Unit+3+The+world+of+Science+Using+language+高一下学期英语外研版（2019）必修三

新外研版Book3UsinglanguageUnit3TheworldofscienceLearningobjectivesInthisclass,youwill●

gettoknowthepresentperfectpassivevoiceandanalysethestructuresofsentences;●learntheusageofthepresentperfectpassiveanddosomeexercises.

Discuss:Whataspectsofchangeinourlifedoestheinventionbringtous?BeforeAfterTransportReadingPaymentEntertainment...aIguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b

Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Lookatthesentencesfromtheinterviewandanswerthequestions.Whathashappenedto“you”insentence(a)?Whohasusednewinventionstomakereplacementheartsandbonepartsinsentence(b)?Someone

has

asked“you"

about

the

title

of

yourbook

before.People

have

used

3D

printers

to

makereplacement

hearts

and

bone

parts.What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?a

Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.cIguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.bNewinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.dPeoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.In

the

first

group,

the

words

inboldshow

the

useof

thepassive

formwith

the

subjects,while

in

thesecond

group,

the

words

inbold

show

the

useof

theactive

form

with

the

subjects.Whydoestheauthorchoosetousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveforminthereadingpassage?The

author

chooses

to

use

the

passive

forminstead

of

the

active

form

to

emphasis

what

hasbeendone,ratherthanwhoorwhatdoestheaction.

.

定义：表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响和结果。常与一些副词连用，如already,ever,never,recently，lastly,just,yet等，通常把副词放在助动词have或has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。表示一直持续到现在的动作或状态。经常与foratime,since,howlong,sofar等表示一段时间的时间状语连用。Thepresentperfectpassivevoice例2：HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEng-lish?

他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗?

例3：Whohasbeeninvented?

谁受到了邀请？

陈述句主语+has/havebeen（not）+P.P.+...例1：Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.

一般疑问句Has/have+主语+been+P.P.+...?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+been+P.P.+...?构成①由finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,marry,open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态,不能与表示段时间的状语，如forfourdays,howlong等连用，而要改换动词或者是时态。

注意事项判断正误:*Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?()

*Howlongagowasthisbookbought?

()XV②短语动词不能分割，而且不能省略短语动词中的介词或副词。

注意事项判断正误:*Thepatienthasbeentakengood

care.

()*Thepatienthasbeentakengood

careof.()XV③并不是所有的动词都有被动语态。如happen,occur,

takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组，就没有被动语态。

注意事项判断正误:*Someofthebestconversationshaveeverhappenedaroundthedinnertable.()*Someofthebestconversationshappenedaroundthedinnertable.()VX④双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。

注意事项主动:Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动:He

hasbeengiven

thekey.被动:Thekey

hasbeengiven

(to)him.⑤带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不动,改成主语补足语。

注意事项

主动:Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动:She

hasbeenasked

tohelpyou.主动语态中作宾语补足语的不带to的不定式变为被动时，要加上to。例：Theengineermadetherobotcleanthewindowsofthetallbuilding.

Therobotwasmadetocleanthewindowsofthetallbuilding.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththesestructuresinthereadingpassage.ThenewageofinventionP26-27.docRewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting-inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!

Many

things

in

our

lives

have

already

been

affected.

3D-printed

hamburgers

have

been

served

to

customers

in

some

restaurants

in

London.

But

perhaps

the

most

significant

success

that

has

been

achieved

to

date

is

inmedicine.

Human

body

parts,

including

a

beating

heart,

have

been

made

with

3D

printingtechnology.

A

new

3D-printed

shell

has

been

given

to

a

turtleinjured

in

a

forest

fire!Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassive

whereappropriate.The

lock

on

the

door

has

been

broken.

The

window

has

been

broken.

My

two

laptops

have

been

stolen.

Beakers

and

test

tubes

have

been

destroyed.

The

book

case

has

been

opened,

and

some

files

havebeen

taken

away

while

others

have

been

throwneverywhere.

The

robot

has

been

damaged.一、用动词正确形式填空。has

developedhave

been

told

foundhave

been

used

have

beenbeenputhelphave

evenbeenput

Exercises1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I____________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Over

timemymemory______________(develop)somuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingI__________________(told).3.Since

the

1970smanynewapplications_______________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso___________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas______(help)withmedicaloperations.5