2022-2023学年贵州省遵义市红花岗区高三上学期第一次联考英语试题

红花岗区2023届高三第一次联考英语试题注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的学校、班级、考号、姓名填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后再选涂其他答案标号;非选择题必须使用毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上，要求书写工整、规范。在试卷上答题无效。3.考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APeopleoftenwonderaboutsomeofthebestplacestosee.AgoodpointofreferenceistofirstlookatattractionslabeledasUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.ThesesitesareculturallyorphysicallysignificantplaceslistedbytheUnitedNationsfortheirimportancetohumanityasawhole.Let’sseesomeofthem!TheMogaoCaves,ChinaAlsoknownastheMogaoGrottoes,thecavesarelocatedalongthecliffside(峭璧)abovetheDaquanRiverinGansuprovince.Firstbuiltin366andcomprising492caves,theMogaoCavesareknownasthebiggestcollectionofBuddhistartintheworld.AsalandmarkorthehistoricSilkRoad,theRedwoodNationalPark,LyinginthemountainousregionnorthofSanFranciscoinCalifornia,US.theRedwoodNationalParkissignificantforitscollectionofredwoodtrees—thetallestandoldesttreesintheworld—aswellasitsvarietyofseaandlandwildlife.Onceabundantthroughoutthetemperate(MachuPicchu,SituatedintheAndesMountains,thisfascinatingancientcityisremarkablebothforitsbeautifulsettingaswellasitsuseofcomplexcityplanning.Standingat2,430metersabovesealevel,thecityofMachuPicchuiscoveredwithbothmistandmystery.Researchershaveyettouncoverthecity’sroleintheIncan(印加族的)empire’suseofastronomyandplantdomestication(1.WhatcanyoulearnfromtheMogaocaves?A.Theywerebuiltonsteepcliff.B.Theyhavethelargestartcollection.C.Theywerebuiltfivecenturiesago.D.Theyperfectlyexhibitedarthistory.2.WhyisRedwoodA.Becauseitliesinthemountainousregion.B.Becauseithasanumberofredwoodtrees.C.Becauseithasatemperateandmildclimate.D.Becauseithasvarioustallestandoldesttrees.3.WhatdoweknowaboutMachuPicchu?A.Itshighaltitudemakestheplacewell-known.B.Itscomplexcityplanningenjoysthebestfame.C.Themistsurroundingthecityaddedtoitsbeauty.D.TheIncancultureisstillamysteryforresearchers.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍3个被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产的景点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据TheMogaoCaves,China部分“AlsoknownastheMogaoGrottoes,thecavesarelocatedalongthecliffside(峭璧)abovetheDaquanRiverinGansuprovince.(这些洞穴也被称为莫高窟，位于甘肃省大泉河上方峭璧上。)”可知，莫高窟被建在陡峭的悬崖峭壁上，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据RedwoodNationalPark,US部分“LyinginthemountainousregionnorthofSanFranciscoinCalifornia,US.theRedwoodNationalParkissignificantforitscollectionofredwoodtrees—thetallestandoldesttreesintheworld—aswellasitsvarietyofseaandlandwildlife.(位于美国加利福尼亚州旧金山以北的山区。红杉树国家公园因其拥有很多的红杉树——世界上最高和最古老的树木，以及各种海洋和陆地野生动物而具有重要意义。)”可知，红杉树国家公园因拥有很多的红杉树而重要，故选【3题详解】细节理解题。根据MachuPicchu,Peru部分“Standingat2,430metersabovesealevel,thecityofMachuPicchuiscoveredwithbothmistandmystery.Researchershaveyettouncoverthecity’sroleintheIncan(印加族的)empire’suseofastronomyandplantdomestication(驯化).(马丘比丘城海拔2430米，被迷雾和神秘所笼罩。研究人员尚未发现这座城市在印加帝国使用天文学和植物驯化中的作用。)”可知，科学家并未发现印加族的文化。印加族的文化对科学家来说仍然是谜。故选D。BWhenIfoundanadvertisementforaconferencebychance,Icouldn’twaittotellmycoworkers.Itlookedlikeagreatdayofpresentationshighlyrelevanttoourresearch,andIexpectedtheywouldbeeagertoattendwithme.However,noonewasinterested.Ayearearlier,IleftIndiafortheUnitedKingdomtopursuemyresearchcareer.Atwork,Ishiedawayfromengagingindiscussionsorputtingforwardmyopinions.IwasafraidmycoworkerswouldrealizehowweakIreallyfelt.Somemorningsjuststeppingoutofmyroomandgoingintothelabseemedatoughtask.Socializingdidn’thelp,asIconstantlyfearedcommittingsocialmistakes.Ilongedfornewexperiences,butmyinsecuritiespreventedme.Istartedtokeepmoreandmoretomyself.Thatbegantochangeafteraquietbreakdowninthelabprompted(促使)metocontacttheuniversity’smentalhealthservices.TheconsultantsuggestedIattendanearbyconcertbyafamoussingerfrommyhomecountry.Icouldn’tmissit.So,thereIwasinthepackedconcerthall,surroundedbystrangers—allofusclappingandsingingthechorusesofthefamiliarsongs.Itwasabeautifulnight,anditprovedtobeaturningpoint.Mygrowingself-confidencecarriedoverintomywork,whereIstartedtospeakupandputforwardmyopinions.Iofferedtohelpcoworkersdesignandtroubleshootexperiments.Ibegantoaskquestionsduringdepartmentalmeetings.Ifinallyfeltlikeanactivememberofthegroup.So,whenthatconferencecamearound,Ifeltcomfortableregisteringtoattendonmyown-andI’msogladIdid.NotonlydidImeetthespeakers,butIalsointroducedmyselftootherattendees.Theencountersinspiredmetocriticallyevaluatemyownprofessionalinterests.4.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelatfirstabouthiscoworkers’response?AEager. B.Worried. C.Disappointed. D.Uninterested.5.Whydidtheauthorcontactthementalhealthservices?A.Hewantedtosolveaconflict. B.Hestruggledtoconductresearch.C.Heoftenmadebigmistakesinsocializing. D.Helackedconfidenceinanewenvironment.6.Whathappenedduringtheconcert?A.Theauthorgottheconsultant’shelp. B.Theauthorsangalongwiththestrangeaudience.C.Theauthormetwithapreviouscoworker. D.Theauthorconnectedasongwithhisresearch.7.Whatdidtheauthordoatlast?A.Hewenttotheconferencealone. B.Heturnedtoexpertsforadvice.C.Hetookfullchargeofthelab. D.Hechangedhisprofessionalinterests.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者曾经害怕犯社交错误而不跟人来往，后来联系了大学的心理健康服务机构后情况开始变化，作者的自信不断增长，并延续到工作中。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“WhenIfoundanadvertisementforaconferencebychance,Icouldn’twaittotellmycoworkers.Itlookedlikeagreatdayofpresentationshighlyrelevanttoourresearch,andIexpectedtheywouldbeeagertoattendwithme.However,noonewasinterested.(当我偶然发现一个会议的广告时，我迫不及待地告诉我的同事。看起来这是一个与我们的研究高度相关的演讲的伟大的一天，我希望他们会渴望和我一起参加。然而，没有人感兴趣。)”可知，对于同事们的反应，作者一开始可能会感到失望，故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Socializingdidn’thelp,asIconstantlyfearedcommittingsocialmistakes.Ilongedfornewexperiences,butmyinsecuritiespreventedme.Istartedtokeepmoreandmoretomyself.Thatbegantochangeafteraquietbreakdowninthelabpromptedmetocontacttheuniversity’smentalhealthservices.(社交并没有帮助我，因为我总是害怕犯社交错误。我渴望新的体验，但我的不安全感阻止了我。我开始越来越不跟人来往了。在实验室里的一次安静的崩溃促使我联系了大学的心理健康服务机构后，情况开始发生了变化。)”可知，作者联系心理健康服务机构是因为他在新环境中缺乏信心。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“So,thereIwasinthepackedconcerthall,surroundedbystrangers—allofusclappingandsingingthechorusesofthefamiliarsongs.(所以，我在拥挤的音乐厅里，被陌生人包围着——我们所有人都在鼓掌，合唱着熟悉的歌曲。)”可知，音乐会期间作者和陌生的观众一起唱歌。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So,whenthatconferencecamearound,Ifeltcomfortableregisteringtoattendonmyown-andI’msogladIdid.(所以，当那个会议召开的时候，我很乐意自己报名参加——我很高兴我这么做了。)”可知，作者最后一个人去参加了那个会议。故选A。CManyofuswereluckyenoughtohavesomedegreeofchoiceoverwhatweeat.Butarethedecisionswemakeasfreeaswethink?Whatifthereissomethingotherthanourownhungerthatinfluenceswhatweeat?Lookthroughsocialmediasitesandyouwillseepictureafterpictureofperfectlypresentedandextremelydelicious-lookingmeals.Whilethesmellandtasteoffoodcanhaveapowerfuleffectonourappetite,areendlesspostsofsteamingsnacksandinvitingdishesmorethanjustafeastforoureyes?Certainly,itappearswe’rehugelyinfluencedbyotherpeople—especiallythoseclosesttous—whenitcomestowhatweeat.Oureatinghabitsarealsoinfluencedbywhatwesee.“Thereissomeevidencethatifyouseepicturesoffood,thatvisualstimulationcanmakeyoufeeladesiretoeat,”saysaUKscientist.Butsocialmediaisoneplacewheresocialandvisualaspectsmeet.Thereisevidencethatiffriendsinyoursocialnetworkpostregularlyaboutparticulartypesoffood,itcouldleadyoutocopythem.Ifallyourfriendsonsocialmediaarepostingpicturesofthemselvesconsumingfastfood,it’sgoingtocauseyoutoformafalsebeliefthateatingfastfoodiswhatallpeopledo.Researchsuggestsphotosoffastfoodaremorelikelytomakeusfeelgood.Humanstendto,naturally,seekouthigh-caloriefood—anabilitythathelpedourancestorssurvivewhentheyhunterforfood.Incomparison,healthierfoodsareoftenseenasboring.Scientistsarebecomingincreasinglyconcernedaboutfood-relatedcontentonsocialmediawhichismakingusthinkingdifferentlyaboutfood.Socialmediaalgorithms(算法)promotecontentthatusersrespondmore,soviewingmoreunhealthyfoodmeansseeingevenmoreofitonoursocialmedia.8.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Socialmediamayaffectourownfoodchoices.B.Socialmediashouldbeprohibited.C.Wealwayschoosewhatweeatatwill.D.It’sinappropriatetoignorefriends’postsofdishes.9.Whatcanbeinferredaboutphotosoffriendseatingfastfood?ATheyaretime-consuming.B.Theyareallmade-up.C.Theyareabondoffriendship.D.Theycanbemisleading.10.Whyarephotosoffastfoodmorelikelytomakeusfeelgood?A.Theyaremorebeautiful.B.Theyareassociatedwithhealth.C.Thecauseisbiologicallyrooted.D.Thecauseishardtoexplain.11.Howdoscientistsfeelaboutfood-relatedcontentonsocialmedia?A.It’sinspiring. B.It’sappealing. C.It’sworrying. D.It’sboring.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。有研究表明：社交媒体上的快餐美食照片可能会影响我们自己的食物选择，文章剖析其中的原因，科学家为此很是担忧，因为社交媒体算法会推广用户反应更多的内容，浏览更多不健康食品的人会被推送到更多不健康食品的信息。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中第四句开始“Lookthroughsocialmediasitesandyouwillseepictureafterpictureofperfectlypresentedandextremelydelicious-lookingmeals.Whilethesmellandtasteoffoodcanhaveapowerfuleffectonourappetite,areendlesspostsofsteamingsnacksandinvitingdishesmorethanjustafeastforoureyes?(浏览社交媒体网站，你会看到一张又一张呈现完美、看起来极其美味的饭菜的图片。虽然食物的气味和味道对我们的食欲有很大的影响，但没完没了的热气腾腾的小吃和诱人的菜肴是否不仅仅是我们的视觉盛宴呢？)”和第二段中“Certainly,itappearswe’rehugelyinfluencedbyotherpeople—especiallythoseclosesttous—whenitcomestowhatweeat.(当然，在我们吃什么的问题上，我们似乎在很大程度上受到他人的影响，尤其是那些与我们最亲近的人)”可知，作者认为社交媒体可能会影响我们自己的食物选择。故选A项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Ifallyourfriendsonsocialmediaarepostingpicturesofthemselvesconsumingfastfood,it’sgoingtocauseyoutoformafalsebeliefthateatingfastfoodiswhatallpeopledo.(如果你所有的朋友都在社交媒体上发布自己吃快餐的照片，这会让你产生一种错误的想法，认为吃快餐是所有人都会做的事情。)”可知，朋友吃快餐的照片可能具有误导性。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Researchsuggestsphotosoffastfoodaremorelikelytomakeusfeelgood.Humanstendto,naturally,seekouthigh-caloriefood—anabilitythathelpedourancestorssurvivewhentheyhuntedforfood.(研究表明，快餐的照片更容易让我们感觉良好。人类自然地倾向于寻找高热量的食物——这种能力帮助我们的祖先在狩猎时生存下来。)”可知，快餐照片更容易让我们感觉良好，其原因可追溯到喜欢高热量食物的人类的祖先，所以有生物性根源。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中最后两句“Scientistsarebecomingincreasinglyconcernedaboutfood-relatedcontentonsocialmediawhichismakingusthinkingdifferentlyaboutfood.Socialmediaalgorithms(算法)promotecontentthatusersrespondmore,soviewingmoreunhealthyfoodmeansseeingevenmoreofitonoursocialmedia.(科学家们越来越担忧社交媒体上与食物相关的内容，这些内容让我们对食物有了不同的看法。社交媒体算法会推广用户反应更多的内容，所以浏览更多不健康食品意味着在社交媒体上看到更多不健康食品。)”可知，科学家们感到社交媒体上与食物相关的内容多为不健康食物，令人担忧。故选C项。DEightmonthsafterChinaputa10-yearbanonfishingintheYangtzeRiver,agroupofabout10Yangtzefinlessporpoises(江豚)wereseenintheriverofWuhan,HubeiProvince.Theirappearancewassaidtobearesultoflessinterference(干涉)fromhumanactivitiesoranincreasefoodavailability.“Risingwaterlevelsduringthefloodseasonandthefishingbanmaybothcontributetothisrareanimal’sappearance.Withoutinterferencefromhumanactivities,thefinlessporpoisesmightbemoreactive,”saidZhangXianfeng,anaquatic(水生的)wildliferesearcher.ThefinlessporpoiseiswidelybelievedtobeanimportanthealthindicatoroftheYangtzeRiver.Overthepast40years,itspopulationhasdeclineddramaticallyduetomanyfactors,suchasclimatechangeandhabitatloss.In2013,itwasclassifiedas“criticallyendangered”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.However,thepopulationhasshownsomestabilityinrecentyearsthankstojointprotectionfromgovernmentorgans,researchinstitutesandothersocialorganizations.Zhangbelievesit’sagoodthingthatthepublichasbecomemoreawareoftheurgencyofsavingthefinlessporpoiseandprotectingtheecosystemoftheYangtzeRiver.However,theappearanceofthefinlessporpoisescannotnecessarilybeseenasasignthatthepopulationisincreasing.Itstotalpopulation,around1,000,isverylimited,whichmakesthechancesforthemtohavebabiesverysliminsuchalongriverastheYangtzeRiver.TopreservebiodiversityalongtheYangtzeRiver,Chinaimposeda10-yearfishingbanin332conservationareas,protectingnotonlythefinlessporpoisebutalsomorethan4,300kindsofaquaticlifelivingintheYangtzeRiver.Thefishingban,whichiscrucialtoecologicalrestorationofthewholeriver,willsignificantlyexpandthefinlessporpoise’sfoodsupplyandremovethethreatfromfishingtools.However,theeffectwillbeknownonlyafterthreetofiveyears.12.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theeffectofthe10-yearfishingban.B.Thelivingconditionsoffinlessporpoises.C.Thenecessityoflimitinghumanactivities.D.Thereasonsforfinlessporpoises’appearance.13.Whathasdirectlyaffectedthebirthrateoffinlessporpoise?A.Thelimitedpopulation.B.Thehumaninterference.C.Thelackofpublicawareness.D.ThelengthoftheYangtzeRiver.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthe10-yearfishingban?A.ItwasputintoeffectinHubeiProvince.B.Itaimstoprotectavarietyofaquaticlife.C.Itincreasedthenumberoffinlessporpoisessoon.D.ItforbidshumanactivitiesalongtheYangtzeRiver.15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toshowtheeffectofa10-yearfishingban.B.Tointroducethefeaturesoffinlessporpoises.C.Torecordtheappearanceoffinlessporpoises.DToadvocatetheprotectionoftheYangtzeRiver.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述经过人们在保护长江沿岸的生物多样性中所做的努力，一群约10头长江江豚在湖北省武汉市的河流中看到，从这可以看到长江沿岸的生物数量发生的改变。【12题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第二段“‘Risingwaterlevelsduringthefloodseasonandthefishingbanmaybothcontributetothisrareanimal’sappearance.Withoutinterferencefromhumanactivities,thefinlessporpoisesmightbemoreactive,’saidZhangXianfeng,anaquatic(水生的)wildliferesearcher.(水生动物研究人员张先锋表示：‘汛期水位上升和禁渔令都可能导致这种罕见动物的出现。如果没有人类活动的干扰，江豚可能会更加活跃。’”可知，这段主要解释江豚出现的原因。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由文章第四段“Itstotalpopulation,around1,000,isverylimited,whichmakesthechancesforthemtohavebabiesverysliminsuchalongriverastheYangtzeRiver.(它的总数量约为1000头，非常有限，这使得它们在长江这样一条漫长的河流中生孩子的机会非常渺茫。)”可知，由于江豚数量有限，这直接影响江豚的出生率。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由文章第五段“TopreservebiodiversityalongtheYangtzeRiver,Chinaimposeda10-yearfishingbanin332conservationareas,protectingnotonlythefinlessporpoisebutalsomorethan4,300kindsofaquaticlifelivingintheYangtzeRiver.(为了保护长江沿岸生物多样性，中国在332个保护区实施了为期10年的禁渔令，不仅保护了江豚，还保护了4300多种生活在长江中的水生生物。)”可知，实行10年的禁渔令是为了保护长江沿岸的生物多样性，保护各种水生生物。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“EightmonthsafterChinaputa10-yearbanonfishingintheYangtzeRiver,agroupofabout10Yangtzefinlessporpoises(江豚)wereseenintheriverofWuhan,HubeiProvince.Theirappearancewassaidtobearesultoflessinterference(干涉)fromhumanactivitiesoranincreasefoodavailability.(在中国实施长江十年禁渔令八个月后，在湖北省武汉市的江中发现了一群约10头长江江豚。据说，它们的出现是人类活动干扰减少或食物供应增加的结果。)”以及后文可知，本文主要介绍中国实施了为期10年的禁渔令后，长江沿岸的生物数量发生的改变，目的在于告诉读者十年禁渔令的效果。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoTeachConfidenceWhileitmightseemlikesomepeoplearejustbornconfident,confidenceislargelyanacquiredskill.___16___Startbybuildinguptheirself-esteem,independentthought,andpositiveself—talk.Showthemhowtoachievegoals,andhowtodealwithfailurewhenithappens.Withlessonslikethese,youcanteachthepeoplearoundyoutobecomemoreconfident.Modelconfidentbehaviorfarpeople.Ifyou’retryingtoimprovesomeone’sconfidence,beamodelforhowtheyshouldbehaveinaconfidentway.___17___Showthemconfidentinterpersonalrelationslikeeyecontact,handshakes,andmakingsmalltalk.Thisletsthempracticeinasafeenvironment.Praisesmallaccomplishmentstoraiseaperson’sself-worth.Ifyou’retryingtobuildsomeone’sconfidence,startsmall.Eachaccomplishmenttheycompleteisacauseforcelebration,evenifitseemssmall.Behappyforyourfriends,kids,orstudents.___18___Givespecificpraisesopeopleknowwhattheydidwell.Aspecificpraiseisbetterthanasimple“Youdidwell”.___19___.Thismakesyourpraisemoregenuineandbooststhepersonself-esteemmorebyshowingthemtheirstrengths.Startwithapositivestatementbeforecorrectingsomething.___20___Thisisespeciallyimportantifyou’reaparent,teacher,orcoach.Ifyoudohavetomakecriticismsorcorrections,alwaysstartbysayingsomethingpositivefirst.Thisraisestheperson’sspiritsandmakesiteasierforthemtotakethecriticalfeedbackthat’scomingup.A.Instead,tellthepersonexactlywhattheydidwell.B.It’ssomethingyoucanmodelandteachotherpeople.C.Youmayhavetopointoutwheresomeoneneedstoimprove.D.Insteadoffeelingcriticized,thepersonwillknowyou’resincere.E.Actconfidentaroundthemandinyourinterpersonalinteractions.F.Yourpositiveenergywillteachthemtocelebratetheirachievements.G.Youmightshowsomeone’sstrengthstohelpthemseethebrightside.【答案】16.B17.E18.F19.A20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何帮助他人培养自信。【16题详解】上文讲到“confidenceislargelyanacquiredskill(自信在很大程度上是一种后天习得的技能)”自信心是可以培养的技能。B项中“It”指代上一句中的“confidence”，下文又介绍了如何帮助他人培养自信，B项“这是你可以为其他人做榜样和教导的东西”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。【17题详解】上文讲到“Ifyou’retryingtoimprovesomeone’sconfidence,beamodelforhowtheyshouldbehaveinaconfidentway.(如果想要提高某人的自信，应该以一种自信的方式成为他们行为的榜样)”以及下文“Showthemconfidentinterpersonalrelationslikeeyecontact,handshakes,andmakingsmalltalk.(向他们展示自信的人际关系，如眼神交流、握手和闲聊。)”可知，在交际中要表现出自信。E项“在他们周围和人际交往中表现出自信”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。【18题详解】上文“Behappyforyourfriends,kids,orstudents.(为你的朋友、孩子或学生高兴。)”这是正能量的体现，F项中“positiveenergy”对应上文的“happy”,并且“them”对应上文的“friends,kidsorstudents”,F项“你的积极能量将教会他们庆祝自己的成就”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。【19题详解】上文“Aspecificpraiseisbetterthanasimple“Youdidwell”.(具体的表扬比简单的“你做得好”要好)”关键词“specific”，A选项“相反，告诉对方他们哪里做得很好”正是具体表扬的方式。符合语境。故选A。【20题详解】下文“Ifyoudohavetomakecriticismsorcorrections,alwaysstartbysayingsomethingpositivefirst.(如果你不得不批评或纠正，总是先说一些积极的话。)”此处说的是“提出批评”，C选项“你可能需要指出某人需要改进的地方”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选C。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Awomanprofessorwasgivingalessontoherstudentsonstressmanagement.Asshe____21____aglassofwater,everyoneintheclass____22____theywouldbeaskedthe“half-emptyorhalf-full”question.____23____,thatwasnotthecase.Withasmileonherface,sheaskedthestudents,“Howmuchdoyouthinkthisglassofwaterweighs?”Answerscalledout____24____fromeighttotwentyounces(盎司).Shequietedthestudentsdownandthenresponded,“Theabsoluteweightdoesn’t____25____.Butitcountshowlongyouholdit.IfIholditforaminute,itisOK.IfIholditforanhour,Iwillhaveanacheinmy____26____.IfIholditforaday,myarmwillfeelnumb.Ineachcase,the____27____oftheglassofwaterdoesn’tchange,butthe____28____Iholdit,theheavieritbecomes.Why?”Lostin____29____,allthestudentskeptsilentandlistenedtotheprofessorcarefully.“Ourstressesand______30______inlifearelikethatglassofwater.Ifwe______31______ourburdensallthetime,soonerorlater,wewillfeelexhausted,evenunableto______32______.”______33______youhavetodoisputallyourburdensdown,as______34______intheeveningaspossible.Don’tcarrythemthroughtheeveningintothenight;bydoingthis,wecanget______35______nextmorningandare______36______tomoveforward.Moreoftenthannot,lifegetsterriblewhenwe______37______toomuch.Andthemomentyou______38______yourburdens,you’llfindyourselffeelingsomuchmorerelaxed.Soratherthanbeingupsetandfeeling______39______foryourself,startdoingsomethingaboutit.Afterall,lifeistooshortto______40______yourselftoanythingthatisnotmakingyouhappy.21.A.raised B.indicated C.pulled D.stressed22.A.wondered B.agreed C.expected D.argued23.A.Meanwhile B.However C.Anyhow D.Therefore24.A.read B.ranged C.replied D.seized25.A.fade B.exist C.increase D.matter26.A.stomach B.toe C.fingernail D.arm27.A.shape B.weight C.position D.size28.A.longer B.deeper C.fewer D.further29.A.thought B.fantasies C.dreams D.discussion30.A.doubts B.joys C.surprises D.worries31.A.cover B.hide C.carry D.show32.A.pickup B.carryon C.workout D.takein33.A.Anything B.Nothing C.All D.Something34.A.early B.eagerly C.quickly D.naturally35.A.depressed B.entertained C.refreshed D.amazed36.A.able B.anxious C.passive D.thankful37.A.rest B.fear C.get D.think38.A.putupwith B.catchupwith C.lookdownon D.letgoof39.A.greedy B.confused C.sorry D.happy40.A.treat B.abandon C.drive D.help【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.D26.D27.B28.A29.A30.D31.C32.B33.C34.A35.C36.A37.D38.D39.C40.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过女教授让学生观察一杯水的重量的事例告诉读者：我们只有卸下压力和负担，才能活得更轻松。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她举起一杯水时，班上的每个人都认为他们会被问到“半空还是半满”的问题。A.raised筹集，举起；B.indicated表明；C.pulled拉；D.stressed强调。根据下文“Butitcountshowlongyouholdit.”可知，老师举起一杯水。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.wondered想知道；B.agreed同意；C.expected期待，预期；D.argued争论。根据“theywouldbeaskedthe“half-emptyorhalf-full”question”可知，学生们预期老师会问的问题。故选C。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，事实并非如此。A.Meanwhile与此同时；B.However然而；C.Anyhow无论如何，不管怎样；D.Therefore因此。根据“thatwasnotthecase.”可知，上下文是转折关系。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：答案从8盎司到20盎司不等。A.read阅读；B.ranged（在一定范围内）变化，变动；C.replied回复；D.seized抓住。根据“fromeighttotwentyounces”可知，喊出的答案在8盎司到20盎司之间变动。rangefrom…to…为固定短语，意为“从……到……的范围”。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她让学生们安静下来，然后回答说:“绝对重量不重要。”A.fade逐渐消失；B.exist存在；C.increase增长；D.matter重要。根据“Butitcountshowlongyouholdit.”可知，空处和“counts”对应。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我拿着它一个小时，我的手臂就会疼。A.stomach胃；B.toe脚趾；C.fingernail指甲；D.arm手臂。根据“IfIholditforaday,myarmwillfeelnumb.”可知，此处是信息词arm的词汇复现。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每种情况下，一杯水的重量都不会改变，但我拿它越久，它就变得越重。A.shape形状；B.weight重量；C.position位置；D.size尺寸。根据“theglassofwaterdoesn’tchange”可知，水的重量没有改变。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.longer更长的；B.deeper更深的；C.fewer更少的；D.further更进一步的。根据“IfIholditforanhour,Iwillhaveanacheinmy____6____.IfIholditforaday,myarmwillfeelnumb.”可知，举起杯子的时间越长，它就变得越重。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的学生都陷入沉思，保持沉默，仔细地听教授讲课。A.thought想法；B.fantasies幻想，想象；C.dreams梦想；D.discussion讨论。根据上文“Ineachcase,the____7____oftheglassofwaterdoesn’tchange,butthe____8____Iholdit,theheavieritbecomes.Why?””可知，老师提出疑问，学生陷入沉思。lostinthought为固定短语，意为“陷入沉思”。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们生活中的压力和担忧就像那杯水。A.doubts怀疑；B.joys快乐；C.surprises惊喜；D.worries担心。空处和“stresses”并列，表示“担心”。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们一直背负着负担，迟早会感到筋疲力尽，甚至无法继续下去。A.cover覆盖；B.hide隐藏；C.carry携带；D.show展示。根据“burdensallthetime”可知，如果一致背负着负担，迟早会筋疲力尽。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.pickup捡起，开车接送；B.carryon继续；C.workout计算出，锻炼；D.takein吸收，理解。根据“soonerorlater,wewillfeelexhausted”和“even”可知，此处表示甚至生活都无法继续。故选B。【33题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：你所要做的就是把你所有的负担都放下，越早越好。A.Anything任何事情；B.Nothing没有什么；C.All一切；D.Something一些事情。根据“putallyourburdensdown”可知，你所要做的就是把你所有的负担都放下。故选C。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.early早地；B.eagerly渴望地；C.quickly迅速地；D.naturally自然地。根据“Don’tcarrythemthroughtheeveningintothenight”可知，要尽早放下负担。故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要把它们从晚上带到夜里；这样做，我们第二天早上就能精神焕发，继续前进。A.depressed沮丧的；B.entertained娱乐的；C.refreshed神清气爽的；D.amazed惊讶的。根据“Don’tcarrythemthroughtheeveningintothenight”可知，这样做以后第二天会神清气爽。故选C。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.able能够的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.passive消极的；D.thankful感激的。根据“moveforward”可知，尽早放下负担才能继续前进。故选A。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们想得太多时，生活往往变得糟糕。A.rest休息；B.fear害怕；C.get得到；D.think认为。根据下文“Andthemomentyou____18____yourburdens,you’llfindyourselffeelingsomuchmorerelaxed.”可知，想得太多，不能放下负担生活往往变得糟糕。故选D。【38题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你卸下负担的那一刻，你会发现自己感到轻松多了。A.putupwith忍受；B.catchupwith追上，赶上；C.lookdownon轻视，看不起；D.letgoof释放。根据“you’llfindyourselffeelingsomuchmorerelaxed.”可知，放下负担，就会变得轻松。故选D。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，与其为自己感到难过和抱歉，不如开始做点什么。A.greedy贪婪的；B.confused困惑的；C.sorry抱歉的；D.happy高兴的。feelsorryfor为固定短语，表示“为……难过，遗憾”。故选C。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，生命太短，不要把自己沉溺在那些不让自己快乐的事情上。A.treat对待，治疗；B.abandon废弃；C.drive驾驶；D.help帮助。Abandononeselfto为固定短语，意为“沉溺于”。根据“anythingthatisnotmakingyouhappy.”可知，不要让自己沉溺于不开心的事情。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Aftercycling2,000kilometersin18days.LanHuiyunandhis13studentsfinallyreachedtheirdestination—QinghaiLakeinQinghaiprovinceonAugust17.Lan,35,____41____geographyteacherfromShanxiprovince,startedoutwithhisstudentsonJuly30,severaldaysafterthey____42____(admit)intodifferentuniversities.TheysetofffromtheircampusandpassedthroughtheprovinceShanxi,Shaanxi,theInnerMongoliaandGansubeforearrivinginQinghai.InearlyMay,Lanbegantoplanabicycleroute____43____wouldallowthestudentstoreceivefirsthandexperienceaboutlocalplants,climateandcustoms.Healsoprovidedtraining,____44____(include)bicycleoperation,repairingskillsandsomebasicfirstaid,toensuretheir____45____(safe)andreducethepossibilityofaccidents.However,theyencountereddifficulties,suchasflattiresandlack____46____oxygen,whilecyclinginhighaltituderegions.____47____(fortunate),allofthempersistedandfinallyreachedthedestination.ItwasnotthefirsttimethatLan____48____(organize)suchjourneystocommemorate(纪念)theendofhighschool.Althoughitcoststimeandenergy____49____(arrange)suchactivities,hewillcontinuetobring____50____(many)studentstocycleoutsideinthefuturebecausecyclingcanbroadentheirhorizons.【答案】41.a

42.wereadmitted43.which##that44.including45.safety46.of47.Fortunately48.hadorganized49.toarrange50.more【解析】【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。兰会云老师带着他的13名学生在18天内骑行2000公里后，终于到达了目的地——青海湖。