中考英语复习基础知识快速速记之现在完成时浅析

现在完成时态Thepresentperfecttense名称时间动动词形式一般现在时平时，经常一般过去时过去（与现在无关）一般将来时现在进行时即将，计划此刻正在进行过去进行时过去某一时间正在进行1.v.2.v+s/es（三单现）

am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v.2.am/is/aregoingto+v.1.v-ed（规则动词）2.不规则动词was/were+v-ing判断下列句子的时态1.Sheworksinafactory.2.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.3.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday.4.Theyheldasportsmeetinglastweek.5.Weare

helpingcleanthecityparknow.一般现在时过去进行时一般将来时一般过去时现在进行时助动词否定haven’thasn’t疑问Haveyou…?Hashe…?

现在完成时动词构成

have/has+v过去分词have/has为助动词，没有实在的意义，常可以与前面的名词或代词缩写。如Mikehas=Mike's,theyhave=they've.助动词要和主语的人称、数保持一致。I_______alreadyreadLittleWoman.Tina______decidedtowriteaboutTreasureIsland.havehas现在完成时态Ihavepostedthephotos.我已经把这些照片邮寄了。Ihavelivedherefortwoyears.Ihavelivedheresince2018/twoyearsago.1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在。常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。邮寄的动作发生在过去，并且已经完成，带来的结果是这些照片已经不在我这里了。居住的动作从两年前或2018年开始，一直持续到现在，且有可能继续持续下去。翻译.(English===>Chinese)finish,homeworkIhavefinishedmyhomework.Hehasfinishedhishomework.haven’tHashe...Yes

,

hehas.No,hehasn’t.1.翻译1)我已经写完作业了；

2)他已经写完作业了.2.第一句变成否定句；3.第二句变成一般疑问句并回答。？He___________inthiscityeversincethen.(live)现在完成时的标志词haslivedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethenHehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。易混点

have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.

他(曾经)到/去过上海

[在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了]他已经去上海了

[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了[现在还在上海工作学习]辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别canyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin去过常与ever,never,once,twice,连用在…与时间段连用用howlong提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称

Hersister_____________Australia.Sheleftthismorning.hasgoneto

1.A:______yourbrother_________anewwatch?(buy)B:Notyet.2.A:_______youever_______tothepark?(be)B:Yes,Iwenttherelastsummer.3.I______never______ofanythinglikethat.(hear)4.TomHe___________inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago.(work)5.A:Howlong______you________inthisschool?(teach)B:For6years.6.I______just________thedesk,youcantakeittoyourclassroom.(mend)7._______you_______theForbiddenCity(紫禁城)before?(visit)8.He____already______ajob.(find)9.We_______only____________thefirstfivequestionssofar.(discuss)10.Greatchanges_________________inBeijinginthepast10years.(takeplace)11.I_________________himrecently.(nothearfrom)Key

wordsHasbought

yetHavebeen

haveheard

hasworked

havetaughthavemended

Havevisitedhasfoundhavediscussedhavetakenplacehaven’theardfromhave/hasbeento去过，已经回来了have/hasgoneto去了，还未回来have/hasbeenin在...，和时间段连用hasgoneto

1.A:WhereisBob?B:He____________Japanwithhissister.2.A:Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.Where____you_____?B:I_____________theUnitedStates.have

beenhavebeento

3.A:Howlong____you_______China?B:I_________herefor3years.havebeeninhavebeen4.A:_____youever________thecity?B:No,never.Have

beento5.We____________Germanymanytimesinthepast3years.havebeentohave/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin1.Bill________________

London,hewillcomebacktomorrow.

2.A:Wherearethetwins?B:They______________

thecinema.3.I_____________

Paristwice.Hehasneverbeenthere.4.A:_____youever____________

America?B:No,never.5.A:Howlong_____you________China?B:Foroneyear.6.HeleftforEnglandtwodaysago.He___________therefortwodays.hasgoneto

havegonetohavebeentoHavebeentohave

beenin

hasbeen

since用来说明动作起始时间（时间点）—“自从……”for用来说明动作延续时间长度（时间段）—“长达……”IhavelearnedEnglishfortwoyears.IhavelearnedEnglishsincetwoyearsago.IhavelearnedEnglishsince2015.IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwasamiddleschoolstudent.注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.

(我现在已不在这里工作。)

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.

(现在我仍在这里工作。)

比较since和forfor+表示一段时间的词组，since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组）谓语只可用延续性动词.eg.---I’velivedherefor15years.eg.---I’velivedheresince15yearsago/(2002).选用for和since填空:1.______alongtime

2.______10yearsago.3.______4hours4.______hecametoChina.5._____19996.______3o’clock7.______yesterday8.______lastmonth9.______wewerechildrenforforsincesincesincesincesincesincesinceItis+时间段

since+一般过去时的句子.10.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.=It__________fiveyears_________wemetlasttime.=Fiveyears_____________________wemetlasttime.sincehasbeensincehaspassedsince注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.如：come，go，join，leave，buy等，在完成时态中不能与for,since短语或Howlong等引起的时间状语连用。

瞬间动词joinborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy··········begin/stratHehasboughtthebook.Hehasboughtthebookforaweek.Hehashadthebookforaweek.

buyhave/hashadcometohave/hasbeeningotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayborrowhave/haskeptbeginhave/hasbeenonfinishhave/hasbeenoverdiehave/hasbeendeadmarry

have/hasbeenmarried瞬间动词转换成延续性动词Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect1.Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.2.HowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？3.AnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.4.IhavegottoParisforoneweek.5.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.6.IhaveleftShanghaifor3days.7.Ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago.8.Thefilmhasbegunfor10minutes.9.Theconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour.10.Hisdoghasdiedfortwoyears.

11.Shehasmarriedforsixyears.hadbeeninbeeninbeenasoliderbeeninbeeninbeenawaykeptbeenonbeenoverbeendeadbeenmarried改写句子1.Myfathercamebackfromthebookshopjustnow.Myfather______just______________thebookshop.2.HebegantolearnChinesein2001.He____________Chinesesince2001.3.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_________________sincetwominutesago.4.Hehashadthemotorbikefortwoyears.It’stwoyears______he________themotorbike.He________themotorbiketwoyears______.Twoyears____________sincehe______themotorbikehasreturnedfromhaslearnedhasbeenon

sinceboughtboughtagohaspassedbought现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作到现在已完成或存在的状态，并对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990等。一般过去时只表示过去发生的事和状态，强调过去的动作，它可以和示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990等。Hehaslivedheresince1992.1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）Helivedherein1992.1992年他居住在这里。（不涉及到他现在是否还住在这里）Thepasttenseorthepresentperfecttensehaveknown

knew

1.We______________eachothersincechildhood.(know)2.We__________eachotherwhenwewereyoung.(know)3.I________himjustnow.(see)saw

4.I______just_____mypen.(lose)have

lost

5.Howlong______you______intheUnitedStates?(live)have

lived

6.When_____you______here?(move)did

move

7.A:When______you______thefilm?B:I____ittwomonthsago.(see)did

see

saw

8.Thewriter_____________severalstory-bookssince5yearsago.(finish)hasfinished

动词填空：1.A：_____you________(clean)theroom?B:Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.A:When_______you______(do)it?B:We_______(do)itanhourago.2.A:______he______(see)thisfilmyet?B:Yes.A:When_____he_____(see)it?B:He______itlastweek.3.A:Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?B:Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseehavecomesaw4.I_________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.9.He________(keep)thebooksincetwodaysago.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgaveHaveriddenhaskeptFillintheblankswiththesimplepresent,simplepastorpresentperfecttenseoftheverbsI____(be)ItheU.S.now.I___________(live)hereforon