联合国国际货物销售合同公约逐句中英文对照

联合国国际货物销售合同公约逐句中英文对照UNConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods-bilingualversionPreambleTheStatesPartiestothisConvention,Beingconvincedoftheneedtofacilitateinternationaltrade,Haveagreedasfollows:PartI-SphereofApplicationandGeneralProvisionsArticle1-SphereofApplication(1)ThisConventionappliestocontractsofsaleofgoodsbetweenpartieswhoseplacesofbusinessareindifferentStates:(a)whentheStatesareContractingStates;or(b)whentherulesofprivateinternationallawleadtotheapplicationofthelawofaContractingState.(2)ThefactthatthepartieshavetheirplacesofbusinessindifferentStatesistobedisregardedwheneverthisfactdoesnotappeareitherfromthecontractorfromanydealingsbetween,orfrominformationdisclosedby,thepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract.(3)NeitherthenationalityofthepartiesnorthecivilorcommercialcharacterofthepartiesorofthecontractistobetakenintoconsiderationindeterminingtheapplicationofthisConvention.第一部分-适用范围和一般规定第一条-适用范围（1）本公约适用于在不同国家设有营业地的当事人之间的货物销售合同：（a）当国家是缔约国；或（b）当私法规则导致适用缔约国的法律。（2）当事人的营业地设在不同的国家，但是根据合同或者当事人在合同订立前后的交往或者透露的信息，在任何时候都不表明这种事实的，应当不予考虑。（3）当决定适用本公约时，当事人的国籍、民事或者商事性质以及合同的民事或者商事性质均不应被考虑。Article2-InterpretationoftheConventionIntheinterpretationofthisConvention,regardistobehadtoitsinternationalcharacterandtotheneedtopromoteuniformityinitsapplicationandtheobservanceofgoodfaithininternationaltrade.第二条-本公约的解释在解释本公约时，应当考虑其国际性质和促进适用本公约的统一性以及在国际贸易中遵守诚信原则的需要。Article3-ContractstoWhichtheConventionDoesNotApplyThisConventiondoesnotapplytosales:(a)ofgoodsboughtforpersonal,familyorhouseholduse,unlesstheseller,atanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract,neitherknewnoroughttohaveknownthatthegoodswereboughtforanysuchuse;(b)byauction;(c)onexecutionorotherwisebyauthorityoflaw;(d)ofstocks,shares,investmentsecurities,negotiableinstrumentsormoney;(e)ofships,vessels,hovercraftoraircraft;(f)ofelectricity.第三条-不适用本公约的合同本公约不适用于以下销售：（a）购买用于个人、家庭或者家用的物品，除非卖方在合同订立前或者合同订立时既不知道也不应该知道货物是购买用于个人、家庭或者家用的；（b）通过拍卖销售；（c）根据法律规定执行或者以其他方式执行的销售；（d）股票、股份、投资证券、可转让票据或者货币；（e）船舶、舰艇、气垫船或者飞机；（f）电力。PartII-FormationoftheContractArticle4-ParolEvidenceRule(1)Acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.Itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.(2)Thepartiesmay,subjecttotheprovisionsofthisConvention,agreeinwritingorotherwisethatacontractforthesaleofgoodsisconcluded:(a)byofferandacceptance;or(b)inanyothermannerthatsufficientlyindicatesthatthepartiesintendtobeboundbysuchacontract.(3)Ifthepartiesdonotconcludeacontractinaccordancewithparagraph(2)ofthisarticle,nocontractisconcludedunlessthepartiesagreeotherwise.第二部分-合同的订立第四条-口证规则（1）销售合同不必在书面形式下订立或者有书面证据，也不受任何形式的要求限制。它可以通过任何手段证明，包括证人。（2）除非本公约的规定另有规定，当事人可以书面形式或其他方式达成协议，一份货物销售合同包括：（a）要约和承诺；或（b）其他足以表明当事人拟订合同。（3）如果当事人未按照本条第（2）项的规定达成合同，则除非当事人另有约定，否则不订立合同。Article5-Offer(1)Aproposalforconcludingacontractaddressedtooneormorespecificpersonsconstitutesanofferifitissufficientlydefiniteandindicatestheintentionoftheofferortobeboundincaseofacceptance.(2)Aproposalissufficientlydefiniteifitindicatesthegoodsandexpresslyorimplicitlyfixesormakesprovisionfordeterminingthequantityandtheprice.第五条-要约（1）向一个或者多个特定人提出的达成合同的建议如果足够明确，并且表明发出要约的人在接受的情况下有意被约束，则构成要约。（2）如果要约表明货物，并明确或隐含规定或就确定数量和价格等问题作出了规定，则要约足够明确。Article6-Acceptance(1)Acceptanceofanoffermustbemadebyastatementorotherconductoftheoffereeindicatingassenttotheoffer.(2)Anacceptanceiseffectiveonlyifitreachestheofferorwithinthetimehehasfixedor,ifnotimeisfixed,withinareasonabletimeaftertheoffer.(3)Anacceptancemaybewithdrawnifthewithdrawalreachestheofferorbeforeoratthesametimeastheacceptancewouldhavebecomeeffective.第六条-接受（1）接受要约必须通过陈述或者其他行为表示接受。（2）只有在达到要约方确定的时间内或者在适当的时间内达到要约方时，接受才是有效的。（3）如果撤回在接受生效之前或同时到达要约方，则接受可以被撤回。Article7-RevocationofOffer(1)Anoffer,evenifitisirrevocable,maybewithdrawnifthewithdrawalreachestheoffereebeforehehasdispatchedanacceptance.(2)Iftheofferallowsacceptancebyperforminganactwithoutacommunicationofacceptance,theoffermaynotberevokediftheoffereehascommencedperformance.(3)Anirrevocableoffercanonlyberevokediftherevocationreachestheoffereebeforehehasdispatchedanacceptance.第七条-撤回要约（1）即使要约是不可撤销的，如果撤回在接受派发之前到达受邀方，则要约可以撤回。（2）如果要约允许通过未作接受通知的行为进行接受，则在受邀方已经开始履行之前无法撤回要约。（3）不可撤销的要约只能在派发接受之前到达受邀方的情况下被撤回。Article8-InterpretationofStatementsandConductoftheParties(1)ForthepurposesofthisConventionstatementsmadebyandotherconductofapartyaretobeinterpretedaccordingtohisintentwheretheotherpartykneworcouldnothavebeenunawarewhatthatintentwas.(2)Iftheprecedingparagraphisnotapplicable,statementsmadebyandotherconductofapartyaretobeinterpretedaccordingtotheunderstandingthatareasonablepersonofthesamekindastheotherpartywouldhavehadinthesamecircumstances.第八条-当事人的陈述和行为的解释（1）为本公约的目的，当事人的陈述和其他行为应根据其意图进行解释，如果另一方当事人知道或者不可能不知道其意图是什么。（2）如果上述第（1）项不适用，则当事人的陈述和其他行为应根据与另一方当事人处于同样环境的一个合理人会理解的方式进行解释。Article9-StatuteofFraudsAcontractofsaleneednotbeevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.Itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.However,anycontractofsalebetweenthepartiesthatisnotevidencedbywritingorbyanyothermeanssatisfyingtherequirementsofarticle11isnotenforceablebywayofactionorexceptionunlessthepartyagainstwhomenforcementissoughtadmitsthecontract.第九条-欺诈条款销售合同不必由书面形式证明或以其他形式证明，也不受任何形式的要求限制。它可以通过任何手段证明，包括证人。然而，当事人之间的任何未能达成书面形式或满足第十一条要求的其他形式的销售合同，除非被追求履行一方承认该合同，否则不具有可执行性。PartIII-SaleofGoodsArticle10-FormalRequirements(1)Acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.Itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.(2)Anoffer,acceptanceoranyotherindicationofintentiontobeboundiseffectiveevenifitisnotmadeinorevidencedbywriting.第三部分-货物销售第十条-形式要求（1）销售合同不必在书面形式下订立或者有书面证据，也不受任何形式的要求限制。它可以通过任何手段证明，包括证人。（2）即使没有书面形式的要约、承诺或者对被约束的任何其他表达，也都是有效的。Article11-WritingandContractFormation(1)Acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.Itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.(2)However,wherethelawrequiresthatacontractofsalebeconcludedinorevidencedbywriting,orwherethepartieshaveagreedthatthecontractbeconcludedinorevidencedbywriting,acontractdoesnotfailtobeenforceableforthatreasonalone.(3)Acontractwhichisnotconcludedinorevidencedbywritingisnotinvalidforthatreasonalone.Theyshallbedeemedtohaveconcludedacontractonthetermssetforthintheirpreviouscommunications,unlesstheofferornotifiestheoffereethathedoesnotconsiderhimselfboundbytheoffer.(4)Theprovisionsofthisarticlemaynotbederogatedfrombytheparties.第十一条-书面形式和合同订立（1）销售合同不必在书面形式下订立或者有书面证据，也不受任何形式的要求限制。它可以通过任何手段证明，包括证人。（2）然而，当法律要求以书面形式订立或者证明销售合同的存在，或者当当事人已经同意以书面形式订立或者证明销售合同时，销售合同不因此未能执行而无法执行。（3）未在书面形式下订立或者证明合同并不因此无效。如果要约方未在合理期限内通知承诺方其不认为自己受约束，则应被视为根据双方之前的通信条款订立了合同。（4）当事人不得扰乱本条的规定。Article12-FormationintheAbsenceofanOfferForthepurposesofthisConvention,ifthepartiesagreethatacontractistobeconcluded,butcontemplatethatthegoodsaretobemanufacturedorotherwiseproducedoracquiredbytheseller,thesellerisconsideredtohaveofferedtothebuyertosellthegoodsthatheisgoingtoproduceoracquire.Thebuyerisconsideredtohaveacceptedtheofferwhenheordersthegoods.第十二条-没有要约的合同订立在本公约的范围内，如果当事人同意达成合同，但是考虑到货物由卖方生产或者以其他方式获取，卖方被认为是提出向买方销售即将生产或者获取的货物的要约。当买方订购货物时，应视为买方接受了要约。Article13-TimeforAcceptanceAnoffer,evenifitisirrevocable,lapsesifitisnotacceptedinaccordancewiththetermsoftheofferorifnotimeisfixed,withinareasonabletime.Whatisareasonabletimeisaquestionoffactanddependsonallthecircumstancesexistingatthetimetheofferismadeor,ifatimeforacceptanceisfixed,atthetimetheofferisreceived.第十三条-接受时间如果未按要约表示的接受条件进行接受，即使要约是不可撤回的，其期限届满也即终止。如果没有规定接受时间，应在适当的时间内进行接受。什么是适当的时间是事实问题，取决于要约发出时或者在接受时间规定时存在的所有情况。Article14-LateAcceptanceAlateacceptancebyoneofthepartiesisneverthelesseffectiveasanacceptanceifwithoutdelaytheotherpartyorallysoinformsthepartymakingtheofferordispatchesanoticetothateffect.第十四条-迟到的接受如果另一方当事人在适当的时间内口头通知要约方或派送通知，说明是否接受该迟到的接受，则即使有一方当事人迟到接受，仍然是有效的。Article15-BattleofForms(1)Areplytoanofferwhichpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsadditions,limitationsorothermodificationsisarejectionoftheofferandconstitutesacounter-offer.(2)However,areplytoanofferwhichpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsadditionalordifferenttermswhichdonotmateriallyalterthetermsoftheofferconstitutesanacceptance,unlesstheof