Unit1+Laugh+out+loud!+Using+language+高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit1Laughoutloud!Whatdo“where”,“which”and“when”refertoineachsentence?Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Insentence(a)"where"refersto"thewaitingarea";insentence(b)"which"refersto"...laughterproduceschemicalstomakepeoplefeelbetter";insentence(c)"when"refersto"thetime".Whichsentencescontainaclausewithessentialinformationandwhichwithextrainformation?Ifyoutakeawaytheclauses,dothesentencesstillmakesense?3Whichclausesareseparatedbyacomma,theoneswithessentialinformationortheoneswithextrainformation?Sentence(c)containsaclausewithessentialinformation,sentences(a)and(b)containclauseswithextrainformation,Ifwetakeawaytheclauseofsentence(c),themeaningofitisincomplete.Ifwetakeawaytheclausesofsentences(a)and(b),thetwosentencesstillmakesense.Sentences(a)and(b)withextrainformationareseparatedbycommas.一、限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与主句的关系非常密切，不用逗号和主向隔开。它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况；如果去掉，就会影响向子意思的完整性。Non-definingattributiveclauses——非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的密切程度，定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句·Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth.医生就是负责人们健康的人。·ThisistheschoolwhereTomstudied.这就是汤姆学习过的学校。·IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。·Thisisthediamondring(that/which)shereferredto.这就是她提到过的那枚钻石戒指。二、非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句，是对先行词没有特别限制的定语从句。除了that和why不能引导之外（在非限制性定语从句中，that用who或which代替，why用forwhich代替），所有其他关系词如who,whom,which,whose,as,when，where等均可引导。Non-definingattributiveclauses——非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的基本特征非限制性定语从句与主句的关系只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主向的意思依然清楚完整。它与主向之问通常用逗号分开。翻译时常常不译作定语，而是译成与主向并列的句子，或者状语从句。·LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheSecondWorldWar.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，是关于第二次世界大战的。非限制性定语从句2.非限制性定语从句的使用情况(1)当关系代词指代整个主句内容时，用非限制性定语从句(用which或as引导)。·Theboywasbadlyill,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.那个男孩病得很厉害，这让他的父母很担心。

(2)当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时，用非限制性定语从句。·Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersawayfromtheearth,createsmanybeautifulstories.月球高地球384400千米远，它创造了很多美好的故事。非限制性定语从句2.非限制性定语从句的使用情况(3)先行词指某人的亲属关系，具有唯一性和确认性时，例如son,daughter,father,mother,wife等，用非限制性定语从句。·Myfather,whoisanexcellentviolinist,isleavingforCanadaforperformances.我爸爸是一名出色的小提琴手。他正准备去加拿大演出。(4)当引导定语从句的关系代词中，含有some/many/few/afew/little/alittle/none/much/most/halfofwhich(whom)等时，多用非限制性定语从句。·Iknowthreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.我认识三名外籍老师，其中两名来自加拿大。非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别非限制性定语从句which和as引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。关系代词which除了指代主句中的某个名词或者整个主句的内容外，还可以代替主向中的名词、形容词或形容词短语，甚至指代部分谓语动词。因为which能够表达比that和who更加丰富的内容，这是其他关系代词取代不了的。·Sheistheperfectaccountant,whichherpredecessorwasnot.她是一个完美的会计师，而她的前任不是。(which不单纯指代accountant，而是指代名词短语theperfectaccountant)非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词就是整个主句，它在定语从句中作主语、宾语。它引导的从句可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后，还可以位于主句中间。Theproject,aswehadexpected,gotalongwell．正如我们所预料的那样，工程进展顺利。（从句在主句中间，as作从句的宾语）非限制性定语从句as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句。但as和which具有不同的词义和用法。(1)as引导的定语从句，表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。引导定语从句时，as仍具有“正如，像，由……可知”等意思，这些字眼翻译时可不必译出。as定语从句中常含有这些动词：see,know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等。这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或向尾。非限制性定语从句as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别(1)as引导的定语从句，表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。Respectingtheoldandtakingcareoftheyoung,asweallknow,isagoodChinesetradition.众所周知，尊老爱幼是中国人的优良传统。非限制性定语从句as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别(2)which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明表明事物的状态或结果。which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常表示并列意义或状语意义。注意它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活，它只能位于主句的后面。Hechangedhismindagain,which(=andit)madeusallangry.他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。非限制性定语从句as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。Jennymightcome,inwhichcaseI'llaskher.詹妮可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。(4)当从句的谓语是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不用as。Hepretendednottoknowme,whichIdidn'tunderstand.他假装不认识我，这是我搞不明白的。ExerciseAfterwatchingtheirperformance,people_______areinabadmoodwillcheerup.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities_______theycangainexperienceforgrowth.Iamlookingforwardtotheday_______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.whowherewhenVocabulary1.essentialessential n.必需品；必不可少的东西essentially adv.本质上，根本上beessentialto/for… 对……极其重要Itisessentialthat...(should)do... ……极其重要anessentialpart 必不可少的一部分essentialconditions 必要条件Itisessential(forsb.)todosth (对某人来说)做某事是极其重要的/必不可少的练习：Itwillbeessential___________(examine)yourbodyeveryyear.toexamineVocabulary2.sensemakesenseofsth. 理解某事，弄懂某事There'snosensein(doing)sth. （做）某事没道理。ina/onesense 从某种意义上说makenosense 没有道理，没有意义innosense 绝不asenseofhumour/direction 幽默感/方向感commonsense 常识 练习：_______asense,whatyousaidisreasonableInVocabulary3.impressimpression n.印象impressive adj.令人钦佩的，给人深刻印象的impresssb.withsth. 某事/物给某人留下深刻印象beimpressedwith/by 对……印象深刻impresssth.onsb. 使某人了解某事的重要性impresssth.onone'smind/memory 使某人把……铭记在心Vocabulary3.impressItimpressessb.that 令某人钦佩的是leave/makea(n)impressiononsb. 给某人留下……印象firstimpression 第一印象animpressiveperformance 令人难忘的演出练习：Iwasimpressed_________hishonestywhenwemetforthefirsttime.with/byVocabulary4.entertaindeservetodosth. 值得做某事,应该做某事deserveall/everythingsb.get 罪有应得deserveconsideration/attention 值得考虑/注意练习：Thedoctordeserves_________(win)theglory.towindeservedoing=deservetobedone，动名词的主动形式表被动含义，类似的还有：need/want/requiredoing=need/want/requiretobedone。E.g.Hiseyesneed/want/requireexamining.=Hiseyesneed/want/requiretobeexamined.

他的眼睛需要检查一下。Readthepassageandrewritethetipsusingnon-definingattributiveclauses.Addmoretipstothelistifyoucan.•Goforawalkinthecountryside,whereyoucanenjoythebeautifulviewsandapeacefulatmosphere.•Spendtimewithyourfamilyandfriends,

whichwillactivatechemicalsinyourbraintomakeyoufeelhappier.•Trytoacceptyourmistakes,where/throughwhichyoucanlearnalot.•Closeyoureyesandpicturethefuture,whereyou'vemadeyourdreamscometrue.Completethejokewiththesentencepartsintheboxusingwho/whichandputcommasinthecorrectposition.

“Watson,”

Holmessays,

“look

upatthestars,

andtell

me

what

theytellyou.

”

Notquitesure

what

hemeans,

Watsonthinks

Holmes

is

joking

2____________________atthis

timeof

night.

Evenso,

he

replies,

“Isee

millionsof

stars

and

it’s

quite

likelythereare

some

planets

like

Earth.And

ifso,this

means

that

there

mightalso

be

lifeon

other

planets.

”Watson

is

pleasedwith

his

answer

3___________________________________.

But

Holmes

4___________________________shouts,

“Watson,

lookaroundyou!Useyoureyes!

Somebody’sstolenourtent!”Oneday,SherlockHolmesandDrWatsongocamping.Theyputuptheirtentunderthestarsandgotosleep.Suddenly,inthemiddleofthenight,WatsoniswokenupbyHolmes1

____________.whoislyingnexttohimwhichhefindsannoyingwhichhethinkswillimpressHolmeswhohaslosthispatiencebynowListenandcompletetheconversations.asmileeartoearheadoffsmilelaughingMatchtheexpressionsyouhavecompletedinActivity5totheirmeanings.Nowtalkabouthowthespeakersdiscussmanagingtheirtime.Listenagainif

necessary.laughingstockbeallsmilesgrinfromeartoearcrackasmilelaughone'sheadoffWorkinpairs.Discussothersituationsinwhichyoucouldusetheseexpressions.Listentotheradioprogrammeandchoosethepicturesmentioned.abcdListenagainandcompletethenotes."the

washing

of

the

lions"18th

and

19th

centuries

d1965

BBC

News

Channelsmells

to

be

carriedcListenagainandcompletethenotes.1957a

really

good

harvestaListenagainandcompletethenotes.Completetheboxeswithexpressionsfromtheradioprogramme.Let'sstartwith...;Now,myfavouriteone...It'sagoodone!Idon'tgetit.That'ssofunny!Icanimagine!Exercise(1)Ilostabook,

_______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitle B.itstitleC.thetitleofit D.thetitleofthat(2)LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,

_______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhich

B.forthatC.inwhich

D.whatExercise(3)Thismachine,_______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelooked

B.whichIhave