2025版高考英语一轮总复习考点突破专题二“形”“态”各异的动词第一讲动词的时态语态与主谓一致考点二被动语态

考点二被动语态一、各种时态的被动语态形式(以do为例)时态一般式进行式完成式现在时am/is/are＋doneam/is/are＋being＋donehave/has＋been＋done过去时was/were＋donewas/were＋being＋donehad＋been＋done将来时shall/willbe＋doneshall/will＋havebeen＋done过去将来时would/shouldbe＋donewould/should＋havebeen＋doneAfterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatitwasbeingdecorated.(过去进行时的被动语态)放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。【点津】(1)含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态，由“情态动词(can,may,must,haveto，usedto等)＋be＋done”构成；(2)含有begoingto,beto,beaboutto等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态，其构成为“begoingto(beto,beaboutto)＋be＋done”。二、主动形式表示被动意义的几种状况英语中有很多动词，如clean,sell,read,write,wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种状况下，常常和easily,well等副词连用。Thiskindofclothcleanseasily.这种布料简洁清洗。【点津】(1)主动语态表被动意义强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。(2)感官动词feel,sound,taste,look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn'tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但养分不足。(3)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词，worth等形容词的后面，动词-ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Yourcompositionstillrequirespolishing/tobepublished.你的文章出版前还需润色。(4)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”中，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.这个问题很难解决。(可看作省略了forme)(5)betorent/blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。Whoistoblameforthemistake?谁应为这个错误担当责任？即时演练(五)单句语法填空1．(2024·全国甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstillbeemployed(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2．Whenreceivingtheletterlastnight,Ididn'tnoticewhatwasmarked(mark)onthebackoftheletter.3．Ourcityisbecomingamodernone.Moreandmoretallbuildingshavebeenbuilt(build)inthelastfiveyears.4．Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,sells(sell)well.5．Meetingsareheld(hold)everytwodaysinthecompanyandheisfedupwiththem.6．(2024·浙江1月卷)IntheMingDynasty，thecenterwastheForbiddenCity，surroundedinconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCi