2022-2023学年江苏省南京航空航天大学附属某中学高一（上）期中英语试卷（附答案详解）

2022-2023学年江苏省南京航空航天大学附属高级中学高一（上）

期中英语试卷

A

Whetheryouwanttoabsorbyourselfanluxury（奢华）ormakememoriesthatwilllastalifetime,

considerSouthCarolinaforyournextbeachvacation!

FollyBeach

SometimescalledoneofAmericalasttruebeachtowns,FollyIslandischarming,withclothingshopsand

seafoodrestaurantsofeverykindalongCenterStreet.Thererssomethingforeveryone,whetheryou'rea

surfer,cyclist,boater,youlovefishing,oryou'reinterestedintheisland'srichsea-wildlife,complex

history,FollyBeachisagreatplaceforculturetoo.

HiltonHead

Famousforitsluxuryaccommodations,lowcountry-beaches,and30world-classgolfcourses,and300

tenniscourts.HiltonHeadwasthefirsteco-planneddestinationintheUnitedStates.WhileHiltonHeadis

famousforitsexpensiveofferings,there'splentyofexploringforfamiliesandnaturelovers.

EdistoBeach

EdistoBeachisagreatplacefornatureiovers.AvacationatEdistobeachincludesadventureinthegreat

outdoors.Hike,fish,andexplorethebeach.EdistoBeachprovidesaffordablebeachfun,likeoceanfront

andforestcampsites.

BullIsland

BullIslandisknownforitsbird-life,withmorethan293speciesrecordedthere.Kidslovespottingan

AmericanBaldEagle.Naturalist-guidedtoursaregreatforallagesifobservingblackfoxesisonyour

bucketlist.

1.Whichbeachbestsuitsthosewhoareeagertogetexperienceinvariousactivitiesaswellaslocal

culture?

A.HiltonHead.B.FollyBeach.C.EdistoBeach.D.BullIsland.

2.WhatisprobablythemajorconcernfortouristsbeforegoingtoHiltonHead?

A.Safety.B.Cost.C.Location.D.Activities

3.WhatmightmakepeoplechooseBullIslandratherthanEdistoBeach?

A.Itssea-wildlife.B.Itsgolf-course

C.Itsbird-life.D.Itscampsites

B

RecordfiressweepingacrosstheAmazonthismonthhavebeencatchingglobalheadlinesasscientistsand

environmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsenclimatechangeanddodamagetobiodiversity（生

物多样性）.

Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,theAmazonisoftencalled"thelungsoftheworld".Itisalsohome

toabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals,andImillionlocalpeople.Thehugelandsofrainforest

playanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecausetheytakeinheatinsteadofitbeingreflectedback

intotheatmosphere（大气层）.Theyalsostorecarbondioxide（二氧化碳）andproduceoxygen,

makingsurethatlesscarbonisgivenoff,theeffectsofclimatechange.

“Amyforestdestructionisaharmtobiodiversityandthepeoplewhousethatbiodiversity,"Thomas

Lovejoy,anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.Theshockingresultisthata

lotofcarbongoesintotheatmosphere."hestressed."Facingtheglobalclimatechange,wecannotafford

moredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonmustbeprotected,"UN

SecretaryGeneralAntonioGuterressaid.

DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch（INPE）showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazil

quicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustthisyearfromayearago.Atotalof71,497forest

fireswererecordedinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2019,upfrom-39,194inthesameperiod

in2018.INPEsaid."It'sreportedthattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonhavedecreasedsomething

between20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months,"CarlosNobre,aresearcherattheUniversity

ofSaoPaulo,toldGennanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.

Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest,whosedropcouldhavesevereresultsforglobal

climateandrainfalLThesizeofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined.buttheemergencyhas

spreadoverBrazil'sborders,reachingPeruvian,ParaguayanandBolivianareas.

4.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlytalkingabout?

A.Theeffectsofclimatechange.

B.TheroleoftheAmazonrainforest.

C.TheresultsoftheAmazonrainforestfires.

D.Thecausesofthedecreasingbiodiversity.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"mitigating“underlinedinParagraph2?

A.Reducing.B.Causing.C.Worsening.D.Strengthening.

6.WhatcanwelearnfromThomas'andAntonio'swords?

A.Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestsunique.

B.Therainforestfiresgiverisetoseriouseffects.

C.Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.

D.Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.

7.Whichsectionofamagazineisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Sportsandmusic.B.Scienceandtechnology.

C.Natureandgeography.D.Businessandculture.

c

OnMonday,theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionpredictedthat42%ofAmericanscouldbe

overweightby2030.Ourexpandingwaistlinesleadtonotonlyamedicalproblem,butaccordingtoa

recentarticleInTheNewYorkTimes,itcouldalsoendangerpersonalsafetyinsomesituations-inan

airplanecrash，forexample.

TheNewYorkTimes*ChristenNegronireportsthatengineersandscientistsarequestioningwhether

airplaneseatsareadequatelyconstructedtoprotectoverweighttravelers.

Governmentstandardsfbrairplaneseatstrength(强度)-firstsetmorethan60yearsago-requirethatthe

seatsbemadeforapassengerweighing170pounds(77kg).Today,theaverageAmericanmanweighs

nearly194pounds(88kg)andtheaveragewoman165pounds(75kg).Negronireports：

“Ifaheavierpersoncompletelyfillsseat,theseatisnotlikelytobehaveasintendedduringacrash,Msaid

RobertSalazar,theleadingscientistattheCenterforAppliedBiomechanicsattheUniversityof

Virginia."Theenergyabsorptionthatisbuiltintotheaircraftseatislikelytobeoverpoweredandthe

passengerswillnotbeprotectedproperly.”

"Norwouldtheinjurybelimitedtothatpassengeronly,"Dr.Salzarsaid."Ifaseatoraseatbeltfails,

"hesaid,"thosepeoplewhoareseatednearbycouldbeendangeredfrom'theuncontrolledmovementsof

thepassenger'."

Mostcomplaintsaboutairplaneseatsfocusontheirlackofcomfortandhighticketprice,andwhether

overweightpassengersshouldbemadetobuytwoseats.ButTheNewYorkTimes'articlebringsup

anotherreasontofeelanxiousaboutflying.

Investigatorsoftheissuegotintouchwiththeairplaneseatandseatbeltmakers,buttheyrefusedto

commentontheproblem.Expertsagreedthatcrashtestingshouldbedonewithoverweightdummies(人

体模型).Bothairplaneseatsandseatbeltsshouldbetested,theysaid.

Fortunately,however,accordingtoNoraMarshall,asenioradviserattheNationalTransportationSafety

Board,theboard'sinvestigatorshaveneverseenanaccidentinvolvingacommercialplaneinwhichthe

weightofapassengerwasaproblem.

8.WhatisthearticleinTheNewYorkTimesmainlyconcernedwith?

A.Thesizeofairplaneseatsandseatbelts.

B.Safetyofoverweightairplanepassengers.

C.Airplanecrashesinvolvingcommercialplanes.

D.Amedicalproblemcausedbybeingoverweight.

9.RobertSalzarwouldprobablyagreethat.

A.overweightpassengersshouldbuytwoseats

B.thegovernmentshouldhelpproducesaferplanes

C.standardsforairplaneseatstrengthshouldberaised

D.passengersshouldknowhowtoprotectthemselves

10.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.

A.airplaneseatmakershavetakenactionnow

B.therearefewcomplaintsaboutairplaneseats

C.thoseseatsneartheoverweightmaysuffertoo

D.onlyasmallnumberofairplaneaccidentsinvolvetheoverweight

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhyDoPassengersFeelAnxiousaboutFlying?

B.Will42%ofAmericansBeOVERWEIGHTBY2030?

C.WhenWilltheOverweightEnjoyTheirFlight?

D.AreAirplaneSeatsSafeEnoughfortheOverweight?

D

WhenKirkAlexanderwentmissingfor11days,anunlikelysaviorcametohisrescue：hisneighborhood

pizzastore.

Almosteverynightformorethantenyears,KirkAlexander,48,ofSalem,Oregonorderedalatedinner

fromhislocalDomino'spizzastore.Hehadnosignatureorder.Sometimeshewouldcallforasalad,

sometimesapie,sometimeschickenwings.TheonlysurethingfbrthestaffoftheSilvertonRoad

Domino'swasthattheywouldseeAlexander'snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometime

between11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.

Untilsuddenly,fornearlytwoweeksattheendofApril2016,theydidn't.

ItwasaslowSaturdaynightonMay7thwhenDomino'sgeneralmanagerSarahFullerfeltshecouldno

longerignoreAlexander'srecentabsence.

"Iwentandlookeduptoseehowlongithadbeensincehelastordered.*'FullertoldKATU.com.nItwas

11dayswhichwasnotlikehimatall."

FullerknewAlexanderworkedfromhome,andneighborssaidherarelyleft.Shealsoknewthathehad

sufferedsomehealthissuesinthepast.Something,Fullerworried,waswrong.

Around1a.m.onSunday.May8.Fullersentlongtimedelivery（快递）driverTraceyHamblentostopin

atAlexander'shome.HecouldplainlyseethatAlexander'sTVsetwason,aswerehislights；butafter

severalminutes,Alexanderstilldidn'lanswerthedoor.

HamblenrushedbacktothestoretorelaytheupsettingdevelopmentstoFuiler.SheencouragedHamblen

todial91l.Soon，officerswereontheirway.

WhendeputiesfromtheMarionCountySheriffsofficearrivedatAlexander'shouse,theyheardaman

*'callingforhelpfrominsidetheresidence,deputiessaid.Theybrokethedoordown,andfoundAlexander

onthefloorinneedofimmediatemedicalattention.Onedaylater,andtheymighthavebeentoolate.

AlexanderwasrushedtoSalemHospital,wherehewaslistedinstableconditionshortlyafterthedramatic

rescue.Inthefollowingweeks，Fuller,Hamblen,andotherstoreemployeeswenttovisithimwithflowers

andcards,notingthatAlexandergreetedthemwithknowingsmiles.

12.HowdidFullersensethatsomethingwaswrong?

A.Alexanderhadsufferedfromserioushealthproblemsfor10years.

B.Alexanderhadn'torderedchickenwingsorsaladfornearly2weeks.

C.Alexanderhadneverbeforebrokenhisroutineinthestorefor10years.

D.Alexanderhadbeenabsentfromtheorderingsystemforabout2weeks.

13.Whatcanyouinferfromtheunderlinedsentence?

A.HamblenwasfondofknockingatAlexander'sdoor.

B.HamblenwasmorethananacquaintancetoAlexander.

C.HamblenwasfrequentlyinvitedtovisitAlexander.

D.HamblenwasspeciallyassignedtosendAlexanderfood.

14.Inwhichcolumnofanewspaperwillyouprobablyreadthisarticle?

A.Life.B.Technology.C.Healthy.D.Entertainment

15.Thesayingwecanlearnfromthestoryis.

A.Bomtosuffer,dieinpeace

B.Detailsdeterminesuccessorfailure

C.Eventhewisearenotalwaysfreefromerror

D.Betterlatethannever

Insomeschools,structuredcharactereducationisapartofthecurriculum,rightalongsidereading,writing,

andmath.(1).

Thequalitiesofcharacterdevelopthroughaninteractionoffamily,school,andcommunityinfluencesand

thechild'sindividualpersonality,experiences,andchoices.Parentshavemanyopportunitiesandtoolsto

buildtheirchildren'scharacter.(2).

Bearolemodel

Parentswhoexhibitthequalitiesofgoodcharacterpowerfullytransmittheirvaluestotheirchildren.

Imagineyouarehonest,trustworthy,fair,compassionate,respectful,andinvolvedinthegreatergoodof

yourfamilyandcommunity.(3).Theywillalsoseethatthisbehaviorbringsasenseofjoy,

satisfactions,andpeacetotheirfamily.

(4).

Childrenalsoneedtolearnthatwhentheyviolateyourfamily'sguidingethics,youwillcarryout

consequenceswithfairnessanddignity.Alwaystaketheopportunitytoexplainwhyyourchild'sbehavior

iswrongwhenyoucorrecthim.

Makeahabitofidentifyinginyourownmindthevalueyouwishtoteachthechildbasedontheparticular

behavior.Chooseaconsequencethatisappropriatetoteachthatvalue.

Tellstoriesfromliteratureandlife

Parentsandteachersusedstoriestoteachmorallessonslongbeforebookswereeveninvented.Asyoutell

thestoriesofyourlifeandtheworldaroundyou,youconveylessonsinvaluesandethicstoyourchildren.

Whenyoulistenandrespondtoyourchildren'sstoriesaboutschoolandpeers,youcanhelpthemthink

throughtherightthingtodo.(5).Theseanecdotes(趣闻轶事)showyourkidshowyourvalues

guideallaspectsofyourlife.

A.Provideopportunitiestopractice

B.Useteachablemomentstobuildcharacter

C.Yourchildrenwillseethisinyoureverydayactionsandchoices

D.Bemindfulofyourchildrenlisteningtothestoriesyoutellotheradults

E.However,buildingcharacterforkidscan'tjusthappenintheclassroom

F.Buthands-onexperienceisneededtoknowthetruemeaningofcharacter

G.Usingthemwillgiveyouthejoyandsatisfactionofseeingyourkidsgrow

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

Inlife,doyouchoosetotaketheroadeveryonehastaken,ordoyouchoosethepaththatisbestforyou?

Itmightbe(21)tochoosewhateveryonehasdone,especiallyifitseemedtoworkforthem.Butisthat

whattruly(22)foryou?

Onarecenthikingtrip,mypartnerandIdecidedtotakeapopulartrailinthe(23)direction.Thiswasan

old,well-traveledtrailthatpeoplehadbeenhikingandbikingfromAtoZforyears.Forourownreasons,

wechosetotravelfromZtoA.Goingbackwardsmademoresensewithmy(24).Thetripwouldtake

severaldaysandgoingbackwards(25)thatIwouldendthetripclosertotheairportformyflighthome.

AsmypartnerandIwalked,everyonecrossingourpathhadsomethingtosay."You'regoingthewrong

way.Areyoulost?Areyoureturning(26)youforgotsomething?Areyoucrazy?uThepath

occasionallycrossedahighway.Whenitdid,evenpassingcarsbeeped(鸣笛)to(27)usinthe"right"

direction.

Whydidpeopleonlyseeoneway?Becausethat'swhat(28)does?Becausethat'showit'salwaysbeen

done?Weeven(29)totalktoaDanishwomanwhosaid.nWehaveasayinginmycountry：whenyougo

backwardstoeveryoneelse,it'sbecauseyou'reavoidingsomething."Icouldn*t(30)it.Wewerejust

enjoyingconnectingwithnature,hikinginthewaythatbest(31)us.Hadwegonethe"wrong"way?No.At

least,notforus.

Idecidedto(32)thepainIchose.Finally,wehada(n)(33)experience.Choosingthe"wrong“pathwas

rightforme.Whenyourinner(34)tellsyousomethingisright(orwrong),listentoit.It'syourinstinct

(直觉).It'sspeakingtoyouforareasonanditknows,betterthananyone,what's(35)foryou.

21.A.anxiousB.normalC.challengingD.impressive

22.A.designsB.plansC.worksD.prepares

23.A.oppositeB.wrongC.commonD.right

24.A.emotionB.targetC.scheduleD.body

25.A.concernedB.ensuredC.providedD.permitted

26.A.ifB.becauseC.whileD.yet

27.A.pointB.inspireC.protectD.press

28.A.someoneB.everyoneC.anybodyD.nobody

29.A.expectedB.stoppedC.agreedD.decided

30.A.doB.hideC.believeD.agree

31.A.providedB.confusedC.offeredD.suited

32.A.showoffB.thinkoverC.takeoffD.stickto

33.A.horribleB.secureC.amazingD.crazy

34.A.characterB.feelingC.voiceD.reaction

35.A.bestB.trueC.flexibleD.worthwhile

36.TheKolahoiGreenHeightsisahotelintheHimalayanmountains.Withsomuchiceandsnow

aroundfromDecembertoMarch,lastyear,peopleattheKolahoihoteldecided⑴(build)an

igloo(冰屋)cafe.SyedWasimShah,createdthecafe,gottheideafromanigloovillagein

Switzerland.ltcouldholdabout16people.

Thisyear,theyrebuiltitandcreated(2)wasbelievedtobe(3)newrecord—the(4)(big)igloo

cafeintheworld.TheyallittheSnoglu,whichcanholdupto40peopleatatime.Thebenchesand

tables(5)(make)outofpackedsnow,andsheepskinscovertheicybenchestomakethem(6)

comfortable.

TheSnogluisdivided(7)twodifferentparts.Onepartholdsartworkcreatedfromsnowandice.The

otherpartisaworkingcafe,⑻(sell)coffee,hotchocolate,andsnacks.Mr.Shahsaysthecafe

focusesonitemsthatcanbeoffered(9)(immediate)，sinceit'ssocoldinsidethatmostguestsdon't

wanttostaylong.

Nextyear,Mr.Shahplanstorebuildthecafeagain.Healsowantstocreateanigloovillage,with

rooms(10)peoplecanspendthenight.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

37.Manypatientsaregettingthemedical(treat).

38.Thismedicine,whichsavedmanypeople'slives,wasreallye.

39.Thegirlswereafraidofsnakesandpickedtheirwayalongwith(极其的)caution.

40.(concern)parentsarevoicingtheiropinionsatschoolboardmeetingatpresent.

41.Inthepastthreeyears,wehaveagreatknowledgeandenjoyedpersonalgrowth.

42.Hismethodoflearningbyrotemadehimunabletodealwiththeproblems(灵活).

43.Thereareplentyof(毕业生)anxiousfbrwork,whoexpecttoworkinapositionrelated

totheirmajors(专业).

44.It'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit*sa(令人尴尬的)and

challenging,orwethinkit*sannoyingandunnecessary.

45.Theincreaseincrime(犯罪)isasadronoursocietytoday.

46.Youracademicpwilleventuallydeterminewhetheryouwillgraduateornot.

47.为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEAR”专栏。假设你是该栏

目的编辑Betty,收到一封署名为Jack的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日

容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。

内容要点如下：1.表示理解并给予安慰：2.提出建议并说明理由。

注意：1.词数80词左右；2.信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；

参考词汇：tempern.脾气，情绪

DearJack,

Yours,

Betty

(1)

(2)

48.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Mydaddoesn'twritemeletters.Andhedoesn'talwaysremembermybirthdayorwedding

anniversary—orevenhowoldIamsometimes.

ButIonlyneedtolookaroundmetoberemindedofhislove.Herestoreda100-year-oldrocking

chairafterItoldhimhowmuchIwantedone.WhenImovedintomyfirstapartment,hespenthis

weekendsinasmallspacereplacingpipes.AndwhenIlostabluestonefromafavoritenecklace,he

workedhismagicwithcommonstuff

ThefourgreatestwordsIknoware"Dadwillbuildit".

IcouldneverforgetwhenIwasseven，onedaywewalkedbyatoystorewindow.Thereinthecorner

wasthemostunusualdollhousehadeverseen.Itwasshapedlikeanupturnedlog.Littleovalwindows

werecutintoitdecoratedwithwhitecurtainsandframedbytinybalconies.

"Oh,Daddy,"Isaid,"isn'titbeautiful?DoyouthinkSantaClausewillbringittome?”

Dadlookedatthe$100pricetag—toohighafigureinthosedays."IthinkevenSantacouldn't

affordthishouse,"hejoked,hikinguphisbelt,asheoftendoeswhenhe'snervous."Maybeone

day,sweetheart,"DadprobablyhopedI'dforgetaboutthedollhouse,butIkepttalkingaboutit.

OnChristmasmorning,Iawokeearlyandraceddownstairs.Inthefaintlight,Imadeoutsome

wrappedboxesunderthetree-butnonelargeenoughtocontainmydollhouse.

Dadcouldseemydisappointment.

Fourmonthslater,abeautifuldollhousewasinfrontofme.

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、B、C

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据FollyBeach部分中的There'ssomethingforeveryone,

whetheryou'reasurfer,cyclist,boater,youlovefishing,

oryou'reinterestedintheisland'srichsea-wildlife,complexhistory,

FollyBeachisagreatplaceforculturetoo.（这里有适合每个人的东西，无论你是冲浪爱好者，骑自

行车的人，划船的人，还是你喜欢钓鱼，或者你对岛上丰富的海洋野生动物、复杂的历史感兴趣，

FollyBeach也是一个领略文化的好地方。）可知，如果你对文化感兴趣，可以到FollyBeach来。

故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据HiltonHead部分中的WhileHiltonHeadisfamousforitsexpensiveofferings,

there'splentyofexploringforfamiliesandnaturelovers.（虽然HiltonHead以其昂贵的服务而闻名，

但这里也有很多适合家庭和自然爱好者探索的地方。）可知，HiltonHead收费昂贵，所以花费问

题是人们所关心的。结合选项A.Safety.安全；B.Cost.花费；C.Location.位置；D.Activities活动。

故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据BullIsland部分中的BullIslandisknownforitsbird-life,

withmorethan293speciesrecordedthere.（BullIsland以鸟类生活而闻名，那里有超过293种鸟类

的记录。）可知，BullIsland与众不同的地方在于其鸟类众多。因此，人们选择BullIsland而不是

EdistoBeach,那肯定是因为其鸟类生活。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了SouthCarolina几个适合度假的沙滩。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4〜7.【答案】B、A、B、C

【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据第二段Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,

theAmazonisoftencallednthelungsoftheworld'1.Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsan

danimals,

andImillionlocalpeople.Thehugelandsofrainforestplayanimportantroleintheworld'secosystemb

ecausetheytakeinheatinsteadofitbeingreflectedbackintotheatmosphere（大气

层）.Theyalsostorecarbondioxide（二氧化碳）andproduceoxygen,

makingsurethatlesscarbonisgivenoff,___theeffectsofclimatechange.（作为世界上最大的雨林，

亚马逊雨林常被称为“世界之肺”。它也是大约300万种动植物和100万当地人的家园。巨大的雨

林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，因为它们吸收热量，而不是将热量反射到大气中，它们

还储存二氧化碳并产生氧气，以确保减少碳的释放，减轻气候变化的影响。）可知，第二段主要

是介绍亚马逊雨林的作用。故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子Theyalsostorecarbondioxide（二氧化

碳）andproduceoxygen,makingsurethatlesscarbonisgivenoff>theeffectsofclimatechange.

（它们还储存二氧化碳并产生氧气，以确保减少碳的释放，mitigating气候变化的影响。）可知，

确保碳排放更少，会减轻气候变化的影响，所以划线词是“减轻，减缓”之意。结合选项A.Reducing.

减少；B.Causing.造成;C.Worsening.恶化;D.Strengthening.加强。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段中的

"Amyforestdestructionisaharmtobiodiversityandthepeoplewhousethatbiodiversity."ThomasLov

ejoy,anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.（"任何对森林的破坏都是对

生物多样性和使用这种生物多样性的人的伤害。"乔治梅森大学的生态学家托马斯•洛夫乔伊告诉

《国家地理》杂志。）以及"Facingtheglobalclimatechange,

wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonmustbeprote

cted»"UNSecretaryGeneralAntonioGuterressaid.（"面对全球气候变化，我们不能对氧和生物多

样性的主要来源造成更大的破坏。亚马逊必须得到保护，”联合国秘书长安东尼奥•古特雷斯说。）

可知，从二人的话中我们可以得知亚马逊雨林火灾造成了严重的后果。故选B。

（4）文章出处题。根据第一段内容

RecordfiressweepingacrosstheAmazonthismonthhavebeencatchingglobalheadlinesasscientistsa

ndenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsenclimatechangeanddodamagetobiodiversit

y（生物多样性）.（本月横扫亚马逊的创纪录大火已经成为全球头条新闻，科学家和环保组织担

心大火会加剧气候变化，破坏生物多样性。）以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍亚马逊雨林大火

对气候变化以及生物多样性的影响，最有可能出自杂志中的自然和地理版块。结合选项

A.Sportsandmusic.体育和音乐；B.Scienceandtechnology.科技；C.Natureandgeography.自然和地

理；D.Businessandculture.商业和文化。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了横扫亚马逊的创纪录大火成为全球媒体关注的焦点，科学家

和环保组织担心大火会加剧气候变化，威胁生物多样性。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】B、C、C、D

【解析】1.B.细节题，根据文章第一段Ourexpandingwaistlinesleadtonotonlyamedicalproblem,

butaccordingtoarecentarticleinTheNewYorkTimes,itcouldalsoendangerpersonalsafetyinsome

situations-inanairplanecrash,forexample.最后说纽约时报中的一篇文章报道体重过大也会在"一

些特殊场合中影响人们的安全.后文则围绕飞机事故问题谈论体重过大的乘客的安全问题.故选

B.

2.C.细节题.根据Theenergyabsorption（吸收）thatisbuiltintotheaircraftseatislikelytobe

overpoweredandthepassengerswillnotbeprotectedproperly这位研究者指出当一位超重的乘客坐在

座位上时，座位无法像预想中的一样保护乘客，安装在座位中的能量吸收系统会崩溃.所以，飞

机座位的标准需要提高.结合选项，故选C.

3.C.细节题.文中第四段"Norwouldtheinjurybelimitedtothatpassengeronly,"DrSalzarsaid."If

aseatoraseatbeltfails,“hesaid,“thosepeoplewhoareseatednearbycouldbeendangeredfrom'the

uncontrolledmovementsofthepassenger'.”指出：当飞机发生事故时，不仅体重过大的乘客会受到

伤害，坐在他们附近的其他乘客也会受到他们自己所无法控制的动作的影响.答案为C.

4.D.主旨题.本文由美国人的超重问题引入，后来逐渐谈到体重过大的人在一些特殊场合会受

到伤害，文章主要讨论了现在的飞机座位对于体重过大的乘客是否足够安全.结合选项，故选D.

本文由美国人的超重问题引入，后来逐渐谈到体重过大的人在一些特殊场合会受到伤害，文章主

要讨论了现在的飞机座位对于体重过大的乘客是否足够安全.

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语

句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分

析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据.

12〜15.【答案】B、B、A、B

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第五段“wentandlookeduptoseehowlongithadbeensincehelast

ordered,nFullertoldKATU.com."Itwas11days,whichwasnotlikehimatall."（Fuller对KATU.com

说：“我抬头看了看，他上次点餐是多久以前的事，发现是11天前的事了，这完全不像他的风格。

”）可知，Fullei•是通过发现Kirk最近已经有11天（差不多两周）没有在外卖店下单了，感觉到

不对劲了。故选Bo

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Almosteverynightformorethantenyears.KirkAlexander,48,ofSalem,

OregonorderedalatedinnerfromhislocalDomino'spizzastore.Hehadnosignatureorder.Sometimeshe

wouldcallfbrasalad,sometimesapie,sometimeschickenwings.Theonlysurethingforthestaffofthe

SilvertonRoadDomino'swasthattheywouldseeAlexander'snameshowupontheironlineorderingsite

sometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.（十多年来几乎每晚，俄勒冈州塞勒姆

48岁的KirkAlexander都会在当地的达美乐披萨店点了一份晚餐。他没有指定要什么吃的。有时

他要沙拉，有时要派，有时要鸡翅。对西弗顿路达美乐的员工来说，唯一可以肯定的是，他们会

在每周几次的晚上11点到午夜的某个时间看到亚历山大的名字出现在他们的在线订购网站上。）

以及划线部分上文AroundIa.m.onSunday.May8,Fullersentlongtime