英语语法：名词性从句之主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句

英语语法：名词性从句之主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句

高考英语语法：名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。在复合句中能作主语、宾语、

表语、同位语等。形容词性从句即定语从句；副词性从句即状语从句；

名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。名词性

从句须用陈述语序。

引导名词性从句的连接词有从属连词：that,whether,if,asif,as

though;连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,

whomever,which,whichever,whose;连接副词:when,where,

how,whyo

一、主语从句

1,主语从句即在句子中做主语的从句。

常用it作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末，谓语动词一般用

单数形式。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.

常用下列句式:Itisafactthat,Itisanhonorthat,Itiscommon

that,Itisapitythat,Itissaidthat,Itseemsthat,Itisnaturalthat

等。

2,what与that在引导主语从句时的区别：

what引导主语从句时在从句中充当主宾表等句子成分，that不充当句

子成分。

Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.

Thatsheloveshimisatruth.

3,It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较：

1）It作形式主语是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分,

都可用连词引导，强调人时也可用

thatwhoo

2）判断句子是否强调句，只要将连接部分itis/was...that/who去掉,

句意仍然完整的，就是强调句。

3）强调句只强调主语、宾语或状语，注意句型itisnotuntil...that

及特殊疑问句中的强调句。

Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathebegantodohis

homework.

Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?

Whatisitthatyouwanttosay?

Itisonlywhenyouappreciatesomethingthatanenduring

feelingofhappinesswillfollow.

4,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever可弓|导名词性从句和

状语从句，nomatterwhat/who/whom/which只能引导状语从句。

whenever,wherever,however不能引导名词性从句，只能引导状语

从句,相当于

nomatterwhen/where/howo

Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelights.

Wiseparentsdonotgivethechildrenwhatevertheywant.

直击高考：

例1Eventually,Idecidedtofollowherand(26)happened

trulyamazedme.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,

in(27)shedistributedittochildren.(2016上海真题)

最终我决定跟踪她，所发生的一切确实让我吃惊。她把这些食物带到难

民营，在那里分发给孩子们。

例2,-We'veonlygotthissmallbookcase.Willthatdo?

-No,__Iamlookingforissomethingmuchbiggerand

stronger.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.Which

（2012上海真题）

我们只有这个小书柜，你要吗？不，我想要找的是更大更坚固的。

例3,istrueofskatingisalsotrueoflife.（2019上海闵行区

一模）

那些对于滑冰真实可信的道理同样适合于生活。

例4,wouldbeagreeableisthatateaplantthatprovidesall

thetasteandgoodnessbutwithlittleor（23）ofthecaffeine

hasbeenfound.

（2019上海杨浦区一模）

令人高兴的是一种具有所有这些茶的味道和好处但很少或不含咖啡因

的茶树被发现了。

例5,Perhaps（30）mymotherhadtoldmewasdeeply

rootedinmymind.Ijustdidasshehadexpected.（2014上海真

卷）

或许我妈妈告诉我的一切深深植根于我心中，我所做的正如她期待的一

样。

例6,Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuch

stress（34）doesyouharm.（2016上海真卷）

但就像许多其它事物一样，只是过多的压力才对人有害。

例7,-Wasitbycuttingdownstaffshesavedthefirm?

-No,itwasbyimprovingworkefficiency.

A.whenB.whatC.howD.that（2012上海真题）

她是通过裁员拯救了这家公司吗？不是，是通过提高工作效率。

例8,Itwasatthezoo（29）thebirdwasgivenahomeina

roomfilledwithabedoficesohewouldnztoverheat.（2019

上海青浦一模）

正是在动物园里这个鸟才有了一个家，这个家在一个充满雪床的房间里

所以他不会感觉太热。

二、宾语从句

1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句，that在句中不担任任何成分。that

引导名词性从句，只有在宾语从句中，可以省略，在其它从句中一般不

省略。

2,think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,expect,consider等动

词后的否定性宾语从句，要否定前移。

Idon'tthinkyouareright.

Idon,tsupposethatthepoliceknowwhodidit.

3,动词+it+if/when从句,常用动词有hate,enjoy,like,dislike,

appreciate,prefer

Ihateitifyousaysuchthingsinpublic.

WezIIappreciateitifyoubookticketsforus.

4,介词后的宾语从句与介词+关系代词引导的定语从句的区别。

Itwasamatterofwhowouldtaketheposition.

Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterests.

定从:Heisamanofrichexperience,fromwhommuchcanbe

learned.

Sarahhopestohaveafriend,withwhomshecanshareher

interests.

直击高考：

例9,Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuch

morethan(8)theygo.(2019北京真卷)

学生们在大学里怎么做似乎要比他们选择去什么地方重要得多。

彳列10,Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'

awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthan(27)was

objectivelyoccurringintheirlives.(2019上海奉贤区一模)

一个非常有趣的发现是妈妈们对压力的意识比那些实际发生在她们生

活中压力更重要。

例11,Hehadalreadybeenaware,forexample,(26)Lee

hadonly61,000mentoHooker'sown134,000.(2019上海徐

汇区一模)

例如，他已经意识到李只有61000人,而胡克自己有134000人。

例12,TheDanesdon'tknow（22）theirfriendsand

neighborsarebeingtakenaway.Theydon'tknowwherethey

aregoing,either.Buttheydoknowthatitiswrongand

dangerousandthattheymusthelp.（2019上海宝山区一模）

丹麦人不知道为什么他们的朋友和邻居被带走，他们也不知道他们要去

哪里。但他们确实知道那是错误和危险的，他们必须做点什么。

例13,I'mnotsure（61）ismorefrightened,meorthe

femalegorilla（大猩猩）thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.

（2018全国3卷）

我不确定谁更感到害怕，是我还是那个突然不知从哪出来的大猩猩。

例14,Psychologistscallthisphenomenonhedonicadaptation

（享乐适应症）一thatis,（23）good

somethingmakesusfeel,mostofthetimewedriftbackto（24）

westarted.

（2019上海金山区一模）

心理学家把这种现象称为享乐适应症，也就是说，无论某件事情让我们

感觉多么好，大多数情形下，我们又会回到之前的状态。

三、表语从句

在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。

常用下歹峋式：Thereasonisthat,Itappears/seemsthat,It

happensthat,Itturnsoutthat,Itlooksasif,Itseemsasthough

等。

Itlooksasifyouhavenoexperience.表语从句

Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendforyears.状语从句

YouaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequalandthisiswhereI

agree.

直击高考：

例15,Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.

A.howB.whenC.whereD.why（2018北京真卷）

如果没有他的帮助，我们不可以像现在这样。

例16,Oneday,microbialsignaturesmightshow_29_people

havegoneandwhattheyhavetouched.Theycouldprove

30_anunmarkeddeviceisyours.（2019上海黄浦区一模）

微生物特征可能显示人们去了哪里、触碰过什么。它们可能能证明一个

没有标记的设备是不是你的。

彳列17,Myonefearis(30)afterthisgreatachievement,

Steinwilllosehisabilitytobeacruelcriticofourshallowtimes.

(2019上海普陀一模)

我的一个恐惧是，在取得这个大成就之后，斯坦将失去他对于我们这个

肤浅的时代的严酷的批判力。

四、同位语从句

1、同位语从句是名词性从句，说明其前面的名词的具体内容，与先行

词是同位或等同的关系。定语从句是形容词性的，与先行词之间存在所

属关系，起修饰限定的作用。同位语从句常用that引导，that是连词，

不充当句中任何成分，不可省略。而定语从句中的that既代替先行词，

同时在从句中作主宾表语，作宾语时可省略。

ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.同位语从句

ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.

定语从句

Thereasonthathewasillyesterdayissuchabadexcuse.同位语

从句

Thereasonthathegaveforhislatenesswasthathedidn,tcatch

thebus.定语从句

2、同位语从句的先行词是一些有限的抽象性名词，如news,idea,fact,

belief,advice,demand,doubt,possibility,thought,proposal,

case,hope,information,message,order,problem,promise,

request,suggestion,wish,word,reason,question,truth,

conclusion,result,evidence.等。而定语从句的先行词可以是任何物

和人。

3,what可以引导同位语从句，在从句中充当主宾表语。what不能引

导定语从句。

whether,how可以引导同位语从句，不可引导定语从句。

Ididn'thavetheideawhatyoumean.同位语从句

Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.同位语从句

Itisaquestionhowhedidit.同位语从句

4,when,where,why的先行词与从句意义相关时，它们是关系副词，

引导定语从句。不相关时，这些词是连接副词，引导同位语从句。

Doyouhaveanyideawherehelives?同位语从句

HesolvedtheproblemwhytheTVwasoutoforder,同位语从句

Thequestionwhenwestarttheworkisnotdecided.同位语从句

Thereasonwhyhewaslateforclasswasnotthereasonthathe

gaveme.定语从句

直击高考：

例18,Itmeansdoingtherightthingdespitethefact(28)

youareafraid,That'sheavystuffforachildren'snovel.(2019上海

宝山一模)

它意味着做正确的事情，尽管事实上你很害怕。那对儿童小说来说是一

个沉重的话题。

例19,Hedoesnotaccepttheargument(30)e-bikes

presentadangertocitizens.(2019上海崇明区一模)

他不同意电动车会给市民带来危险的观点。

例20,Eveniftheyknowwhatthecompanyisupto,theystill

havenoidea(23)they*repayingforFacebook,becausepeople

donztreallyknowwhattheirpersonaldetailsareworth.(2019

上海嘉定区一模)

尽管他们知道这个公司是干嘛的，他们仍然不知道他们为脸书支付了什

么，因为人们并不真的知道他们的个人信息有什么价值。

例21,Evenworseisthepossibility(30)wewillhaveno

seafoodtoenjoyatall.(2019上海浦东一模)

更糟糕的可能是我们将根本就没有海鲜享用了。

例22,ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebig

landmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerare

northof88°,thereisevidence

(1)theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouth

asJamesBayinCanada.(2019全国1卷)

北极熊是在北极圈和远至新大陆南端的大块陆地聚集区被发现的。他们

很少在北纬88度的地区出现，有证据表明他们的足迹一路跨过北冰洋,

往南直抵加拿大的杰姆士湾。

例23,“There'snoquestion(26)plantsarecapableof

removingvolatilechemicaltoxinsfromtheairunderlaboratory

conditions,HsaysClaudio.（2019上海浦东三模）

克劳迪欧说：在实验室里植物有能力去除挥发性的化学毒气，这是不成

问题的。

五、what/which加名词引导的名词性从句

1,what/which可以作为限定词，后修饰名词，构成特殊疑问句。what

用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合，后可加else,不可力口。«who同）；

which用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合，后可带。f。后可接单复数。

如whatproblemshaveyoumet?Whatlanguagecanyouspeak?

Whichcitydoyoulivein?Whichcitieshaveyoubeento?

2,what/which加名词，可以引导名词性从句或短语，what/which作

名词的定语，句子用陈述语气。Idon'tknowwhichplaceIshould

goto.

此时what后可以是复数或不可数名词，不能是单数可数名词。

Hegavemewhatmoneyhehadabouthim.

IspentwhatlittletimeIhadwithher.IgavehimwhatbooksI

had.

直击高考：

例24,Teachersgetreal-timeupdatesonstudents*progressas

wellassuggestionson(28)subjectstheyneedtospend

moretimeperfecting.

(2020上海虹口一模)老师们有了时间去更好地更新学生们的进展以

及为学生需要花更时间完善哪门学科提出建议。

例25,Thebrothers'skillwastotranslatetheseintoauniversal

styleofwritingthatseemstomirror(30)moodsor

interestswebringtoourreadingofthem.(2020上海徐汇一模)

格林兄弟具有把这些东西诠释为一个普遍的写作形式的才能,而这种写

作形式似乎反映了我们在阅读它们时带入进的情绪和兴趣。

六、what引导的名词性从句

1,表示"……的东西或事情"，相当于"thethingthat...;allthat...;

everythingthat.…”：

Hesaveswhatheearns.WhatMaryisisthesecretary.

2,表示"……的人或的样子"，相当于thepersonthat

Heisnolongerwhathewas.WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhat

heisnow?

3,表示"……的数量或数目"，相当于theamount/numberthat

Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.

4,表示"……的时间"，相当于thetimethat:

Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.

5,表示”……的地方"，相当于theplacethat

ThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.

6,句型AistoBwhatCistoD,what相当于as，但在此句型不能

用as代替,what作连词用,弓I导状语从句。Airistouswhatwateris

tofish.

七、名词性wh-从句

wh-词包括who,whom,,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,

whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。wh-

从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补

语和间接宾语等：

主语：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.

直接宾语：Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.

间接宾语：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.

表语：Myquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentofthe

Foundation.

宾语补足语：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.

同位语:Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.

形容词宾语：I'mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.

介词宾语：Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.

八、虚拟语气(should)do

表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等语笛口表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意

义时，从句中的动词要用虚拟语气"(should)+d。"o

Itisnecessary/important/natural/strangethat,

Itissuggested/requested/desiredthat等句型中做主语。

insist,suggest,decide,advice,require,request,doubt等动词后做

宾语。

suggestion,order,requirement,advice,request,demand等名词

后做宾语或表语从句。以上情形下，从句中需要用虚拟语气（should）

doo

注意insist、suggest不表建议做某事时不用虚拟。如Heinsistedthat

hewasright.Hispalefacesuggestedhewasill.

直击高考答案：

l,whatwhich2,C3,what4,Whatnone5,what6,that7,D8,

that9,where

10,what11,that12,why13,which14,nomatterhowwhere

15,C16,wherewhether17,that18,that19,that20,what21,

that22,that

23,that24,what25,what

选择填空：

1.______youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.

A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This

2.Theyhavenoideaatall.

A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhego

C.whichplacehehasgoneD.wherehehasgoneto

3.leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.

A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who

4.Upongraduationheaskedtobesentto.A.wherehe

ismostneeded

B.whereheneededC.whereheismostlyneededD.whereishe

mostlyneeded

5.Thesephotographswillshowyou.

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike

6.Canyoumakesurethegoldring?A.whereAlicehad

put

B.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAlice

put

7.Noonecanbesureinamillionyears.A.whatman

willlooklike

B.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlook

willmanlike

8.theGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknown.

A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That

9.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.

A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for

10.youdon,tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.

A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether

11.Itissaidwasallhesaid.

A.thatthat;thatB.whatwhat;whatC.thatwhich,whatD.that

that,what

12.Heaskedfortheviolin.

A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid

13.—Doyourememberhecame?

—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if

14.isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternational

language.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

15.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofsharesher

interests.

A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho

16.wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.

A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what

17.we'IIgocampingtomorrowdependsonthe

weather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

18.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheor

shewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

19.causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.

A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where

20.Itwasamatterofwouldtaketheposition.

A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever

21.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

—Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.what

D.where

22.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworth

praising.

A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever

23.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddoIcanto

savethem.

A.thatB.whichC.whicheverD.whatever

24.shecouldnztunderstandwasfewerandfewer

studentsshowedinterestinherlessons.

A.That;whatB.What;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that

25.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtismymotherwill

recoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.

whetherD.why

26.isnopossibilityBobcanwinthefirstprizein

thematch.

A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whether

27.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,please

rememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly

hewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that

28.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivate

carsroadconditionsneed.A.that;tobe

improved

B.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;

improving

29.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday1sgame?

—Oh,that,s.A.whatmakesmefeelexcited

B.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenI

feelexcited

30.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,

andanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when

31.1thinkFatherwouldliketoknowI'vebeenupto

sofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.

whatD.how

32.Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwasawastelandten

yearsago.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where

33.Parentsaretaughttounderstandimportanteducation

istotheirchildren,sfuture.A.thatB.howC.suchD.so

34.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstandthey

insistongoingbymotor-bike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how

35.AfterYangLiWeisucceededincirclingtheearth,our

astronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.that

D.how

36.AstorygoesElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmore

thanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenat

court.

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that

37.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat

Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.

that

38.Alongwiththeletterwashispromisehewouldvisit

methiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

39.Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthe

game.

A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that

40.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretaryhewouldcallagain

intheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which

41.Thewayhediditwasdifferentwewereusedto.

A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich

42.1wassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize_

sillymistakesIhadmade.A.whatB.thatC.howD.which

43.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbackto

hisseat,feelingpleasedhewasamanofaction.A.whichB.

thatC.whatD.whether

44.Wehaven'tsettledthequestionofitisnecessaryfor

himtostudyabroad.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that

45.makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonal

services.

A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever

46.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswedid

thismorning.

A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what

47.Peterinsistedhepaythebill.A.onthatB.whatC.thatD.

onwhich

48.--Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?

—TheyalwaysletmedoIthinkIshould.A.whenB.that

C.howD.what

49.Enginesaretomachinesheartsaretoanimals.

A.asB.thatC.whatD.which

50.1justwonderthatmakeshimsoexcited.

A.whyitdoesB.whathedoesC.howitisD