人教版初一(下)英语第8讲：unit-4-语法篇(教师版)

Unit4语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。祈使句一、祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。二、祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1.行为动词原形＋其它成分。例如：Makesentencesafterthemodel.根据例句造句。2.Be动词＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.过马路时要小心。3.Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其它成分。例如：Lethimgobacknow.让他现在回去吧。三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Do’t，构成『Don’t＋行为动词原形＋其它成分』。例如：Don’tsaythatagain!别再那样说了！2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成『Don’tbe＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)』。例如：Don’tbecareless.不要粗心。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。3.Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。例如：Don’tletmegowithhertomorrow.＝Letmenotgowithhertomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。Let’snottellherthetruthwheneverwemeether.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用『No＋名词/V-ing形式』结构，表示『禁止做某事』。例如：NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照！四.祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：1.祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用willyou；表示邀请、劝说时，用won」tyou。例如：Besuretowritetous,willyou?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？Cometohavedinnerwithusthisevening,won’tyou?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2.祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用willyou。例如：Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3.Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shallwe外，其它均用willyou。例如：Lettheboygofirst,willyou?让个那男孩先走，好吗？Let’stakeawalkaftersupper,shallwe?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？情态动词must和haveto情态动词用法例句must表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比should，oughtto强烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不准，不应该，禁止”等意Youmustcometoschoolontime.Everybodymustobeythelaw.Youmustn’tdrivesofastinthestreet.Wemustn’twasteanymoretime.在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用needn’t或don’thaveto，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t1．—MustIcomebackbeforeten?—Yes，youmust.(No,youneedn’t)表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、相必”，只用于肯定句中Itmustbemymother.Youmustbehungryafterawalk.Theremustbeaholeinthewall.havetohaveto“必须，不得不”，意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则往往强调客观需要。Thefilmisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.Ihavetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而haveto则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。1．IhadtoworkhardwhenIwasyourage.2．Iwillhavetolearnhowtouseacomputer.3．Inordertotaketheexam,we’llhavetofinishthewholebookbytheendofthismonth.两者的否定意义不同，mustn’t表示“禁止，不许”，don’thaveto表示不必。Youmustn’tgothere.Youdon’thavetogothere.1.【2015年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】Look!Thetrafficlighthasturnedred.We_____stopourcar. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t【答案】C 试题分析：句意：看！交通灯成了红灯。我们必须停车。turnred灯成了红灯；stopsth.停止某物。A.can能；B.can’t不能；C.must必须；D.mustn’t千万别，一定不要。根据常识可知红灯停，这是必须的，故选C。2.【山东省泰安市2015年中考英语试题】Nowadays.allpassengersgothroughsafetycheckbeforetakeatrain.A.can B.may C.must D.will【答案】C试题分析：句意：现在，所有的乘客在上火车之前都必须过安检。A.can能；B.may可以；C.must必须D.will将要。结合现在的实际情况，可知是必须，故选C。3.【德州市二O一五年初中学业水平考试英语试题】—Mr.Wang,mustIcomeagaintocleantheclassroomonSunday?—No,you____.IhaveaskedKatetodoit.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t【答案】C试题分析：句意：-王老师，我星期天必须再回来打扫教室吗？-不，不必，我已经让Kate去做了。can’t不能，不会；mustn’t禁止，不要；needn’t不必，没有必要；shouldn’t不应该。must的一般疑问句的回答中，肯定回答仍用must,否定回答用needn’t，故应选C。4.【江苏省盐城市2015年中考英语试题】Daniel,___playwiththemobilephonewhileyou'rewalkinginthestreet.A.don't B.doesn't C.won't D.can't【答案】A 试题分析：句意：Daniel，当你在街上散步的时候不要玩手机。don’t不要；doesn’t用于主语是第三人称单数的时候；won’t不会，是willnot的缩写；can’t不能，不会。这是一个祈使句，Daniel并不是句子的主语，而且是否定的形式，故在句首应该用don’t，选A。5.【河南省2015年中考英语试题】kindandhelpfultothepeoplearoundus,andwewillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein.A.Be B.BeingC.Tobe D.Been【答案】A试题分析：句意：善良，乐于帮助我们周围的人，我们将会让世界变得更美好。“祈使句+and+简单句”是一个常用句型，这里的祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，后面的简单句则相当于主句。而祈使句通常以原形动词开头，所以选A。6.________inbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.A.NottoreadB.Don’treadC.Don’ttoreadD.Notread【答案】B【解析】祈使句的否定句应该为Don’tdo，所以选B。基础演练一、单项选择1.

picturebooksinclass,please.A.NotreadB.NoreadC.NotreadingD.Don'tread2.Ssh!

talkloudly.Thebabyissleepingrightnow.A.DoB.DoesC.Don'tD.Doesn't3.Doyou

wearauniformatschool?A.mustB.havetoC.mayD.can4.You

stopwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.A.canB.hadbetterC.needD.must5.---

yougiveyourseattothisoldman?---Ofcourse.A.CanB.ShallC.NeedD.Must二、按要求转换句型6.Throwthatpieceofpaperaway.(改为否定祈使句)

thatpieceofpaperaway.7.Picksomeflowers,please.(改为否定祈使句)

pick

flowers,please.8.Ihavetolookaftermyself.(改为否定句)I

lookaftermyself.9.Andyhastostudyforatest.(改为一般疑问句)

Andy

studyforatest?10.IcantalktoJenny'smother.(改为一般疑问句)

talktoJenny'smother?三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)11.请找布朗先生接电话好吗?

speaktoMr.Brown?12.在周末我喜欢去那儿，但是我得先做一些家务活。I

gothereonweekends,butI

somehouseworkfirst.13.地球是我们美丽的家园,我们必须保持地球清洁。Theearthisourbeautifulhome.We

.14.不要在街道上打篮球。

inthestreet.15.禁止在草上行走。

onthegrass.答案一、单项选择1.D 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A 二、按要求转换句型6.Don'tthrow7.Don't,any8.don'thaveto9.Does,haveto10.Canyou三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)11.Can/May/CouldI12.liketo;havetodo13.mustkeepitclean14.Don'tplaybasketball15.Don'twalk巩固提高1.Doyourhomeworkathome.(改为否定句)

yourhomeworkathome.2.Doyouhaveagoodtimeatschool?(改为同义句)Doyouhave

atschool?3.Icaneatinthedininghall.(就划线部分提问)

youeat?4.Pleasekeepquietinclass.(改为同义句)Don'tbe

inclass.5.Mustweeatinthehallways?(作否定回答)

,

.6.Youcan'tlistentomusicintheclassroom.(改为祈使句)

musicintheclassroom.7.Gooutonschoolnights.(改为否定句)

outonschoolnights.8.Shehastowashthedishesaftermeals.(改为一般疑问句)

she

washthedishesaftermeals?9.Wecaneatlunchatourschool.(改为以Let's开头的句子)

lunchatourschool.10.Don'tdrawpicturesontheblackboard.(改为肯定句)

ontheblackboard.1.Don'tdo2.fun3.Wherecan4.noisy5.No,youneedn't6.Don'tlistento7.Don'tgo8.Does,haveto9.Let'seat10.Drawpictures一、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)1.她会说一点儿中文。She

speakalittleChinese.2.---学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？---不，他们不能。---Canthestudentsruninthehallways?---No,they

.3.---我能在教室里吃东西吗？---不，你不能。---

I

intheclassroom?---No,youcan't.4.你上课不要接电话。You

answerthetelephoneinclass.5.我10点钟之前不得不上床睡觉。I

gotobedbefore10:00.二、按要求转换句型6.Willyoupleasenotopenthewindow?(改为祈使句)

thewindow.7.Wehavetocleantheroom.(就划线部分提问)

doyouhaveto

?8.Shehastodoherhomework.(改为否定句)She

doherhomework.9.Ihavetostayathomeonrainydays.(改为一般疑问句并作出否定回答)

you

stayathomeonrainydays?No,I

.10.Youdon'thavetogetupsoearly.(改为同义句)You

getupsoearly.三、完形填空Everyschoolhasitsownrules.Howmany11

arethereinyourschool?Atsomeschools,thestudents12

towearuniformsonschooldays.Butmanystudentsdon'tliketowearuniforms.Theythinktheuniformsaretheugliest13

intheworld.Buttheschoolsdon'tallowthestudentstowear14

ownclothesatschool.Sosomestudentsdrawcartoonsorsomefamoussingersontheir15

.Theythinkitisvery16

thateveryonewearsthesame.Itisveryunfair(不公平的)thattheteachersandthestudentsarewearing17

.Butmostofthestudents18

therules.Whatdoyouthink19

it?Doyou20

yourschooluniforms?11.A.studentsB.rulesC.uniformsD.rulers12.A.hasB.mustC.shouldD.have13.A.clothesB.shirtsC.skirtsD.cloth14.A.theirB.theyC.themD.themselves15.A.schoolbagsB.booksC.uniformsD.desks16.A.boredB.boringC.interestingD.interested17.A.sameB.differentlyC.differentD.thesame18.A.obeyB.agreeC.listenD.listento19.A.ofB.aboutC.byD.for20.A.likeB.makeC.washD.puton一、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)1.can2.can't3.Can;eat4.mustn't5.haveto二、按要求转换句型6.Don'topen7.What,do8.doesn'thaveto9.Do,haveto;don't10.needn't三、完形填空11.B 12.D 13.A 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.A __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、单项选择1.---What'syourteacherlike?---Sheisalwaysstrict

us.A.inB.withC.to2.Mr.Blackalwaysgoestowork

time.Heisneverlate.A.atB.onC.inD.with3.---

Igooutwithmyfriends,Mom?---No,youcan't.Youmustdoyourhomeworkfirst.A.MustB.HavetoC.DoD.Can4.OnSundayIhavetogotothefarm

myparents.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped5.---Whataretherulesatyourschool?---Don'truninthehallwaysand

arrivelateforclass.A.nottoB.won'tC.don'tD.no6.Thereare

peopleinthehallandthereare

noise(噪音)init.A.toomany;toomuchB.toomany;muchtooC.toomuch;toomanyD.toomuch;muchtoo7.Ourclassroomis

.Wemustcleanit.A.dirtyB.sorryC.quietD.noisy8.---Whatdoyoudoafterdinner?---I

.A.havebreakfastB.havelunchC.getupearlyD.watchTV9.---Whatareyourrulesathome?---Ihavetogotobed

ten.A.afterB.beforeC.inD.on10.---Areyouhappy?---

.Ihavealotofrules.A.Yes,IamB.Yes,IdoC.No,I'mnotD.No,Idon't二、完形填空MynameisLiXia.Iamamiddleschoolstudent.Asastudent,Ihavemanyrules.Ican'tbelate11

class.Imust12

ontime.Ican'truninthehallways.Ican't13

intheclassroom.Imusteatinthedininghall.I14

listentomusicintheclassroom,butIcanlistentoitoutside.Ihavetowearmyschool15

everyday.Ican'twearahat.Intheschoollibrary,wemustbequiet.Wecan'ttalkloudlyorlaughloudly.Athome,Ihavetogetupearlyandhelpmymom16

breakfast.Ihavetomakethebedand17

mybedroomeverymorning.Ican'twatchTV18

playcomputergames19

schoolnights.Onweekends,Ihavetopracticetheguitarandthepiano.Ican'tplay20

onschooldays.Iamnothappy.WhatcanIdo?11.A.toB.withC.forD.in12.A.amB.isC.areD.be13.A.fightB.eatC.singD.dance14.A.can'tB.canC.doD.don't15.A.bookB.shoeC.uniformD.rules16.A.doB.makeC.todoesD.tomakes17.A.makeB.eatC.cleanD.follow18.A.orB.andC.withD.for19.A.inB.atC.onD.with20.A.thebasketballB.thesoccerC.volleyballD.piano三、阅读理解TodayisSunday,andtherewillbeaconcert(音乐会)atHongHeConcertHallat7:00p.m.Mr.Smitharrivesthereearly,andheisreadingthe"NoticetotheAudience(听众须知)".NoticetotheAudience1.Dressneatly(整洁)anddon'twearslippers(拖鞋)intotheconcerthall.2.Don'ttakefoodordrinkintothehall.3.Don'ttakechildrenunder1.2minheightintotheconcerthall.4.Keepoffallbeepersandmobilephones(手机)duringtheconcert.5.Don'ttakephotosduringtheconcert.6.Don'tsmokeintheconcerthall.21.Whatdayisittoday?A.It'sSaturday.B.It'sSunday.C.It'sMonday.D.It'sFriday.22.Whattimeisitnow?A.7:00a.m.B.Before7:00inthemorning.C.7:00p.m.D.Before7:00p.m.23.Mr.Smithis

.A.listeningtotheconcertB.waitingforhisfriendsC.readingthenoticeD.watchingamovie24.Theaudiencehaveto

.A.wearslippersB.makephonecallsC.eatordrinksomethingD.dressneatly25.WhichisRIGHT?A.Childrenunder1.2mcan'tcomeintothehall.B.Peoplewithnobeepersormobilephonescan'tcomeintothehall.C.Ifyouwant,youcansmokeinthehall.D.Youcantakesomephotosduringtheconcert.四、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)26.Ithinkstudentsshouldfollowtheschoolr

.27.Wehavetobeq

inthelibrary.28.Don'tgooutb

youfinishyourhomework.29.Theroomistoosmall.Let'sgoo

.30.IlearnhowtousethecomputerandIf

veryhappy.五、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)31.Don'tbe

(noise)intheclassroom.32.Ifeelvery

(relax)afterhavingagoodrest.33.Ihavetodothe

(dish)afterdinner.34.Ihavemanystorybooks,butTomhas

(many).35.Pleasekeepyoureyes

(close).六、对话7选5A:Hello,LiLei.36.

B:Wecan'tarrivelateforclass.A:37.

B:No,wecan't.Butwecaneatinthedininghall.A:Canyoulistentomusicinthehallways?B:No,wecan't.38.

A:Doyouhavetowearuniforms?B:39.

A:40.

B:Yes,Ido,ormyparentswillbeangry(生气).A:IhavetodomyhomeworkfirstwhenIgethome.A.Canyoueatintheclassroom?B.Doyouhavetofinishyourhomeworkafterschool?C.Whatareyourschoolrules?D.Yes,wedo.E.Andwecan'twearhatsatschool.七、选词填空(短文选词填空)latefirstparentsstrictleavingsayourfollowearlyafterOurClassRulesOurheadteacherisvery41.

withus.Hemakesmanyrulesforusandasksusto42.

them.Wehavetogetup43.

inthemorning.Allofusmustbeontimeforclass.Wecan'tarrive44.

.Wecan'tfightinoroutofclass.Ifwefight,hewillcallour45.

.Wecan'teatortalkloudlyinclass.Wemustlistentotheteachercarefully(认真地).46.

class,wecan'trunorlistentomusicinthehallway.Wehavetowear47.

uniformsatschool.Wecan'twearahatinclass.Whenwegethome,wemustdohomework48.

.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Whenwegettoschooleverymorning,wemust49.

"hello"toalltheteachersandsay"Goodbye"when50.

school.八、阅读与表达(问答式)(101中学初一下期中考试)Haveyoueverhadproblemsinyourlifeanddon'tknowhowtobehappy?Ifso,youwillfindthebookBeingaHappyTeenagerisveryuseful,whichiswrittenbyanAustralianwriterAndrewMatthews.AndrewMatthewsworksasawriter,cartoonist(卡通画家)andspeaker.Hisbookshavebeentranslatedinto20languages.Hehasbeenonover2000radiosandTVprograms.Inthisbook,Matthewstellsushowtohaveahappylifeandanswersthequestionsofteenagers.Therearemanytopicssuchasparentsandfriends,andthebooksaysweshouldstopbeingangryandlearntoforgive(原谅).Thebooktellsusofusefulskillssuchashowtoputwhatyouhavelearnedintopicturesofyourmindtomakeyourmemorybetter.Manyteenagersthinkthathappinesscomesfromagoodexammarksorpraisefromotherpeople.Butyoucanstillbehappywhentherearenosuch"good"things.Successcomesfromagoodattitude(态度).Ifyoulearnfromproblems,youwillhavesuccessinthefuture.Someschoolboyshaveproblemssuchasbeingtootallortooshort.ButMatthewstellsushappinesscomesfromthinkingaboutthingsinapositive(积极的)way.Ifyouaretall,peoplenoticeyouandyoucangetabetterview(视线)atthemovie;ifyouareshort,yourclothesandshoestakelessroominyourbedroom!ThisisMatthews'mostimportantlesson:Youchoosetobehappy!根据短文内容，完成下列小题。51.IsMatthewsAustralian?52.WhatdoesMatthewsdo?53.Doessuccesscomefromagoodattitudeornot?54.Howshouldyouthinkaboutthingsifyouaretootallortooshort?(nomorethan1