高中英语阅读技巧及练习

高一英语阅读理解专讲专练八

抓主干，理枝叶

长难句增加，是近年高考阅读理解试题不可忽视的现象之一。英语的长句可分为两类：

含有数量较多的定语或状语的简单句和含有数量较多的各种从句的并列句或复合句。阅读长

句的基本方法是抓主干，理枝叶。抓主干就是抓句子的主体部分，也就是主语和谓语，它们

是传达信息的主要载体；理枝叶就是分析句子的附加部分，不论它们有多长，有多复杂，它

们都是辅助成分，我们只要明确它们与主体的关系就可以了。如：

Themoonissofarfromtheearththatevenifhugetreesweregrowingonthe

mountains,andelephantswerewalkingabout,wecouldnotseethemthrough

themostpowerfultelescopeswhichhaveeverbeeninvented.

这个长句的主干就是Themoonisfarfromtheearth,其他部分，如状语从句、定

语从句等，都是为突出主题服务的。

PassageA

阅读理解

TheWinterOlympics,whichisalsocalledtheWhiteOlympics,werefirstheld

asaseparatecompetitionin1924atChamonixMontBlanc,France.Atthis

time,manycolorfulstampsarepublishedtomarkthegreatgames.Thefirst

stampmarkingtheopeningoftheWhiteOlympicswasissued（发行）onJanuary

25,1932intheUnitedStatestocelebratethethirdWhiteOlympics.®From

thenon,issuingstampsduringtheWhiteOlympicsbecameatradition.

ToobservethefourthWinterOlympicGames,@agroupofstampswere

publishedinGermanyinNovember,1935.ThefiveringsoftheOlympicswere

printedonthefrontofthesportswear.Itwasthefirsttimethatthesymbol（象

征）appearedonstampsoftheWinterOlympics.

Inthe1950s,thestampsofthiskindbecamemorecolorful.WhentheWinter

Olympicscame,thehostcountriesaswellasthenonhostcountriespublished

stampstomarkthosegames.

ChinaalsopublishedfourstampsinFebruary,1980,whentheChinese

sportsmenbegantomarchintotheareaoftheWhiteOlympics.

JapanistheonlycountryinAsiathathaseverheldtheWhiteOlympics.

Altogether14,500millionstampsweresoldtoraisefunds（经费）forthissports

meet.

Differentkindsofsportswereprintedonthesesmallstamps.Peoplecan

enjoythebeautyofthewonderfulmovementsofsomeathletics.

根据文章内容，选择正确答案:

1.PeoplehavepublishedstampsmarkingtheWinterOlympics.

A.sincethefirstWhiteOlympicsin1932

B.whenthefirstOlympicsgamesstarted

C.sincethethirdWinterOlympicsin1932

D.onthesamedayofthethirdOlympics

2.Fromthepassagewecanseethat.

A.theChinesesportsmenbegantotakepartintheWinterOlympicsin1980

B.itwasin1980thattheChinesebegantopublishstamps

C.theChinesebegantotakepartintheOlympicsgamesinthe1980s

D.ChinaheldtheWinterOlympicsin1980

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.ThethirdWinterOlympicsopenedonJanuary25,1932.

B.Publishingstampsisawayofraisingmoneyforthesportsmeet.

C.InAsiaonlyJapanheldtheWinterOlympics.

D.Inthe1950sallthecountriespublishedstampstomarkthegames.

难句注释

①ThefirststampmarkingtheopeningoftheWhiteOlympicswasissuedon

January25,1932intheUnitedStatestocelebratethethirdWhiteOlympics.

Totalwords:226

Readingtime:

Readingspeed:

为了庆祝第3届冬季奥运会，纪念其开幕的第一枚邮票于1932年1月25日在美国发

行。

②toobservethefourthWinterOlympicGames为了庆祝第四届冬季奥运会。

observe意为''举行；庆祝〃。

PassageB

阅读理解

Today,rollerskating（旱冰）iseasyandfun,anditispopularthroughoutthe

world.Peoplerollerskateoutsideonpathsandroads,andinsideinrinks.Buta

longtimeago,itwasnteasyatall.Before1750,theideaofskatingdidn

texist.ThatchangedbecauseofamannamedJosephMerlin.Merlin'sworkwas

makingmusicalinstruments.Inhissparetimehelikedtoplaytheviolin.Joseph

Merlinwasamanfullofideasanddreams.Peoplecalledhimadreamer.

OnedayMerlinreceivedaninvitationtoattendafancydressball（化装舞会）.

Hewasverypleasedandalittleexcited.Asthedayofthepartycamenear,

Merlinbegantothinkhowtomakeagrandentrance（隆重出场）attheparty.He

hadanidea.Hethoughthewouldgetalotofattentionifhecouldskateintothe

room.

Merlintrieddifferentwaystomakehimselffool.@Finally,hedecidedtoput

twowheelsundereachshoe.Thesewerethefirstrollerskates.Merlinwasvery

proudofhisinventionanddreamedofarrivingatthepartyonwheelswhile

playingtheviolin.②

OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.

Everyonewassurprisedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadno

waytostophisrollerskates.Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahuge

mirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingintopieces.

③NobodyforgotMerlinsgrandentranceforalongtime!

根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

1.Thetextismainlyabout.

A.astrangeman

B.anunusualparty

C.howrollerskatingbegan

D.howpeopleenjoyedthemselvesinthe18thcentury

2.PeoplethoughtMerlinwasadreamerbecausehe.

A.oftengaveotherssurprisesB.wasagifted（有天赋的）musician

C.inventedtherollerskatesD.wasfullofimagination

3.Merlinputwheelsunderhisshoesinorderto.

A.drawtheguestsattentions,arriveatthepartysooner

C.testhisinventionD.showhisskillinwalkingonwheels

4.Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

A.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.

B.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.

C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation(超出预料).

D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.

难句注释

①Merlintrieddifferentwaystomakehimselffool.

默林尝试不同的方法使自己看起来有点滑稽。

Totalwords:261

Readingtime:

Readingspeed:

②Merlinwasveryproudofhisinventionanddreamedofarrivingatthe

partyonwheelswhileplayingtheviolin.

默林为他的发明感到非常骄傲，并且梦想滑着轮子演奏小提琴出现在晚会现场。

beproudof因……骄傲

dreamofdoingsth.梦想做某事

(§)Downfellthemirror,breakingintopieces.

镜子掉了下来，摔成了碎片。

PassageC

阅读理解

DwightW.MorrowwasanAmericanambassador（大使）toMexicoduringthe

1920s.Heisrememberedasasmartdiplomat（外交家）・①Heisalso

心不在焉）.

Oncewhileonatrain,aconductorcametoMorrow,askingforhisticket.He

begantosearchhispockets.Noticketappeared.Morrowbegansearchinghis

suitcase.''Nevermind,sir/'saidtheconductor,seeinghowanxiousMorrowwas

becomingandtryingtocomfort（安慰）him.''Whenyoufindyourticketjustpost

ittothestation.I'msureyouhaveitsomewhere.z,

''I'msure,too."saidthediplomatashewentonwithhissearch.''ButImust

findit.IneedtoknowwhereI'mgoing!"

AnothertimeMorrowgotoffatraininNewYorkandhurriedtoatelegraph

office,where,feelingnotunlikeasmallboywhohadgotlost,②hesentthe

followingtohissecretary:''IaminNewYorkbutdontknowwhy.〃Within

minutescametheshortreply:''YouarenotsupposedtobeinNewYork.You

shouldbeinPrincetongivingalecture.”

根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

1.ThepassagemainlyshowsMorrow's.

A.clevernessasadiplomatB.foolishness

C.senseofhumor（幽默感）D.absentmindedness

2.Morrowwasveryupset（彳:安）whenhecouldntfindtheticket

because.

A.hehadforgottenwherehewasgoing

B.hewouldbepunishedifhecouldntshowhisticket

C.theconductorlookedimpatient（不耐烦的）

D.theconductormightthinkhewaslying

3.WhenMorrowgotoffthetraininNewYork,.

A.heforgottheaddress

B.heforgethissuitcase

C.hedidnotknowthathewasinawrongcity

D.hissecretarywasnttheretomeethim

难句注释

①Heisrememberedasasmartdiplomat.

在别人的记忆中，他是个精明的外交家。

Totalwords:202

Readingtime:

Readingspeed:

②...feelingnotunlikeasmallboywho

hadgotlost...感觉不啻于一个迷路的小男孩……

PassageD

完形填空

''Arobbery（抢劫案）avoicecamefromtheradio.Johnwasdrivinghome

latelastnightfromatrip,andnowhewashavingtroublestaying1•①He

turned2theradioandtriedtofixhisattentiononthe3,buthiseyeskepton

closing.

Itwas4thathenoticedthehitchhiker（搭便车者）bytheroad.®5even

thinkingaboutwhathewasdoing,hestoppedthecar.

''ToMidrille?"''Getin."ThehitchhikergotinandimmediatelyJohnwas6that

hehadpickedhimup.Theyoungman7astrangefaceandlonghair.WhenJohn

askedhimquestionsabouthimself,hechangedthe8.

John9thenews.Hebegantosweat（出汗）andhisthoughts10nervously（紧

张t也）toallthemoneyhewas11.

Atthenextsmalltownhestoppedhiscarandsaid,''Imsorry.Imso12

thatIcantdriveyoutoMidrille.IthinkIIIfinda13andspendthenight."

Theyoungmanslowly14intohispocket.''Thisisit!〃thoughtJohn.Atthat

15momentheconsideredshoutingforhelp,butinsteadofagun,thehitchhiker

pulledoutseveral16.''Oh,no.Idon'twantyourmoney.Justgetout.Okay?"

Theyoungmanlooked17,Heinsistedon18Johnthemoney.Johnwatched

untilhis19haddisappearedfromsight,thensteppedonthe20anddroveout

oftown.®

根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

1.A.asleepB.earlyC.strongD.awake

2.A.onB.offC.upD.over

3.A.outsideB.newsC.speedD.way

4.A.thereB.earlierC.thenD.moment

5.A.WithoutB.AfterC.ByD.For

6.A.happyB.sadC.angryD.sorry

7.A.woreB.ownedC.hadD.made

8.A.placeB.subjectC.questionD.face

9.A.rememberedB.thoughtC.heardD.forgot

10.A.gotB.arrivedC.changedD.turned

11.A.payingB.havingC.carryingD.borrowing

12.A.afraidB.hungryC.coldD.sleepy

13.A.restaurantB.shopC.hotelD.station

14.A.reachedB.forcedC.gotD.put

15.A.importantB.veryC.longD.short

16.A.knivesB.photosC.handkerchiefsD.bills

17.A.frightenedB.puzzledC.worriedD.curious

18.A.givingB.offeringC.handingD.returning

19.A.driverB.friendC.passengerD.thief

20.A.doorB.gasC.windowD.motor

难句注释

①...andnowhewashavingtroublestayingawake.现在他很难保持清醒。

②Itwasthenthathenoticedthehitchhikerbytheroad.

就在那时他注意到马路边有个搭便车者。

此句是Itis/was…that…的强调句型。

(3)Johnwatcheduntilhispassengerhaddisappearedfromsight,then

steppedonthegasanddroveoutoftown.

约翰一直注视着他的乘客直到他消失在视线之外，然后踩足油门驶出了小镇。

PassageA

本文介绍了为庆祝冬季奥运会的召开，各国常发行一些纪念邮票。

1.C.根据文章的第三句可知。

2.A.中国在1980年第一次参加冬奥会。

3.D.其他三项原文都有提到。

PassageB

本文介绍了滑旱冰这一体育运动的由来。

1.C.本文的话题是旱冰运动的起源.

2.D.一个充满梦想的人。

3.A.目的是为了引人注目。

4.C.根据''NobodyforgotMerlinsgrandentranceforalongtime!”可知

Merlin取得了超出他预想的成功。

PassageC

本文介绍了一位精明的外交家心不在焉的两个轶事，从侧面反映其不拘小节。

1.D.根据本文所举的几个例子可以看出本文主要讲Morrow的

absentmindedness。

2.A.从、'IneedtoknowwhereImgoing!”可得出正确答案。

3.C.本文最后一句话表明了这一点。besupposedto…应该...

PassageD

本文记叙了John在旅行回家途中让一个人搭便车，却误认为他会抢劫而在半路让其下

车的事。

1.D.stayawake指''保持清醒的状态”，下文有暗示。

2.C.开大音量以驱去睡意。注意收音机已开。

3.B.收音机播放有关抢劫的新闻。

4.C.强调时间"then",意为''就在那时候”。

5.A.withoutthinking意为''不假思索"。外国人有让人搭便车的习惯。

6.D.他立刻觉得后悔了。

7.C.had此处意为''长着……

8.B.subject意为''谈话的主题”。改变话题。

9.A.记起了刚才的新闻。

10.D.思想转向身上的钱。

11.C.carry意为''携带的"。

12.D.根据第一小节中"hewashavingtroublestayingawake”得出sleepy（瞌睡

的）。

13.C.根据后文的''spendthenight”来推测应是找''旅馆

14.A.reachintohispocket意为''把手伸进口袋”。

15.B.very在