UNIT4GRAMMARANDUSAGE同位语从句课件高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

01定语从句02名词性从句03状语从句从句类型

名词性从句

nounclause主语从句subjectclause

宾语从句objectclause

表语从句predicativeclause

同位语从句appositiveclauseNounClausesAppositiveClauses一.主语从句放在(be)动词前面的句子Itisaquestion.WhetherIcanattenduniversityisaquestion.Sth.主语从句二.宾语从句放在动词/介词后面的句子Ican’tbelieveit.Ican’tbelievethatyouaresuchagoofball.Sth.宾语从句三.表语从句放在is/was后面的句子,“是……”Theproblemisdifficult.TheproblemisthathecannotspeakEnglish.Sth.表语从句同从的定义Whoisthishero?GametimeamananelderlymandoctorinChina,Thehero,_______,isfamousrecently.2.Thehero,__________________________isfamousrecently.3.Thehero,_________________________________________

________________________isfamousrecently.anelderlymandoctorinChinawhojoinedthebattleagainstnovelcoronavirusamananelderlymandoctorinChinaanelderlymandoctorinChinawhojoinedthebattleagainstnovelcoronavirusHowdidyougettheanswer?Structureandfunctionoftheseexpressions?同位语可以由：

构成。当同位语由句子构成时，就叫

。2.同位语的位置：

,作用:_______________词语、词组、句子同位语从句名词、代词之后解释、说明WonderWonder,afamousmovie,haslotsoffans.Thefactthatthefilmhasabigboxoffice(票房)shockedallofus.抽象名词appositiveclauseappositiveAB==平等地位Iheardthenewsthatwewouldhavetwodaysoffthisweek.Thereissomedoubtwhetherheisfitforthejob.Thequestionwhatweshoulddonextisnotclear.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Shemadearequestthatweshouldhelpher.同位语从句说明的名词大多是____________。常见的可接同位语从句的名词有:抽象名词

news(word)新闻/doubt疑惑/question/problem问题

/idea想法

/request要求

/fact事实/reason

理由/thought想法/order

命令/hope希望/belief信念/message消息/possibility

可能性/

danger

危险

/warning警告

/information

信息/

decision

决定/

truth

真相...Exploring

therulesFindthesentenceswithappositiveclausesinthearticle....,butnoonecandenythefactthattheywereconstructedin13thcenturyBCE.Theywereconstructedin13thcenturyBCE描述fact的内容TheAbuSimbeltemples(阿布辛贝神殿;)inEgyptarethounsandsofyearsoldandittookdecades

tobuildthem.Therearedivisions(分歧)

amonghistoriansoverwhenexactlythe

constructionofthetwintemplesstarted,butnoonecandeny（否认）thefactthatthey

wereconstructedinthe13thcenturyBCE.Inthemid-20thcentury,thetemples

wereunderseriousthreat（处于极大的威胁）.ThegovernmenthaddecidedtobuildtheAswanHigh

Dam（坝）ontheNileandthisstructurewouldcausewaterlevelstorise,whichcouldin

turnflood（涌入）theAbuSimbeltemples.Thisdecisioncausedwidespreadconcernamong

peoplearoundtheworld.Theycouldnotpreventtheconstructionofthe

dam

theyhadnoideawhetherthetemplescouldbesavedfromtherisingwaters.Someexperts,however,hadafeelingthatitwaspossible.UNESCOputtogetheraninternationalteamofarchitects（建筑师）,engineersandheavyequipmentoperators,wholookedatdifferentwaysofsavngthetemples.Atfirst,theyhadnoideawhichwaycouldwork.Finally,theydecidedtotrytotakethetemplesapart,movetheirpartstoanewlocationandthenputthembacktogether.Therewasnoguarantee（保证）thatitwouldwork,sincenoonehadattemptedanythingsimilarbefore.Furthermore,theexpertshadnocluewhetheranypartsofthetempleswouldbreakduringtransport.However,theoperationwascarefullyplannedandtheteameventuallymanagedtorelocatealloftheAbuSimbeltempleswithoutincident.Thissuccessdemonstrates（表明）thepowerofinternationalcooperationintimesof

crisis（危机）.Itisdifficulttoforecast（预测）whatthreats（威胁）ourheritagesiteswillfaceinthefuture,

butwehavethebeliefthatwewillneedthiskindofcooperationinheritage

preservation（保护）.WorkingouttherulesAnappositiveclauseisusuallyplacedafteranabstractnountoexplainitscontent.Weoftenuse(1)_______,(2)_______oraquestionwordtointroduceanappositiveclause.Nounsthatcanbefollowedbyanappositiveclauseincludefact,idea,news,opinion,etc.whetherthatExploringthe

rules同从的引导词01subordinatingconjunction

that/whether02conjunctivepronounswho/what...03conjunctiveadverbswhy/where/how/when...IntroductivewordsDiscussion:Useconjunctionstofilltheblank.

连接词that,whether1)Hetoldmethenews______hewouldcomehomefromabroadsoon.2)Shewasindoubt_________shehadmadetherightdecision.3)Thenewscame_______thenationalteamwonthegame.thatwhetherthat同位语从句可以不紧跟在其解释说明的名词后。小结：that:____意义、______成分、_______省略，只起连接作用whether:_____意义、______成分、_______省略无不作不可有不作不可只用whether引导,不用if。连接代词what,which,who,whom,whoseUseconjunctionstofilltheblank.1)Thequestion_________makesthematterworsepuzzlesme.2)Ihavenoidea____________myclassmateisspeakingwith.3)Ihavenoidea_________hehassaidaboutthematter.4)Hehassomedoubt_________oneIshouldchoose,thebigoneorthesmallone.5)Shehasnoidea_________shoesitwas.whatwho/whomwhatwhichwhose小结：连接代词____意义、______成分、_______省略有作不可连接副词when,where,how,whyUseconjunctionstofilltheblank.1)Youhavenoidea_________worriedIwas!2)Hehassolvedtheproblem_________theTVwasoutoforder.3)Thecouplearediscussingthequestion________theyshouldhavetheirhoneymoonnextmonth.howwhywhere/how小结：连接副词____意义、______成分、_______省略有作不可同位语从句的引导词引导词用法从属连词that无成分，无意义Whether无成分，意为“是否”连接代词what,which,who,whom,…+ever,whose在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语连接副词how,when,where,…+ever,why在从句中充当状语同从的四要点同位语从句的注意点Point

1:

为了保持句子平衡，同位语从句有时可以不紧跟它说明的那个名词后面，而是被其它的词隔开，这种从句叫分割式同位语从句Theproblemwhethertheyshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.同位语从句的注意点Point

2:同位语从句的虚拟语气：在表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词idea,advice,suggestion,request,proposal等后面的同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略Imadeaproposalthatweshouldgetupearlytomorrow.Myproposalisthatweshouldgetupearlytomorrow.Itisproposedthatweshouldgetupearlytomorrow.Iproposedthatweshouldgetupearlytomorrow.

一坚持insist二命令order,command三建议advise,suggest,propose四要求require,request,demand,desire同位语从句的注意点Point

3:

doubt的同位语从句

肯定句后用whether

否定句后用thatThereisnodoubtthatitwashisfriendthatplayedtricksonhim.Thereissomedoubtwhetherhecanadapttothenewsurroundingshere.Idoubtwhetherheisathome.Wedon’tdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.Subjunctivemoodinappositiveclause1.TherewasasuggestionthatBrownsuggestion，request，requirement,order,demand,command,advice,propose...shouldthatsb.doshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.2.Wefollowedhisadvicethatweshouldasktheteacherforhelp.同位语从句句型2：分析句子结构ThestatementbythedriverofthevehiclethathedidnotseethelorrywasrejectedbytheCourt.“名词+定语+同位语从句(that/wh-+陈述句”)Point4Structure同位语从句句型1：Ithinkthesolution,thathehiredareplacement,wasthebestcourseofactionatthetime.我认为这个解决办法，他雇了一个替代者，是当时最好的行动方案。Thequestionwhoshouldreplaceherrequiresconsideration.谁该代替她，这个问题需要考虑。Point4Structure“名词+同位语从句(that/wh-+陈述句)”同位语从句句型3：分析句子结构Evidencecameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.“名词+谓语+同位语从句(that/wh-+陈述句”)Point4Structure一、引导词怎么选一判二判判断是否是名词性从句判断从句是否完整缺成分不缺成分缺人：who/whom缺东东：what缺定语：“哪个”——which；“谁的”——whose语义完整：that语义不完整：when、where、why、how、悬而未决：whether1Someholdthebelief_________theycanalwaysfindmorewaysofsolvingproblems.2Thedecision_________wewillhavethecelebrationnextmonthhasnotbeenmade.3Weworkashardaswecanintheknowledge_________oureffortswilleventuallypayoff.4Doesanyonehaveanyidea_________hashappenedtoPaul?Whyhasn'thecomeyet?5Sheraisedtheproblem_________wecouldimprovecommunicationbetweenmanagersandstaff.thatthatwhetherwhathowP766Wehavejustreceivedawarning_________astormisontheway.Weneedtogetprepared.7Thereissomedoubtamongthestudents_________thetravelplanwillbecancelled.8Manypeoplerespondedpositivelytothesuggestion_________weshouldraisemoneyforlocalcharities.9Wehadaheateddiscussiononthequestion_________onlinelearningwasbettersuitedforhighschoolstudents.10MrSmithreallyhasnoidea_________iswrongwiththeirprogramme.thatwhetherwhetherthatwhatP76区别定从和同从同位语从句的注意点定语从句和同位语从句的辨别that是否知道名词的内容名词和从句见加be，是否构成表语从句Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.同位语从句PK定语从句：假定还原法同位语从句的定义常见的后跟同位语从句的名词：fact(事实）,news(消息）,hope(希望），idea(主意），truth(事实），evdence（证据），suggestion（建议），problem/question（问题）,opinion（观点）等常见的后跟定语从句的名词：news,village,factory,place,thegirl,thebook,theday等都是抽象名词！！！可抽象可具体~~DoyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespentthewinterholidaysinHainan?when引导的是一个定语从句，先行词days是表示时间的词；Ihadnoideawhenyouwerehere.when引导的是一个同位语从句，被修饰的词是idea，不表示时间．1.被修饰或说明的词when,where,why引导定语从句时,先行词分别是表时间，地点和原因的具体名词；而三者引导同位语从句时，先行词应该是抽象名词．区别定从和同从I’llneverforgetthetimewhenIwasayounggirl.Shehadnoideawhenwhenthisaccidenthappened. 1949wastheyearwhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasestablished.Thisisthevillagewherehisgrandparentslive.区别定从和同从2.连接词When,where，why引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，没有指代作用；When,where，why引导定语从句时，具有指代先行词的作用，在从句中作状语，可以转换成“介词＋关系代词”的形式。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreally

encouraging.Summary(3):同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处在从句中充当成分吗？在从句中充当成分吗？that

同位语从句

定语从句不作成分，无意义，不能省指代先行词，作成分，作宾语可省Tip:名词与从句之间加上is,连接成句，则为同位语从句。Thenewsisthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatch定语从句用还原法Thenewsthatyoutoldus(thenews)Ihaveahopethatallofyouwillgotocollege.2.Ihatethefactthathetoldme.3.Ihatethefactthathealwaystellslies4.Titanicistheshipthatsankintotheocean.5.Hemadeanexcuse

thathiscarbrokedownontheway.同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句将两个单句改写为含有同位语从句的复合句.Ihaveasuggestion.suggestion:youshouldtreatmemoregently

Ihaveasuggestion.suggestion:youshouldtreatmemoregentlyIhaveasuggestionyoushouldtreatmemoregently.that同位语从句究竟是什么？Ihaveadream.dream:Icangetmorepocketmoney

Ihaveadream.dream:IcangetmorepocketmoneyIhaveadreamIcangetmorepocketmoney.thatIhaveaquestion.question:whytherearesomanypimplesonyourface

Ihaveaquestion.question:whytherearesomanypimplesonyourfaceIhaveaquestionwhytherearesomanypimplesonyourface.Readthesentencesbelowandticktheonewithappositiveclauses.1WehavenodoubtthatUNESCOistryingtoprotecttheheritagesites.2Thiswasthecluethathelpedthepolicefindthemanwhohaddestroyedtheancientstatues.对doubt内容进行描述代替clue3Manypeopledonotknowthereasonwhythisheritagesiteisthreatened.4Thereisnoquestionwhetherweshouldprotectoursharedheritage--wesimplyhaveto.5IwanttoplanmytripbutIhavenoideawhenthetempleswillopen.why修饰reason对question内容进行描述对idea内容进行描述ChrismeetswithMissMatodiscussUNESCO’sworkrelatedtoheritagepreservation.Completetheconversationbelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformappositiveclauses.Chris:Sorrytointerruptyou,MissMa.I’mwritinganarticleaboutUNESCO’sworkonheritagepreservation.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutit?MissMa:Sure.In1972,theConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritagewasadoptedbytheGeneralConferenceofUNESCO.Exercise2:Chris:ButI’veheardsomepeoplehaveseriousdoubts_______theWorldHeritageConventionreallyhelps.MissMa:Sure,itdoes.Itlinkstheconceptsofnatureconservationandthepreservationofculturalpropertiestogether.ApartfromtheConvention,theWorldHeritageCommitteewasestablishedin1976andpassedthemotion_______weshouldprotectourculturalandnaturalheritagesites.whetherthatChris:Isee.CanyoutellmewhattheWorldHeritageCommitteedoes?MissMa:Ofcouse.Forexample,itvotestodeterminewhichsitesaretobelistedasUNESCOheritagessitesandmonitorsthestateofconservation.Chris:That’samazing.IsChinaoneoftheUNESCOStatesParties?MissMa:Yes.Doyouhaveanyidea_________ChinesepropertiesareontheWorldHeritageList?howmany1Thereissomedoubt_________wecanfinishtheworkontime.2Ihavenoidea________istobedonenext.3Wewereveryexcitedatthenews______ourfootballteamwon.4Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt________acureforAIDSwillbefound.5Doyouhaveanyidea________isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?

whether

what

that

that

whatExercise3:6Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.7Thereisanewproblemin