备考2025届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit5Adelicateworld外研版选择性必修第二册

Unit5AdelicateworldMacquarieIslandisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Whenhumansarrivedontheislandin1810，theybroughtrats，mice，catsandrabbitsonend.Subsequently，allofthemwereoutofcontrolanddamagedtheecologyontheislanddramatically.Bothratsandcatsdevelopedanappetitefornativebirds，makingthebirdsendangered.Rabbitsapparentlymultipliedandcausedsoilerosion.Toremovetherabbits，aviruswasreleased.Butthedecreaseoftherabbitscausedcatstoeatmorenativebirds.Inthe1980s，asubstantialnumberoftrapsanddogswereusedtocatchthecats.Incomparisonwiththedepartureofthecats，thenumberofmice，ratsandrabbitsexplodedonceagain，especiallytherabbits，whichdevelopedanimmunitytothevirus.Theislandwasinchaosaltogether.Ioweittoourselvestorestoretheisland.SoonbehalfoftheassociationIamherecallingfortheconservationofthebiologicaldiversity.Butthisinterventionisalong，much-delayedendingtoasadstory.1decreasev.（使）变小，（使）削减，降低n.削减，降低1.[人教选必③－3]Thesechemicalsledtoseverewaterqualityissues，causingadecreaseinthenumberoffishspecies.2.Thenumberofnewstudentsadmittedintotheschooldecreasedfrom210to160thisyear.3.由于人类活动，一些野生动物的数目正在削减。（环境疼惜）→①Thenumberofsomewildanimalsisdecreasingbecauseofhumanactivities.（decreasev.）→②Becauseofhumanactivities，thenumberofsomewildanimalsisonthedecrease.（decreasen.）4.由于政府的干预，接受治疗的患者人数没有削减，但住院的患者人数削减了约30％。Thankstothegovernment’sintervention，thenumberofpatientstreatedhasnotbeendecreasing，butthenumberofpatientsadmittedtohospitalhasdecreasedbyabout30percent.★decreasefrom...to...从……削减到……decreaseby...削减了/降低了……★onthedecrease在削减中，在衰减中（a）decreasein...……方面的削减2trapn.夹子，陷阱v.使陷入逆境；卡住，夹住，绊住；使陷入圈套，使中计，使上当1.Suddenlytherebeingastrongblastofwaterwashingdowntheriver，weweretrapped（trap）intherising-waterriver.点拨本句中的therebeing...是therebe结构的独立主格形式，在句中作状语，故"we...river"是主句，空处应填谓语。2.Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswerquestionsonline.Youmaybetrappedintogivingawayveryimportantpersonalinformation.3.被困在山里两天后，我们最终获救了。Havingbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays，wewerefinallyrescued.（现在分词短语作状语）点拨表示"被困于……中"的短语还有：①be/getlockedin②be/getcaughtin③be/getstuckin④be/getblockedin★trapsb.into（doing）sth.诱骗某人（做）某事betrappedin...被困在……中betrappedby...被……所困★fallintothetrapofdoingsth.落入做某事的陷阱set/layatrapfor...为……设圈套/陷阱3owev.应当做；对……负有……的义务；欠（账、钱、人情等）；归因于，归功于1.Weoweittoyoutocompletethisjob.2.由于我们的共同努力，音乐节取得了巨大的胜利。（活动报道）Owingtoourjointefforts，themusicfestivalwasagreatsuccess.点拨"由于"的其他表达：dueto，thanksto，asaresultof，becauseof，onaccountof。3.我无法和你一起去旅行，应当向你致歉。（致歉信）Ioweanapologytoyou/Ioweyouanapologyforbeingunabletotravelwithyou.★owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.欠某人某物；把某物归功于某人oweittosb.todosth.（认为）应当为某人做某事★owingto因为，由于4comparisonn.比较1.[人教选必④－2]Themarketthatwasoriginallybuiltwasquitesmallincomparison（compare）totoday’sGrandBazaar.2.[人教选必②－2]Thefirstfewweekstherewereabsolutelyoverwhelmingbecauseeverythingwassodifferentcompared（compare）tothingsbackhome.3.Compared（compare）tootheralternatives，travelingonatrainiscomfortableandrelaxing.点拨compare与句子主语travelingonatrain之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作状语。4.老师常常因为他们对工作的奉献精神而被比作蜡烛。Teachersareoftencomparedtocandlesbecauseoftheirdevotiontowork.★bycomparison相比之下，相较而言incomparison（with/tosth.）（与……）相比较★comparev.&n.比较，对比comparesth.withsth.将某物与某物相比较comparesth.tosth.将某物比作某物comparedwith/tosth.与某物相比beyond/withoutcompare无与伦比5onbehalfof代表（代替）；为了；为帮助1.我很兴奋代表我们学校邀请你参与下周的国画展览。（邀请信）→①Onourschool’sbehalf/Onbehalfofourschool，I’mdelightedtoinviteyoutotheChinesepaintingexhibitionnextweek.（behalf）→②Representingourschool，I’mdelightedtoinviteyoutotheChinesepaintingexhibitionnextweek.（represent）2.众所周知，在中国传统文化中，红色代表华蜜和祥瑞。Asisknowntousall，redstandsfor/representshappinessandluckintraditionalChineseculture.点拨这里的"代表"为"象征"之义，可用standfor/represent，而不行用onbehalfof；表示"代表……的利益，作为……的代言人"时可用onbehalfof/represent。★onbehalfofsb./onsb.’sbehalf代表（或代替）某人；为了某人；为帮助某人★其他表示"代表"的词/短语：represent代表；作为……的代言人；象征；相当于standfor代表，表示；支持，主见6outofcontrol失去限制，无法管理用control的相关短语完成句子1.[人教必修①－2]SpaintookcontrolofPeruinthe16thcenturyandruleduntil1821.2.[人教必修③－4]Duringaspacewalk，astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.3.Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothebackofabus.4.Badnewscomingoneafteranother，helostcontrolofhisfeelings.★undercontrol被限制住，处于限制之下beyondone’scontrol无法限制inthecontrolof...受……的限制losecontrolof...失去对……的限制takecontrolof...限制……keep/bring/getsth.undercontrol限制/抑制住某事7否定副词/词组＋部分倒装1.Nowhereelsecanyoufind（别处你找不到）suchanancientbuildingwithsuchdelicatedesignandsolongahistory.（地点副词放句首）2.我们不仅放松了，还对劳动有了更好的了解。Notonlyarewerelaxed，butwehavegainedabetterunderstandingoflabor.（notonly倒装句）3.我们刚一爬到山顶就下起雪来了。→①Hardlyhadwereachedthetopofthemountainwhenthesnowbegantocomedown.（hardly...when...倒装句）→②Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthemountainthanthesnowbegantocomedown.（nosooner...than...倒装句）点拨留意：在notonly...but（also）...，hardly...when...，nosooner...than...结构中，把表示否定的notonly，hardly，nosooner置于句首时，其后的句子要倒装，但but（also），when，than后的句子要用正常语序，不倒装。★当具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构，