatedC.aretreatingD.hadbeentreated【答案】B【解析】句意为“所有到这个村子的来访者都会受到善意的接待。”表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间，hadbeentreated过去的过去不能用。因此选B。即时练习14.【2011湖南卷】Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnology_______byscientists.aremakingB.aremadeC.willmakeD.willbemade【答案】D【解析】句意为“在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。”inthenearfuture表明了将来的时间，moreadvances与make主谓关系上存在着被动，故选D。即时练习15.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection______.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted解析：选D。complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。即时练习16.ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere______yet.hasn’tbeendecidedB.haven’tdecidedC.isn’tbeingdecidedD.aren’tdecidedA。本题考查动词的时态与语态。句意为：詹姆斯教授要给我们作关于西方文化的讲座，但时间和地点还没决定。由yet可看出用完成时，又因时间与地点是被决定的，故应用被动语态。即时练习17.Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit______.A.hasruined B.hadruined C.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruinedC