2024年江苏省连云港市赣榆区和安中学中考三模英语试题（解析版）

2023–2024学年度连云港市赣榆和安中学中考三模试题九年级英语试题（本卷满分120分共8页考试时间120分钟）一、单选题（10分）1.—Whichuniversitydoyouwanttogoto?—Iprefer________universityin________English-speakingcountrysothatIcanpracticeEnglishoften.A.an;a B.a;an C.the;a D.an;the【答案】B【解析】句意：——你想上哪所大学？——我更喜欢在说英语的国家上大学，这样我可以经常练习英语。考查冠词的用法。a一，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，特指。分析可知，两空都表示泛指，且“university”和“English”分别以辅音和元音音素开头，所以分别用不定冠词a和an。故选B。2.—Whosedictionaryisthis?—It________beSarah’s.Look!Hernameisonit.A.must B.need C.mustn’t D.needn’t【答案】A【解析】句意：——这是谁的字典？——它一定是Sarah的。看！她的名字在它上面。考查情态动词辨析。must一定；need需要；mustn’t

禁止；needn’t不必。根据“Look!Hernameisonit.”可知，此处表示十分肯定的推测，应填must，故选A。3.LargeaircraftlikeC919mustmeet________safetystandardsbeforebeingdeliveredtoairlines.A.serious B.lasting C.loyal D.strict【答案】D【解析】句意：大型飞机如C919在交付航空公司之前，必须满足严格的安全标准。考查形容词辨析。serious严重的；lasting持久的；loyal忠诚的；strict严格的。根据“LargeaircraftlikeC919mustmeet...safetystandardsbeforebeingdeliveredtoairlines.”可知，此处指的是严格的安全标准，故选D。4.—Mr.Sigmund,Igetangryeasily,________whenmyparentsdon’tagreewithme.—Pleasetrytocontrolyourselfandlearntoputyourselfintheirshoes.A.specially B.especially C.completely D.simply【答案】B【解析】句意：——Sigmund先生，我易怒，尤其是当我父母不同意我的时候。——请试着控制自己，学会设身处地地为他们着想。考查副词辨析。specially专门地；especially尤其是；completely完全；simply简单地。根据“whenmyparentsdon’tagreewithme.”可知此处着重指出，特别是父母不同意的时候，强调某事物的独特性或重要性用especially。故选B。5.Jackmadeanumberofkites,but________ofthemcanflyinthesky.A.neither B.none C.all D.either【答案】B【解析】句意：杰克做了很多风筝，但没有一只能飞到天上去。考查不定代词。neither两者都不；none都不（三者及以上）；all所有的；either两者选一。根据“madeanumberofkites,but”可知是指做了很多风筝，没有一只能飞到天上去。故选B。6.Two-wayefforts(双向奔赴)describesany________thatbothsidesworkingtogethertowardsasharedgoal,gettingclosertoeachother.A.instruction B.situation C.invention D.suggestion【答案】B【解析】句意：双向奔赴形容任何双方为了共同的目标而共同努力，彼此更加接近的情况。考查名词辨析。instruction用法说明；situation情况；invention发明；suggestion建议。根据“thatbothsidesworkingtogethertowardsasharedgoal,gettingclosertoeachother”可知，此处是描述双方共同努力、更加接近这种情况。故选B。7.Thestudentsworkedingroupsto________thedifficultprobleminthemathclass.A.workout B.turndown C.cutoff D.worryabout【答案】A【解析】句意：学生们分组算出数学课上的难题。考查动词短语。workout计算出；turndown拒绝；cutoff切断；worryabout担心。根据“thedifficultprobleminthemathclass”可知，此处指计算出难题。故选A。8.—Kitty,didyouenjoythefarewellparty?—Yes.We________wellbyourhosts.A.weretreated B.aretreated C.treated D.havetreated【答案】A【解析】句意：——凯蒂，你喜欢这个告别晚会吗？——是的。主人对我们招待得很好。考查动词时态和语态。根据“didyouenjoy...”可知，讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以时态是一般过去时，结合“byourhosts”可知，我们是被招待的对象，所以用被动语态，这里是一般过去时的被动语态，结构是（was/weredone），故选A。9.—Canyoutellme________?—Sure.Iusuallygivesomebookstoavillagelibrary.A.whenWorldBookDayis B.whenisWorldBookDayC.howyoucelebrateWorldBookDay D.howdoyoucelebrateWorldBookDay【答案】C【解析】句意：——你能告诉我你是如何庆祝世界图书日的吗？——当然。我通常会把一些书送给村里的图书馆。考查宾语从句。根据“Iusuallygivesomebookstoavillagelibrary.”及选项可知，此处询问如何庆祝世界读书日，询问方式，应用how引导宾语从句。宾语从句应为陈述语序，排除D选项。故选C。10.—Myparentsalwaysspeakhighlyoftheirfriends’children,butnevercareaboutmyprogress.—Don’tfeelsad.Justasthesayinggoes,“________.”A.Everydoghasitsday B.Nopain,nogainC.Practicemakesperfect D.Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside【答案】D【解析】句意：——我的父母总是高度评价他们朋友的孩子，但从不关心我的进步。——别难过。俗话说：“这山望着那山高”。考查谚语。Everydoghasitsday凡人皆有得意时；Nopain,nogain一分耕耘，一分收获；Practicemakesperfect熟能生巧；Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside这山望着那山高。根据语境可知，说话者父母总是认为别人家的孩子更好些，故应用“Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside”来形容人们不满足现状，总觉得别人的条件比自己好，或觉得得不到的总是更有诱惑力。故选D。二、完形填空（15分）Oneofmyearliestmemoriesisplaying“shops”withmygranddadwhenIwas5yearsold.After____11____schoolat15,Iworkedinafruitshop,butIhadno____12____ofhowtorunmyownshopbackthen.Severalyearslater,Igotmarried.MyhusbandEricandIheardaboutashopforsaleinthenearbyvillage.Wehadalookanddecidedtohaveashopofourown.ThatwasJanuary1973.Shopkeepingwas____13____tous,soweoftendidn’tknowwhatthe____14____wereaskingfor.Butwesoonlearned.Wecantellbytheweatherhow____15____theshopisgoingtobe.Onwetdaysthereareveryfewpeoplearound,andwhenit’s____16____peoplewantbreadandmilk,asthey’reworriedaboutbeingsnowedin.Whenit’shot,everyonebuyscolddrinksandicecream.Morepeopleshoponlinenowadays,buttheystillcomehereforthings____17____fromtheirorder.I’vekeptupwithtechnologyandhaveacardreader,buttheshopitselfhasn’tchangedmuch.Now,asI’mgettingolder,it’sopenfrom7a.m.to6p.m.onweekdays____18____closingat8:30p.m.However,Ikeepitopenuntil2p.m.atweekends.Ericpassedaway16yearsago,butIam____19____gettingridof(处理掉)theshop.Iloveitall—talkingtothecustomersandgetting____20____theywant.Therearecustomerswhocomeintwoorthreetimesaday,andweseeseveralgenerationsoffamilies.Customersoftentellmetheir____21____andIofferadviceifIcan.Itwasthe50thanniversary(周年纪念)oftheshoponJanuary13thisyear.Iwantedtodosomething____22____,soIheldapartyandhaddrinksandnibbleswithcustomers.Ialso____23____abookaboutmymemoriesintheshop.It’scalledJustAskJenny,asI’malwaysthefirstportofcallwhenanyonewantstoknow____24____.Thisshophasbeenmylife.Inever____25____I’dstillbehereafter50years,butIloveitandthepeople.It’swhatkeepsmegoing,andI’vegotnoplanofretiring(退休).11.A.attending B.leaving C.visiting D.changing12.A.choice B.time C.decision D.idea13.A.good B.new C.experienced D.disappointed14.A.market B.sellers C.users D.customers15.A.common B.expensive C.cold D.busy16.A.snowy B.rainy C.windy D.sunny17.A.appearing B.coming C.missing D.producing18.A.asaresultof B.becauseof C.infearof D.insteadof19.A.always B.never C.seldom D.often20.A.what B.how C.that D.which21.A.suggestions B.questions C.problems D.surprises22.A.traditional B.historical C.changeable D.special23.A.read B.wrote C.borrowed D.learned24.A.anything B.everything C.nothing D.nobody25.A.imagined B.hoped C.felt D.worked【答案】11.B12.D13.B14.D15.D16.A17.C18.D19.B20.A21.C22.D23.B24.A25.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者开店的经历。【11题】句意：15岁离开学校后，我在一家水果店工作，但当时我不知道如何经营自己的店。attending参加；leaving离开；visiting参观；changing改变。根据“Iworkedinafruitshop”可知，作者不再上学，开始工作了，因此是离开学校。故选B。【12题】句意：15岁离开学校后，我在一家水果店工作，但当时我不知道如何经营自己的店。choice选择；time时间；decision决定；idea主意。根据“but”可知，此处是指尽管作者在水果店工作，但不知道如何经营自己的店，havenoidea“不知道”，故选D。【13题】句意：开店对我们来说是新鲜事物，所以我们经常不知道顾客在问什么。good好的；new新的；experienced有经验的；disappointed失望的。根据下文“Butwesoonlearned.”可知，此处是指作者开店是新手，没有经验。故选B。【14题】句意：开店对我们来说是新鲜事物，所以我们经常不知道顾客在问什么。market市场；sellers卖方；users使用者；customers顾客。根据语境和下文“Customersoftentellme”可知，此处是指作者不知道顾客想要什么。故选D。【15题】句意：我们可以通过天气来判断商店的繁忙程度。common常见的；expensive昂贵的；cold冷的；busy忙碌的。根据下文“Onwetdaysthereareveryfewpeoplearound”和“Whenit’shot,everyonebuyscolddrinksandicecream.”可知，此处指通过天气来判断商店的繁忙程度，故选D。【16题】句意：在下雨天，周围的人很少，当下雪的时候，人们想要面包和牛奶，因为他们担心被大雪困住。snowy下雪的；rainy下雨的；windy多风的；sunny晴朗的。根据“asthey’reworriedaboutbeingsnowedin”可知，是指下雪天，故选A。【17题】句意：现在越来越多的人在网上购物，但他们仍然会来这里购买订单中缺失的东西。appearing出现；coming来；missing错过，缺少；producing生产。根据“fromtheirorder”可知，人们仍然到商店里来购买他们购物单上缺少的东西。故选C。【18题】句意：现在，随着我年龄的增长，在工作日从早上7点开到下午6点，而不是晚上8点半关门。asaresultof由于；becauseof因为；infearof担心；insteadof而不是。根据“it’sopenfrom7a.m.to6p.m.onweekdays...closingat8:30p.m.”可知，此处是指现在关门时间是下午6点，而不是之前的晚上8点半。故选D。【19题】句意：埃里克16年前就去世了，但我永远也不会把这家店卖掉。always总是；never绝不会；seldom很少；often经常。根据“Iloveitall”及后文可知，作者一直继续开着这个店，因此不会放弃这个店。故选B。【20题】句意：我喜欢它的一切——通过与顾客交谈，给他们想要的东西。what什么；how如何；that那个；which哪一个。根据“getting...theywant”可知，此处是指给顾客得到他们想买的物品，考查宾语从句，应用what引导从句，同时what在从句作宾语。故选A。【21题】句意：顾客经常告诉我他们的问题，如果可以的话，我也会提供建议。suggestions建议；questions问题；problems问题；puzzles迷惑。根据“IofferadviceifIcan”可知，这里是指顾客的棘手问题，这些问题是需要解决的，应用problems。故选C。【22题】句意：我想做一些特别的事情，所以我举办了一个聚会，和顾客一起喝饮料吃零食。traditional传统的；historical历史的；changeable可变的；special特殊的。根据下文“soIheldapartyandhaddrinksandnibbleswithcustomers.”可知，此处是指作者想做点特别的事情来庆祝开店50周年，其他选项不符合句意。故选D。【23题】句意：我还写了一本关于我在店里的回忆的书。read阅读；wrote写；borrowed借；learned学习。根据“abookaboutmymemoriesintheshop”可知，作者还写了本书，故选B。【24题】句意：这本书叫JustAskJenny，因为任何人想知道任何事，我总是第一个被想到的人。anything任何事；everything一切；nothing没有什么；nothing没有东西。根据“anyonewantstoknow”可知，是指任何人想要知道任何事，作者都是第一个被想到的人，故选A。【25题】句意：我从没想过50年后我还会在这里，但我喜欢这里和这里的人。imagined想象；hoped希望；felt感到；worked工作。结合语境可知，作者最初不懂经营小店，慢慢学习经营之道；即使丈夫去世，也未想过放弃，也从未想象过50年后还生活在这里，未来作者还会继续在这里开店，因为作者喜欢这里，喜欢这里的人。故选A。三、阅读理解（40分）AOfalltheChinese24solarterms,ClearandBright(清明)istheonlyonewhosefirstdayisalsoatraditionalChinesefestival,theQingmingFestival.Thewords“clear”and“bright”describetheweatherduringthisperiod.Temperaturesbegintoriseandrainfallincreases,makingitanimportanttimeforgrowingcropsinthespring.Asisknown,itisatimetoworshipancestors(祭拜祖先).However,herearesomethingsyoumaynotknowaboutClearandBright.SpringOutingsNotonlyisitaperiodtohonorthedead,butitisalsotimeforpeopletogooutandenjoynature.Astreesturngreen,flowerscomeout,andthesunshinesbrightly,everythingreturnstolife.Itisafinetimetoenjoythebeautyofnature.FlyingKitesFlyingkitesisanactivitylovedbymanyChineseduringTomb-SweepingDay.Kitesarenotonlyflownduringthedaytimebutalsointheevening.Littlelanternsaretiedtothekites.Andwhenthekitesareflyinginthesky,thelanternslookliketwinklingstarsatnight.Whatmakesflyingkitesduringthisdayspecialisthatpeoplecutthestringwhilethekiteisintheskytoletitflyfreely.Itissaidthatthisbringsgoodluckandthatdiseasescanbedrivenawaybydoingthis.CujuCujuisaninterestinggameplayedduringthisperiod.Juisaballmadeofleatherwithhairsinit.ItissaidthattheYellowEmperorfirstinventeditfortrainingwarriors.Later,CujuwasusedbypeopletobuilduptheirbodieswhentheywereunabletoeathotfoodduringtheColdFoodFestival.QingtuanInthelowerpartsoftheYangtzeRiverregion,qingtuanisverypopularonTomb-SweepingDay.Qingtuanisakindofroundgreencake.Inordertomakethecakes,peoplemash(捣碎)barnyardgrass(艾草)tosqueezejuicefromitandmixtheflourandjuicetoapaste.Thentheyputfillingsintothepasteandsteamthem.Prettyanddelicate,qingtuantastesspecial.26.WhatisspecialaboutflyingkitesduringClearandBright?A.Flyingkitestobringgoodluck. B.Cuttingthekitestringtoletitflyfreely.C.Flyingkiteswithlanternsintheevening. D.Flyingkitesbothinthedaytimeandatnight.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ClearandBrightisanimportantperiodforfarming.B.KitesareonlyflownduringthedaytimeintheQingmingFestival.C.CujuwasinventedbytheYellowEmperortoplayintheQingmingFestival.D.QingtuaniseatenduringtheperiodofClearandBrightalloverChina.28.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Flyingkitesinaspecialway. B.ThehistoryoftheQingmingFestival.C.WaystohavefunduringClearandBright. D.SomeunknowncustomsaboutClearandBright.【答案】26.B27.A28.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了清明节的习俗，包括踏青、放风筝、蹴鞠运动、吃青团等活动。26题】细节理解题。根据“Whatmakesflyingkitesduringthisdayspecialisthatpeoplecutthestringwhilethekiteisintheskytoletitflyfreely”可知，放风筝的特别之处在于：剪断风筝线，让它自由地飞翔。故选B。【27题】细节理解题。根据“Temperaturesbegintoriseandrainfallincreases,makingitanimportanttimeforgrowingcropsinthespring”可知，清明节期间，气温开始上升，降雨量增加，所以是种植农作物的重要时期。故选A。【28题】主旨大意题。根据“However,herearesomethingsyoumaynotknowaboutClearandBright.”和全文内容可知，本文介绍了关于清明节的一些你不知道的习俗。故选D。BAyoungboyiscryingbecausehisearhurts.Thenamancomesoutoftheforest.Hecarriessomejuicefromawhitefungus.Carefully,hedripsthejuiceintotheboy’sear.InsomerainforestvillagesofSouthAmerica,that’showearachesarecured(治愈)!Rainforestdoctors,calledshamans,usemanykindsofplantsasmedicine.Theymaketeafromonetypeofredvine(藤蔓).Itcuresstomachaches.Yellowflowersfromanotherplantareusedtotreatsnakebite.Localshamanshaveusedthecuringpowerofplantsforthousandsofyears._________Today,scientistsfromallovertheworldwanttolearnwhattheseshamansknowaboutplantmedicines.Theyareracingtofindthesecretsoftherainforestbeforetheplantsdisappearforgood.Andtherainforestsaredisappearingfast.Everyyear,peoplecutdownanareaofrainforestaslargeasFlorida.Sometimestheywanttousethelandforfarms.Sometimestheycutdownthetreesandsellthewood.Nowthescientiststravelbyboat,air,andfoottotinyrainforestvillages.Thentheyspendlonghoursmakingtheirwaythroughthehotandhumidjungle(丛林)withthelocalshamans.Theshamansshowthescientistswhichplantscanbeusedascures.SavingtheRainforestOneU.S.companyhasalreadyfoundanimportantnewmedicine.ItcomesfromaplantfoundintherainforestsofEcuador.Thismedicinemaysoonbeusedtocurelunginfectionsinkids.Rainforestplantsmightcuremanybaddiseases,suchascancerandAIDS.Somedicinecompaniesareworkingtosavetherainforests.Whenpeoplebuymedicinesmadefromtherainforestplants,partofthemoneywillgotohelpsavetherainforests.Iftherainforestssurvive,somedayyoumayfindcuresinyourhomethatweremadefromwhitefungusandredvines.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“He”inParagraph1mostprobablyreferto?A.Theboy’sfather. B.Theboy’steacher.C.Arainforestscientist. D.Arainforestdoctor.30.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.Manyrainforestplantsareusedasmedicines.B.TherainforestsintheUSaredisappearingfast.C.Localshamanscancuredifferentkindsofdiseases.D.There’remanyplantsintheforestofSouthAmerica.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin“________”?A.LosingtheRainforest B.LookingfortheMedicinesC.LearningfromtheShamans D.WalkingthroughtheRainforest32.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RainforestDoctors B.RainforestMedicinesC.TheMedicineCompanies D.TheSurvivingRainforest【答案】29.D30.A31.C32.B【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了热带雨林医生，也被称为萨满，使用多种热带雨林中的植物作为药物治病。但是热带雨林正因为人类原因快速消失。医药公司正在努力拯救热带雨林。如果热带雨林幸存下来，有一天你可能会在家里找到用白色真菌和红色藤蔓制成的治疗药物。【29题】词句猜测题。根据“Hecarriessomejuicefromawhitefungus.Carefully,hedripsthejuiceintotheboy’sear...Rainforestdoctors,calledshamans,usemanykindsofplantsasmedicine”可知，他带着一种白色真菌的汁液。他小心翼翼地把果汁滴进男孩的耳朵里。故可推测出给这位小朋友治疗的应是一位热带雨林的医生。故选D。【30题】主旨大意题。通读第一、二段和“Rainforestdoctors,calledshamans,usemanykindsofplantsasmedicine.Theymaketeafromonetypeofredvine(藤蔓).Itcuresstomachaches...”可知，许多热带雨林植物被用作药物。故选A。【31题】推理判断题。根据“Today,scientistsfromallovertheworldwanttolearnwhattheseshamansknowaboutplantmedicines”和“Theshamansshowthescientistswhichplantscanbeusedascures.”可知，今天，来自世界各地的科学家都想了解这些萨满知道多少植物药。萨满向科学家们展示哪些植物可以用来治病。故选项C“向萨满学习”最符合。故选C。【32题】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了热带雨林医生，也被称为萨满，使用多种热带雨林中的植物作为药物治病。但是热带雨林正因为人类原因快速消失。医药公司正在努力拯救热带雨林。如果热带雨林幸存下来，有一天你可能会在家里找到用白色真菌和红色藤蔓制成的治疗药物。故选项B“热带雨林的药物”符合语境。故选B。C①700yearsbeforetheWrightbrothersbeganexperimentingwithhumanflight,theChinesehadalreadygotitssecrets—withkites.②KitesmayhavebeeninventedinChinaasearlyas500B.C.E.Whilesomekiteswereflownforfun,otherkitesprovidedkeytechnologiesfordailylife.Chinesefishermenusedkitestocarrytheirlinesfarouttosea.Sailorsusedthemtotakeameasurementofthewind.③TheChinesecraftsmenwereveryclever!Theymadetheirkitesfrombambooandsilk,andtheycameinallkindsofcoolshapes,like80-foot-longdragons.ThesekitesshowedoffancientChina’sgreattechnology.Theirwingsandtailscouldevenmove!AsChineseengineersexperimentedtomakethekitesflyevenhigher,theydiscoveredthescienceofaerodynamics(空气动力学).Theymadethewingsoftheirkitesworklikeairfoils(机翼)—thesamedesignusedinmodernplanes.④Andtheman-carrierswerethemostamazingChinesekites.AncientChinesepeoplemayhavemadethemacommonsightbythe1200s.Thekitesweremuchlargerthanasmallairplane.Theyweremadefromstrongbamboopolestiedtogetherandthencoveredwithsilk.Duringwars,Chinesescoutsusedman-carryingkitestoflyhighintheskyandspyontheirenemies—similartomodernspyplanes.⑤Inthelate1200s,theItalianbusinessmanandexplorerMarcoPolowasamazedbywhathesawinChina,andhewroteadetaileddescription.WhenhereturnedtoItaly,mostpeoplerefusedtobelievehim.Theycouldnotimaginethatapersoncouldfly.⑥CenturiespassedbeforeEuropeanslearnedthesecrets—oftenbyflyingkitesimportedfromChina.In1804,anEnglishengineer,SirGeorgeCayley,builtthefirstmodelairplanes.Heusedkitestomakethewings.About100yearslater,Americaninventors,includingtheWrightbrothers,alsofoundideasfortheirflightexperimentsbyflyingkitesfirst.33.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?AHowpeoplemadekites. B.Whenkiteswereinvented.C.Whatkiteswereusedfor. D.Wherekiteswereinvented.34.WhyaremodernplanesmentionedinParagraph3?A.TodescribethepopularityofancientChinesekites.B.TogetreaderstolearnaboutthehistoryofChinesekites.C.ToshowtheexcellentskillsofkitemakinginancientChina.D.TotellthedifferencesbetweenmodernplanesandChinesekites.35.Whichisthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?a.SirGeorgeCayleybuiltthefirstmodelplanes.b.AncientChinesemadelargeman-carryingkites.c.MarcoPolotoldItaliansaboutChineseamazingkites.d.TheWrightbrothersdidflightexperimentsbyflyingkitesfirst.A.b-c-d-a B.b-c-a-d C.c-d-a-b D.c-b-a-d36.What’sthestructureofthepassage?A. B. C. D.【答案】33.C34.C35.B36.D【解析】【导语】本文讲述了中国人在风筝制作和飞行方面的悠久历史和重要贡献，这些技术不仅用于娱乐和日常生活，还启发了后来的航空技术发展，对现代飞行器的设计产生了深远影响。【33题】主旨大意题。根据“wereflownforfun”、“usedkitestocarrytheirlinesfarouttosea.”和“usedthemtotakeameasurementofthewind.”可知，为了好玩，把鱼线带到很远的海里以及测量风，都是风筝的作用，所以此段主要讲述风筝的用途。故选C。【34题】推理判断题。根据“Theymadethewingsoftheirkitesworklikeairfoils(机翼)—thesamedesignusedinmodernplanes.”可知，他们把风筝的翅膀做成了像机翼一样的形状——与现代飞机的设计相同，也就是说古代做风筝的技术能匹敌现代飞机的设计，由此可知中国古代制作风筝的精湛技艺。故选C。【35题】细节理解题。根据“In1804,anEnglishengineer,SirGeorgeCayley,builtthefirstmodelairplanes...About100yearslater,Americaninventors,includingtheWrightbrothers,alsofoundideasfortheirflightexperimentsbyflyingkitesfirst.”可知，a“乔治·凯利爵士制造了第一批模型飞机”发生在d“莱特兄弟首先用风筝做了飞行实验”之前，排除选项A和C；根据第四和第五段可知，先是古人制造了大型的载人风筝，马可·波罗在看到这种风筝，返回意大利后再告诉意大利人这种风筝，b发生在c之前。故选B。【36题】篇章结构题。通读全文可知，①段引出主题——风筝，②③④段介绍了风筝在古代中国的起源和发展，⑤⑥段讲述风筝到外国的传播以及影响。故选D。DAbout71percentoftheEarth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.Waterinnatureissaltwaterandfreshwater,butonlythreepercentofthatamount(数量)isfreshwater.Alotoforganizationsaresayingthatpeoplearerunningoutofusablewater,butfewaretakingthisproblemseriously.Whyshouldthey?Theyseewatereverywhere.TheaverageAmericanfamilyusesmorethan1,140liters(升)ofwaterathomeperday.However,indevelopingcountries,nearly900millionpeopledonothavesafedrinkingwater.Watershortagesare,infact,abiggerproblemtodaythaneverbefore.Thehumanpopulationhascontinuedtogrowandwithit,itsneedforwater.Globalwarmingismakingthisproblemmoreserious.Unlesswealltakeitseriously,wewillenduphavingtoliveonablueplanetwithoutadropofusablewater.Fromtakingshortershowerstoreusingwater,therearemanywaysforyoutosavewater.Onemorethingyoucandoistoreduceyouruseof“virtualwater”.Perhapsyouhaveneverheardoftheideaof“virtualwater.”Itmeansthewateryouuseindirectly.Wenotjustdrinkwateranduseittocleanallkindsofthings;wealso“use”itthroughtheproductswebuy.ToproduceapieceofA4paper,forexample,weneedabouttenlitersofwater.Theproductionofourfoodrequiresevenmorewater.Acowneedstoeat1,300kilogramsofgrain(谷物)forthreeyearsbeforeitcanproduce180kilogramsofbeef.Thegrainrequireswatertogrow,thecowneedstodrink,andthefarmerneedswatertocleanhisfarm.Sobehindeach230-gramsteakdinner,therearenearly3,600litersofwater!Itwillmakeabigdifferenceifyouremovesomemeatfromyourdietandeatmorefruitandvegetablesinstead.Youarealsosavingwaterwhenyouarewritingonbothsidesofpaperinsteadofjustone.Theworldisrunningoutofusablewater.Everydropofitisvaluable.37.Howmuchdoessaltwatertakeupthetotalamountofwaterontheearth?A.3%. B.68%. C.71%. D.97%.38.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmaycausethewatershortages?①Thegrowinghumanpopulation.②Theproperreprocessofwater.③Thegreatneedfordrinkingwater.④Theincreasinggreenhouseeffect.A.①②④ B.①③④ C.①②③ D.②③④39.Amongthefollowingexamples,whichonebelongsto“virtualwater”?A.Takingashower. B.Washingsomeclothes.C.Makingacupoftea. D.Producingakiloofmutton.40.Whatisthewriter’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?A.Toimprovetheunderstandingofsavingwater.B.Todiscussthechallengeoflivingonanotherplanet.C.Toexplainthereasonsofprotectingtheenvironment.D.Toshowthepossibilityofturningsaltwaterintofreshwater.【答案】37.D38.B39.D40.A【解析】【导语】本文主要指出了重视水资源短缺问题的重要性，并且提供了节约水资源的方法。【37题】推理判断题。根据“Waterinnatureissaltwaterandfreshwater,butonlythreepercentofthatamount(数量)isfreshwater”可知，自然界的水分为咸水和淡水，但其中只有3%是淡水，故可推测出，有97%都是咸水。故选D。【38题】细节理解题。根据“TheaverageAmericanfamilyusesmorethan1,140liters(升)ofwaterathomeperday.However,indevelopingcountries,nearly900millionpeopledonothavesafedrinkingwater...Thehumanpopulationhascontinuedtogrowandwithit,itsneedforwater.Globalwarmingismakingthisproblemmoreserious”可知，人口持续增长，对水的需求也随之增加。全球变暖使这个问题更加严重。故选B。【39题】推理判断题。根据“Perhapsyouhaveneverheardoftheideaof‘virtualwater.’Itmeansthewateryouuseindirectly.Wenotjustdrinkwateranduseittocleanallkindsofthings;wealso‘use’itthroughtheproductswebuy”可知，也许你从未听说过“虚拟水”这个概念。它指的是你间接使用的水。我们不只是喝水，用它来清洗各种各样的东西；我们也通过我们购买的产品“使用”它。故可推测出，选项D“生产一公斤羊肉”属于“虚拟水”。故选D。【40题】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要指出了重视水资源短缺问题的重要性，并且提供了节约水资源的方法。故作者写这篇文章是为了提高大家的节约用水意识。故选A。E请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Today’steenshavegrownuponline.____41____Theydohomeworkonline.Andsurelytheygettheirnewsonline.ButbecausetheyaresocomfortablewiththeInternet,theyseldomquestionthenewsstoriesonline.NowWilliamColglazier,ahistoryteacheratahighschoolinAmerica,isteachinghisstudentshowtothinkcritically(批判性地)aboutonlineinformationandrecognizeafake(假的)newsstory.Hisideacamefromastudyonpeople’sonlinereasoning(推理)atStanfordUniversity.____42____Mostmiddleschoolstudentsinthestudycouldnottellthedifferencebetweenanadvertisementandanewsstory,andhighschoolandcollegestudentsfullytrustedthewebsitesendingin“.org”.Thegoodnewsisthat,accordingtoColglazier,onceteensrealizethey’vebeencheated,theyhavestrongwilltotelltruthfromlies.“____43____andhowtorecognizewhenothersusepoorargumentation(论据),”hesaid.SomeoftheadvicethatColglazieroffershisstudentsincludesmovingoffthesitetofindmoreinformationaboutthesite,thewriter’smotivations(动机)andtheorganizationbehindthenewsstory.____44____Hehopesmorekidswouldthinkcriticallywhentheyreadnewsonline.“____45____”hesaid.“Ifpeoplecan’ttellrealnewsfromfakenews,theresultscanbefrightening.”A.TheInternetisbothbeautifulandugly.B.Theymakefriendsonline.C.Thestudyfoundthatyoungpeoplelackabilitytotelltruthfromlies.D.ThestudyfoundthatyoungpeoplelackabilitytoreasonabouttheinformationontheInternet.E.TheInternetisbetweenbeautifulandugly,FColglaziersharedsomeofhiscourseswithotherteensinTeenVogue.G.Buttheyneedsomeadviceonhowtofindevidence(证据).【答案】41.B42.D43.G44.F45.A【解析】【导语】本文主要告诫青少年对网络新闻要进行理性思考以及如何辨别网络新闻的真伪。【41题】根据“Today’steenshavegrownuponline”及“Theydohomeworkonline”可知，此处介绍青少年在网上做的事情，B选项“他们在网上交友”符合，故选B。【42题】根据“MostmiddleschoolstudentsinthestudycouldnottellthedifferencebetweenanadvertisementandanewsstoryMostmiddleschoolstudentsinthestudycouldnottellthedifferencebetweenanadvertisementandanewsstory”可知，此处阐述研究发现年轻人缺乏对互联网上的信息判断能力，D选项“研究发现，年轻人缺乏对互联网上的信息进行推理的能力”符合，故选D。

【43题】根据“andhowtorecognizewhenothersusepoorargumentation”可知，and连接并列的关系，所以此空所填的句子应是how+动词不定式的结构，G选项“但是他们需要一些关于如何找到证据的建议”符合，故选G。【44题】根据“Hehopesmorekidswouldthinkcriticallywhentheyreadnewsonline”可知，他做了一些事情，目的是希望更多的孩子在网上阅读新闻时能够进行批判性思考，F选项“Colglazier在《TeenVogue》杂志上与其他青少年分享了他的一些课程”符合，故选F。【45题】根据“Ifpeoplecan’ttellrealnewsfromfakenews,theresultscanbefrightening”可知，如果人们不能分辨真新闻和假新闻，结果可能是可怕的，所以网络是既有好的一面又有不好的一面，A选项“互联网既美丽又丑陋”符合，故选A。四、短文填空（10分）Manytraditionalwoodcutprints(版画)areeitherblackandwhiteorsimpleincolour,butreductionwoodcuts(绝版木刻)canshowrichcolours.Thereductionwoodcutusesonepieceofwoodtomakea____46____(colour)artwork.Theartistcutsandprintsdifferentlayers(层)inorderonthesamepieceofwood.Thereductionwoodcutsbecameanintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)inPu’er,Yunnan,____47____2009.LengGuangmian,inhis____48____(forty),isareductionwoodcutartist.Lengstartedlearningitin2003.Hesaidthatmakingreductionwoodcutprintsisjustlikeanadventure.“Everytimewecutonthewoodandthenprint,weneverknow____49____itwillbelikeintheend.”Finishingsuchworkisnoteasy.Hesaidthatbeforecutting,heneedstoplanfor____50____wholeprintandchoosecoloursfordifferentlayers.Abigprintusuallytakesmonthstofinish.LenghopesthatbothwoodcuttingskillsandthelifeinPu’er____51____(show)throughhiscreativeartwork.“Formyworks,therearetwothemes:TeaHorseRoad(茶马古道),becausePu’erisoneofthestartingplacesofthatroad;anddisappearingvillages,”Lengsaid.“ManyoldvillagesinPu’erneed____52____(build)again.Asaresult,Iwanttomakepeopleremembertheir____53____(beautiful)beforetheyaregone.”LengGuangmianisnowgettingmorepeople____54____(know)aboutthereductionwoodcut.HetrainsfarmersinPu’erandbringstheartintoschools.Tomakestudentsunderstandtheartbetterandlearnitmorequickly,heeventhoughtofan