湖南省师范大学附属中学高考英语模拟试题（二）（含解析）

湖南省师范大学附属中学2021届高考英语模拟试题（二）（含解析）本试题卷分为听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分，共10页。时量120分钟满分150分。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是Co1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Managerandemployee.BSalesmanandcustomer.C.Doctorandpatient.2.Wherearethetwospeakersprobably?A.Inarestaurant.B.Intheman'shouse.C.Inthewoman'shouse.3.Whatwilltheweatherprobablybeliketomorrow?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.4.Whenisaroomsurelyavailable?A.OnFebruary21and23.B.OnFebruary21and22.C.OnFebruary22and23.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Themanshouldeatalotofsalad.B.Themanusedtoeatlotsofmeat.C.Themanlooksquitedifferentfrombefore.第二节（共15小题,每小题分.满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whowillthewomantalkto?A.Theman'sacquaintances.B.Herfriends.C.Someprofessors.7.Whydoesthemanhavetofillouttheform?A.Totakeresponsibility.B.Toshowhisfamilybackground.C.Torecordhishistoryofadoption.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdayisittoday?A.Sunday.B.Saturday.C.Friday.9.Whenshouldthewomanarriveattheairport?A.At6：00.B.At7：30.C.At6：50.10.Whydoesthewomansuggestsettingthealarmclockearlier?A.Toleavetimeforbreakfast.B.Toleavetimeforcheckingin.C.Toavoidthetrafficjam.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatistheman'sprojectabout?A.Theanimals.B.Thedesert.C.Therainforest.12.Whatmakesthewomanfeelunfortable?A.Thepictureofspiders.B.Thepictureofsnakes.C.Thepictureofsloths.13.Whatsurprisesthewomanaboutthesnake?A.Thecolor.B.Thesize.C.Thelifespan.听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。14.Howoftendopeopleblinkwhilestaringattheputerscreen?A.7timesperminute.B.22timesperminute.C.27timesperminute.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshoulddo?A.Usesomeeyedrops.B.Takeabreak.C.Avoidusingputers.16.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Keeponreading.B.Havesometea.C.Gotoadrugstore.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Atown.B.Ahospital.C.Anorganization.18.Howdidthespeakerfeelabouttheprojectthisyear?A.Itwasinteresting.B.Itwassuccessful.C.Itwasdifficult.19.WhatisrequiredtobeeavolunteerforMSF?A.Theabilitytohandlepressure.B.Theabilitytoorganizeateam.C.Theabilitytocopewithdemandingleaders.20.Whatkindofvolunteersareinurgentneed?A.Foodexperts.B.Buildingengineers.C.Doctors.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANewOwlWeleDaySunday,August22,2021NewOwlWeleDayincludesthreeprograms:FamilyandFriendsWele,LettingGo,andWeleCeremony.WhenyouregisterforNewOwlWeleDayinmidJuly.youandyourlovedonesmaychoosetoattendone,two,orallthreeofthoseprograms.Pleaseseethedetailsforeachprogrambelow.1.OnNewOwlWeleDay.OtisCollegewelesallnewlyadmittedstudentsandtheirfamilyandfriendstotheOwlmunity.ParentsandfamilieswillhavethechancetolearnaboutcampusresourcesandaskOtisCollegestaffquestionsduringourFamilyandFriendsWele.ScheduleAtAGlance:2:00pmWele2:10pmVirtualOrientationIntroduction2:20pmCampusResourcePanel2:40pmClosingQ&A2.ParentsandfamilieswillthenhavethechancetojointheVirtualLettingGoWorkshopat3:30pm,presentedbytheOtisCollegeDirectorofCounselingServices,JamesBirks.ThissessionprovideshelpfultoolsonhowtobestsupportyourOtisCollegestudentsthroughtheiracademicjourney.3:30pm—4:00pmLettingGoWorkshopToconfirmyourattendanceatVirtualNewOwlWeleDay,pleaseclickHERE.3.Lastly,allnewstudentswillbecelebratedduringourVirtualWeleCeremonyintheevening.Duringthisceremony,manymembersofourfacultyandstaffwillformallyweleallnewstudents.Weencourageallstudentstoattend.6:00pm—7:00pmVirtualWeleCeremonyToconfirmyourattendanceattheVirtualWeleCeremony,pleaseregisterHERE.1.WhenisthebesttimetoaskOtisCollegestaffquestionsabouttheschool?A.2:00pm,July15. B.6:00pm,July15.C.2:40pm.August22. D.3:30pm.August22.2.WhoareweletoattendtheLettingGoWorkshop?A.AllOtisstudents. B.OtisCollegestaff.C.JamesBirksandhisfriends. D.NewOtisstudents'familymembers.3.Wherecanyoumostprobablyfindthistext?A.Atauniversitycampus. B.Onacollegewebsite.C.Inacollegetextbook. D.Inauniversitynewspaper.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个迎新活动的情况，包括时间安排和活动内容等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Sunday,August22,2021(8月22日，星期天)”以及ScheduleAtAGlance部分中“2:40pmClosingQ&A(下午2：40接近尾声和问答环节)”可知，如果想向奥蒂斯学院的工作人员了解有关学校的事宜，可在8月22日迎新日的下午2:40提问。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二个活动中“ParentsandfamilieswillthenhavethechancetojointheVirtualLettingGoWorkshopat3:30pm,presentedbytheOtisCollegeDirectorofCounselingServices,JamesBirks.(家长和家庭成员将有机会在下午3：30参加由奥蒂斯学院咨询服务主任JamesBirks主持的虚拟LettingGoWorkshop)”可知，欢迎NewOtis学生的家庭成员参加“LettingGoWorkshop”。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第二个活动中“ToconfirmyourattendanceatVirtualNewOwlWeleDay,pleaseclickHERE.(要确认您出席VirtualNewOwlWeleDay，请点击这里)以及第三个活动中“ToconfirmyourattendanceattheVirtualWeleCeremony,pleaseregisterHERE.”(请在此登记，以确认您是否出席VirtualWeleCeremony)”可推知，本文最可能来自某大学网站。故选B。BMyfirstnewsroomwasinagrandbuildingwithtallarchedwindowsthatdominatedastreetcornerinthesmallMidwesterncitywhereIworked.Inside,therewasahighceiling.Didthisusetobeabank?Manyvisitorswouldask.Butithad.infact,alwaysbeenanewsroom.IwasyoungandshywhenIfirstwenttoworkthere,anditprobablytookmeamonthbeforeItalkedtoanyoftheotherreporters.Buteventually,theybecamemybestfriends,thecoreofmysociallife.MysecondnewsroomwastheairytopfloorofahistoricbuildinginthestatecapitalofMaryland.Itwassmallerandlessgrandbutfarmoreenergizing.Mycolleagueswereolder.Ilearnedsomuchabouthowtobeareporterfromoverhearingtheirphoneinterviews.Thispastsummer,severalAmericannewspapersannouncedtheywouldbeclosingtheirnewsrooms.Manylocalnewspapershavegoneoutofbusinessinrecentyears,victimsofdecliningcirculationandshrinkingadvertisingdollars.Thenalongcamethecoronaviruspandemic,andsomanyofusweresenthometoworkfromthere.Thepleasantsurpriseisthatwehaveallsucceededbrilliantlyinworkingremotely.Butsomemanagershavelookedatthissuccessandthought:"Whywouldweneedtoreturntothenewsroom?"Iworrythattheyaremakingabigmistake.Aphysicalnewsroomsendsapowerfulmessagetoamunity：Wearehereforyou.Atmyfirstjob.strangerscouldwalkrightthroughthedoorandstraightuptomydesk.Wetreasuredthatvisibility.ButIalsothinkaboutthecollaboration—ofthetimesIwouldoverhearcolleaguestalkingaboutastoryandrealizethatIhadsomeusefulinformationforthem.Sometimes,acolleaguewouldseemeinthehallandgivemeastoryidea.Ican'twaittogetbacktomynewsroom.4.Howwastheauthor'sfirstnewsroomdifferentfromthesecondone?A.Itwaslocatedinacity.B.Itusedtoserveasabank.C.Itusedtobevisitorfriendly.D.Itwasinamagnificentbuilding.5.Howdidtheauthorbenefitfromhersecondnewsroom?A.Shegotridofhershyness.B.Shegotintoanactivestateofmind.C.Shecouldoverhearothers'argument.D.Shegainedexperiencefromhercolleagues.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thissuccess"inParagraph4referto?A.Journalistsworkedefficientlyathome.B.Newspapercirculationwasincreasing.C.Newspaperadvertisingwasprofitable.D.Journalismsurvivedthecoronaviruspandemic.7.Whyistheauthoragainstclosingnewsrooms?A.Newsroomsserveasaclosetie.B.Shewillbeoutofworkasaresult.C.Newspaperswilldisappearduetoit.D.Itisagainstthewillofmunities.【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在两个新闻编辑工作室作为一名新闻工作者的经历。在经受了新冠病毒后，编辑部也开始不景气，但她认为新闻编辑部不应该被关闭。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句内容“MyfirstnewsroomwasinagrandbuildingwithtallarchedwindowsthatdominatedastreetcornerinthesmallMidwesterncitywhereIworked.(我的第一个新闻编辑室是在一座有着高高的拱形窗户的宏伟建筑里，它占据了我工作的那个中西部小城的一个街角。)”以及文章第三段前两句内容“MysecondnewsroomwastheairytopfloorofahistoricbuildinginthestatecapitalofMaryland.Itwassmallerandlessgrandbutfarmoreenergizing.(我的第二个新闻编辑室在马里兰州首府一座历史建筑的顶层。它更小，更小，但更有活力。)”可知，作者工作过的第一个新闻编辑部在一座宏伟的大楼内，第二个则要小一些。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句内容“Mycolleagueswereolder.Ilearnedsomuchabouthowtobeareporterfromoverhearingtheirphoneinterviews.(我的同事年纪更大。通过偷听他们的采访，我学到了很多关于如何成为一名记者的知识。)”可知，作者在第二个新闻编辑部里从同事身上学到了不少工作经验。故选D项。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线部分前的“Thepleasantsurpriseisthatwehaveallsucceededbrilliantlyinworkingremotely.（令人惊喜的是，我们都成功地完成了远程工作。）”可知，新冠疫情期间，大家在家工作，但是效果非常好。也正因如此，有人就认为没必要再回新闻编辑部工作了，由此可知画线词指代的是“新闻编辑在家里工作效率很高”，故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“ButIalsothinkaboutthecollaboration—ofthetimesIwouldoverhearcolleaguestalkingaboutastoryandrealizethatIhadsomeusefulinformationforthem.Sometimes,acolleaguewouldseemeinthehallandgivemeastoryidea.Ican'twaittogetbacktomynewsroom.（但我也想到了合作，有一次我无意中听到同事们谈论一个故事，然后意识到我有一些有用的信息可以提供给他们。有时，一个同事会在大厅里看到我，给我一个故事构思。我都等不及要回我的编辑室了。）”可知，作者在最后两段阐述了新闻编辑部存在的必要性，实体的新闻编辑部是联系社区与新闻工作者以及新闻工作者之间的纽带。正因为这样，作者认为关闭新闻编辑部是错误的想法。故选A项。CExtracting(提取)CO2fromtheairisoneofthebestwaystoaddressclimatechangewithoutpreventingbillionsofpeoplefromgettingtheenergytheyneed.Butthetrickiswhattodowithitafterwards.monapproachesincludeinjecting(注射)itdeepundergroundtogetridofit.Butifyoucoulduseittomakeusefulstuff,thenitwoulddodoubledutyandmaketheproductszerocarbonsincetheywouldn'tputextracarbonintotheatmosphere.Foryears,focushasbeenonmakingzerocarbonpetrolorjetfuelfromtheextractedcarbonusingnonfossilfuelstogeneratetheenergyneeded.Today,XPRIZErevealedthetwowinnersinthisyear's20milliondollarprizeforapetitiondevelopedtocreatebreakthroughcarbontechnologiesthatturnemissions(排放物；排放)intoproductswithahighnetvalue.ThewinnerswereCarbonCureofCanadaandCarbonBuiltofCalifornia.Interestingly,theybothdemonstratedtechnologiesfocusedondecarbonizing(脱碳)theconcreteindustry.CarbonBuiltdevelopedatechnologythatreducesthecarbonfootprintofconcretebymorethan50%whilereducingrawmaterialcosts.Duringthecuringprocess,CO2isdirectlyinjectedintotheconcretemixturewhereitischemicallytransformedandpermanentlystored.CarbonCure'stechnologyenablestheproductionofconcretewithareducedwaterandcarbonfootprintwhileincreasingthematerial'sreliability.TheCO2istransformedintoapermanentlyembeddedmineralwhichcanthenbebinedwithnewconcretemixes.Thetechnologyisabletoreducethematerialcostsandincreaseprofitabilityforproducers.Concreteisamajorcontributortoglobalwarmingasproducingitreleasesahugeamountofcarbondioxide.Yetit'sthemostwidelyusedartificialmaterial,secondonlytowater.Renewableenergysourcesusemuchconcreteperunitenergyproduced.Iftheyaretoincreaseenoughtomakeadifferenceintimetohelptheplanet,gettingcontroloftheCO2inconcreteproductionisessential.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“doubleduty”inParagraph2referto?A.ExtractingCO2andmakingusefulproducts.B.CuttingCO2emissionandsavingenergy.C.RemovingCO2andcreatingvalue.D.Storingcarbonandreducingwaste.9.WhichisNOTasharedbenefitofthetwowinners'technologies?A.TheypermanentlystoretheCO2.B.Theymakeconcretemorereliable.C.Theyreducethecarbonfootprintofconcrete.D.Theylowerthecostofconcrete.10.Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?A.Tomanageconcreteemissions.B.Toinvestincleanenergysources.C.Tocuttheuseofconcrete.D.Tofindanalternativetoconcrete.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Apetitiononglobalcrisis.B.Innovativewaysofdecarbonization.C.Arevolutionintheconcreteindustry.D.ThepossibilityofturningCO2intotreasure.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文。从空气中提取二氧化碳是应对气候变化的最好方法之一。加拿大的CarbonCure公司和加州的CarbonBuilt公司都通过在水泥产业中运用新颖的脱碳方法，消除并有效利用二氧化碳，生产出更环保、更节约成本、且性能与传统材料相当甚至更好的混凝土。【8题详解】指代猜测题。根据第二段关键句“monapproachesincludeinjectingitdeepundergroundtogetridofit.Butifyoucoulduseittomakeusefulstuff,thenitwoulddodoubledutyandmaketheproductszerocarbonsincetheywouldn'tputextracarbonintotheatmosphere.”（常见的方法包括将其注入地下深处以摆脱它。但是如果你可以用它来制造有用的东西，那么它就会起到双重作用，使产品零碳，因为它们不会向大气中排放额外的碳。）可知，此处的“doubleduty”指代“getridofit”及“makeusefulstuff”，即，去除二氧化碳并创造价值。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。对比第四、五段并根据文章第五段关键句“CarbonCure'stechnologyenablestheproductionofconcretewithareducedwaterandcarbonfootprintwhileincreasingthematerial'sreliability.”（CarbonCure的技术使混凝土的生产能够减少水和碳足迹，同时提高材料的可靠性。）可知，使混凝土更可靠是CarbonCure所采用的技术带来的益处。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段关键句“Concreteisamajorcontributortoglobalwarmingasproducingitreleasesahugeamountofcarbondioxide.”（混凝土是全球变暖的主要原因，因为它会释放大量的二氧化碳。）及最后一句“Iftheyaretoincreaseenoughtomakeadifferenceintimetohelptheplanet,gettingcontroloftheCO2inconcreteproductionisessential.”（如果它们要增加到足以在时间上帮助地球，控制混凝土生产中的二氧化碳是至关重要的。）可知，最后一段强调了管理混凝土的排放。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段关键句“Today,XPRIZErevealedthetwowinnersinthisyear's20milliondollarprizeforapetitiondevelopedtocreatebreakthroughcarbontechnologiesthatturnemissionsintoproductswithahighnetvalue.ThewinnerswereCarbonCureofCanadaandCarbonBuiltofCalifornia.”（今天，XPRIZE公布了今年2000万美元奖金的两名获奖者，该竞赛旨在创造突破性的碳技术，将排放转化为具有高净值的产品。获奖者是加拿大的CarbonCure公司和加州的CarbonBuilt公司。）及全文内容可知，本文介绍了XPRIZE基金会向来自北美的两个团队发放了现金奖励，这两个团队都通过在水泥产业中运用新颖的脱碳方法，消除并有效利用二氧化碳，生产出更环保、更节约成本、且性能与传统材料相当甚至更好的混凝土。故选B项。DAchemicalsignalfromtheliver,causedbyexercise,helpselderlymicekeeptheirbrainssharp,suggestsarecentstudy.Understandingthisliver—to—brainsignalmayhelpscientistsdevelopadrugthatbenefitsthebrainthewayexercisedoes.Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatexercisehelpsthebrain,decreasingthememorydeclinesthatewitholdage.Scientistshavelonglookedforwaystogetelderlypeopleunabletoworkouttohavethesamebenefits.SaulVilleda,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia.andhiscolleaguesfocusedonthefitnesseffectsofbloodfromyoungmice.Theyinjectedinactiveelderlymicewithplasma（血浆）fromelderlymicethathadregularlyexercised.Aftereightinjectionsover24days,theformerperformedbetteronmemorytasksthanelderlymicethatreceivednoinjections.Examiningtheplasmaofexercisedmiceshowedanabundanceofproteins（蛋白质）producedbytheliver.Theresearcherscloselystudiedoneoftheseliverproteins,calledGPLD1.GPLD1isanenzyme（.酶）—Itletsotherproteinsofftheoutsidesofcells,releasingthoseproteinstogodootherjobs."Gettingthelivertoproducethisoneenzymecanactuallygainallthebeneficialeffectsweseeinthebrainwithexercise,”Villedasays.ButtheroleofGPLD1isfarfromsettled,saysIrinaConboy,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.There'sevidencethatGPLD1levelsarehigherinpeoplewithdiabetes（糖尿病）,shepointsout,indicatingthattheproteinmayhavenegativeeffects.“AnddifferentexperimentssuggestthatGPLD1levelsmightactuallyfallinresponsetocertainkindsofexerciseinratswithdiabetes.”shenotes."Weknowforsurethatexerciseisgoodforyou,andthatthisproteinispresentintheblood.Butwhetherit'sgoodorbad,nooneknowsforsure.”12.Whatistheroleofexerciseinachievingtheliver—to—brainsignal?A.Itpromotesbloodcirculation.B.Itmaintainsthehealthofliver.C.Itspeedsuptherelayofsignal.D.Itincreasesthelevelofanenzyme.13.AccordingtothetextthefunctionofGPLD1resemblesthatof_______.A.glue B.scissorsC.amarker D.acontainer14.WhatisprobablyIrinaConboy'sattitudetowardstheapplicationofGPLD1fortheold?A.Favorable. B.Critical.C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous.15.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThebrainbenefitsofexercisefortheelderlyB.ThelinkbetweenGPLD1levelandexerciseC.The“exercisepill”:potentialpowerofaproteinD.Theliver—to—brainsignal:amysterytobesolved【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了最近的一项研究表明，运动引起的来自肝脏的化学信号可以帮助年老的老鼠保持大脑敏锐。了解这种从肝脏到大脑的信号可能会帮助科学家开发一种像锻炼一样有益于大脑的药物GPLD1。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“itletsotherproteinsofftheoutsidesofcells,releasingthoseproteinstogodootherjobs."Gettingthelivertoproducethisoneenzymecanactuallygainallthebeneficialeffectsweseeinthebrainwithexercise,”Villedasays.”(它使其他蛋白质脱离细胞外，释放这些蛋白质以从事其他工作。维莱达说：“通过运动使肝脏产生一种酶，实际上可以获得我们在大脑中看到的所有有益作用。”)可知，运动触发肝脏产生丰富的蛋白质，尤其是一种名为GPLD1的酶，正是它产生了类似于运动给大脑带来的益处。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“GPLD1isanenzyme（.酶）itletsotherproteinsofftheoutsidesofcells,releasingthoseproteinstogodootherjobs."(它使其他蛋白质脱离细胞外，释放这些蛋白质以从事其他工作。)可知，GPLDl酶的作用主要是“剪断”蛋白质。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ButtheroleofGPLD1isfarfromsettled,saysIrinaConboy,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.There'sevidencethatGPLD1levelsarehigherinpeoplewithdiabetes（糖尿病），shepointsout,indicatingthattheproteinmayhavenegativeeffects.”(加州大学的研究员伊琳娜·康博伊（IrinaConboy）说，但是GPLD1的作用远未定下来。她指出，有证据表明糖尿病患者的GPLD1水平较高，这表明该蛋白可能具有负面作用。)以及最后一句话“Butwhetherit'sgoodorbad,nooneknowsforsure.”(但是，不管它的好坏，没人能确定。)可知，IrinaConboy对GPLD1运用的作用是不确定的，谨慎的。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Achemicalsignalfromtheliver,causedbyexercise,helpselderlymicekeeptheirbrainssharp,suggestsarecentstudy.Understandingthisliver—to—brainsignalmayhelpscientistsdevelopadrugthatbenefitsthebrainthewayexercisedoes.”(最近的一项研究表明，运动引起的来自肝脏的化学信号可以帮助年老的老鼠保持大脑敏锐。了解这种从肝脏到大脑的信号可能会帮助科学家开发一种像锻炼一样有益于大脑的药物。)以及下运动触发肝脏产生丰富的蛋白质，尤其是一种名为GPLD1的酶，正是它产生了类似于运动给大脑带来的益处，即GPLD1可以产生类似运动的效果。故选C项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AlfredNobelRestsinPeacePeoplelikeMartinLutherKingJr.,NelsonMandela,andMotherTeresahavebeefamousallaroundtheworld.___16___TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.ButnoneofthemwouldhavereceivedtherecognitionitbringshaditnotbeenforoneSwedishman,AlfredNobel.WhenAlfredjoinedtheNobelfamilypany,ithadbeendevelopingexplosivesformanyyears.HisfatherhadstartedthefamilyfortunebyworkingfortheRussianarmytoproducelandminesandseamines.Butthefamilymadeevenmoremoneybymanufacturingnitroglycerine,whichwasaverydangerousexplosive.OnedayAlfredarrivedhometofindhis20yearoldbrotherEmilhadbeenkilledinanitroglycerineexplosion.___17___Theresultwasdynamite（甘油炸药），whichbecameanimmediatesuccessallovertheworld.AlfredNobelalwayswanteddynamitetobeusedforpeacefulmeans.Unfortunately.whentheFirstWorldWarended.dynamitehadbeenusedtotakeawaythelivesofthousandsofyoungmen.___18___Toseehisinventionbeingusedinthiswaymadehimverysad.SometimelaterAlfred'solderbrotherLudwigdied.OnenewspaperaccidentallyprintedAlfred'sobituaryinsteadofhisbrother's.ItdescribedAlfredasamanwhohadbeerichbyinventingaweaponofmassdestruction.Afterreadingthereviewofhislife.Alfredwashorrifiedanddecidedtousethegreatfortunehehadmadetorewardpeoplewhohadbeenworkingtopromotegoodinsociety.___19___TheNobelPeacePrizewasawardedtothepersonwhohaddonethemost，orthebestworktopromotefriendshipbetweencountries,toabolisharmiesortoholdandpromotepeaceconferences.In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortstogetlandminesbanned.___20___Perhapsnow,AlfredNobelwillrestmoreeasilyinhisgrave.A.Andwhatdotheyhaveinmon?B.Hence,itwasalargeamountofmoney.C.Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.D.Hewassogrievedbytheaccidentthatheevendesiredtogiveuphisjob.E.Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.F.Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobe'thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes’G.Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics.chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.【答案】16.A17.C18.F19.G20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍诺贝尔奖的创始人AlfredNobel的一生经历。诺贝尔奖授予了应得之人，AlfredNobel在他的坟墓里会安息得更安稳。【16题详解】根据下文提示“TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.（他们都是诺贝尔和平奖的获得者）”可知，此处应该是询问其共同点是什么。所以A项Andwhatdotheyhaveinmon?（它们有什么共同点呢?）切题。故选A。【17题详解】该选项可衔接前文Alfred的哥哥被意外炸死，且根据后文“Theresultwasdynamite（结果是爆炸性的）”可知，此处表述Alfred决心发明一种更安全的爆炸物。所以C项Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.（Alfred决定发明一种更安全的炸药）切题。故选C。【18题详解】前文写到一战结束的时候他的发明被用在战争中，F选项Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobe'thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes’（他一直痛恨战争，认为“it”是令人厌恶的事情中最让人厌恶的事情，是最严重的犯罪）切题。该选项承接一战的内容。故选F。【19题详解】前文中提到Alfred决定用他赚取的财富去奖励造福社会的人，G选项Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics.chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.（他设立的五个奖项是物理学，化学，医学，文学奖，还有最重要的，和平奖）切题。该项进一步说明他设计了什么奖项，并在后文接着写诺贝尔和平奖颁给什么样的人。故选G。【20题详解】根据上文提示“In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortstogetlandminesbanned.（1997年，诺贝尔和平奖授予了美国人乔迪·威廉姆斯(JodyWilliams)，因为她为禁止地雷所做的努力）”可知，1997年的诺贝尔和平奖颁给了一个号召禁用地雷的人，承接上文，E选项Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.（当然，具有讽刺意味的是，诺贝尔家族的财富是建立在矿山上的。）切题。令人觉得讽刺的是，诺贝尔家族的财富都是基于地雷。故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。SocialdistancingguidelinesandstayathomeordersacrossAmericahavechangedmanypeople'splans.Thehighschoolseniorswhowerelookingforwardtoatraditionalgraduationceremonyhavealsochangedtheirs.Mostschoolshavebeen___21___toholdtheirceremoniesonline.ButoneNewHampshirehighschool'ssolutionwastohave___22___rideaskiliftto___23___theirdiplomas.KevinCarpenter,principalofKennettHighSchool,toldCBSNewstheideaforaskiliftgraduationwas___24___byanadministratorattheschool.Carpentersaidhelovedtheidea,andthehighschool___25___nearbyCranmoreMountainResort,whichagreedtohostthe___26___graduationceremonyfreeofcharge.InJune,roughlytwomonthsafterthe___27___skiseasoninNewHampshireended,theskiliftatCranmorewas___28___with174graduatingseniors.“The___29___wasverypositive,”Carpentersaid.“Mostfamilieswantedaninperson____30____andnotjustavirtualceremony.”“Thisisdefinitelynotthat,butitstillisnotthe____31____traditionalgraduation.Weneededto____32____socialdistancingpractices.But____33____whatisgoingonintheworld,thisisagreatwaytocelebratethe____34____oftheseyoungmenandwomen,”hecontinued.“Asaprincipal,thismakesmesoproud”hesaid.“Ourmunityissuchacaringandgivingoneandtoseesomany____35____ingtogethertohelpmakethishappenforkidsissoheartwarming.”21.A.reminded B.forced C.convinced D.warned22.A.guiders B.teachers C.graduates D.parents23.A.receive B.distribute C.offer D.deliver24.A.keptto B.turneddown C.triedout D.thoughtup25.A.connected B.contacted C.required D.skipped26.A.unique B.ordinary C.demanding D.rewarding27.A.plicated B.precious C.risky D.typical28.A.equipped B.packed C.trapped D.attached29.A.direction B.performance C.response D.request30A.experiment B.experience C.account D.challenge31.A.exactly B.merely C.correctly D.consequently32.A.promote B.discuss C.maintain D.approve33.A.providing B.considering C.realizing D.sharing34.A.arguments B.contributions C.negotiations D.achievements35.A.colleagues B.bonuses C.parts D.scholarships【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。由于新冠肺炎的爆发，大多数学校被迫在网上举行毕业典礼，但新罕布什尔的一所高中让它的毕业生乘坐滑雪缆车来领取毕业证书，这一想法受到师生的热烈欢迎。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数学校都被迫在网上举行毕业典礼。A.reminded提醒；B.forced迫使；C.convinced说服；D.warned警告。根据上文“SocialdistancingguidelinesandstayathomeordersacrossAmericahavechangedmanypeople'splans.”可知因为疫情原因，大多数学校是被迫在网上举行毕业典礼的。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是新罕布什尔州的一所高中的解决办法是让毕业生乘坐滑雪缆车来获得文凭。A.guiders指导者；B.teachers老师；C.graduates毕业生；D.parents父母。根据上文“holdtheirceremoniesonline”可知此处是指让毕业生来获得他们的文凭，graduates符合语境。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是新罕布什尔州的一所高中的解决办法是让毕业生乘坐滑雪缆车来获得文凭。A.receive收到；B.distribute分配；C.offer提议；D.deliver递送。根据后文“theirdiplomas”指毕业生接收他们的文凭，故选A。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：肯尼特高中的校长KevinCarpenter在接受CBS新闻采访时表示，举办滑雪缆车毕业典礼的想法是由该校的一名管理人员想出的。A.keptto坚持；B.turneddown拒绝；C.triedout尝试；D.thoughtup想出。根据上文“theideaforaskiliftgraduationwas”可知此处指想出主意，应用thinkup，此处为一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Carpenter说，他喜欢这个想法，高中联系了附近的克兰默山度假村，后者同意免费举办这个独特的毕业典礼。A.connected连接；B.contacted联系；C.required需要；D.skipped跳跃。根据后文“nearbyCranmoreMountainResort,whichagreedtohost”指联系同意举办毕业典礼的克兰默山度假村，故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Carpenter说，他喜欢这个想法，高中联系了附近的克兰默山度假村，后者同意免费举办这个独特的毕业典礼。A.unique独特的；B.ordinary普通的；C.demanding要求高的；D.rewarding有益的。根据上文可知，肯尼特高中要让毕业生乘坐滑雪缆车来获得文凭，这与往常的做法相比是一个独特的毕业典礼。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今年6月，新罕布什尔典型的滑雪季节结束大约两个月后，克兰莫尔的滑雪缆车上挤满了174名大四学生。A.plicated复杂的；B.precious宝贵的；C.risky危险的；D.typical典型的。根据后文“skiseasoninNewHampshireended”举办毕业典礼的时间是在新罕布什尔典型的滑雪季节结束大约两个月后，故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年6月，新罕布什尔典型的滑雪季节结束大约两个月后，克兰莫尔的滑雪缆车上挤满了174名大四学生。A.equipped装备；B.packed打包；C.trapped诱捕；D.attached附上。根据后文“with174graduatingseniors”指滑雪缆车上挤满了174名大四学生，短语bepackedwith“挤满”。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：反响非常积极。A.direction方向；B.performance表现；C.response回答；D.request要求。根据后文“wasverypositive”以及上文缆车挤满了大学生，可知大家对此的反响积极。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数家庭想要一个面对面的体验，而不仅仅是一个虚拟的典礼。A.experiment实验；B.experience体验，经历；C.account账户；D.challenge挑战。根据上文“Mostfamilieswantedaninperson”可知之所以在疫情有社交距离限制的情况下还要举办毕业典礼，是因为大多数家庭想要一个面对面的体验，experience符合语境。故选B。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这绝对不是那样的，但也不是真正意义上的传统毕业。A.exactly恰好地；B.merely仅仅；C.correctly正确地；D.consequently因此。根据前后文“Thisisdefinitelynotthat,butitstillisnotthe…traditionalgraduation”可知，这次活动并不完全意义上是传统的毕业，故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要保持社交距离。A.promote促进；B.discuss讨论；C.maintain维持，保持；D.approve支持。呼应第一段中“SocialdistancingguidelinesandstayathomeordersacrossAmericahavechangedmanypeople'splans.”指需要保持社交举例，maintain符合语境。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是考虑到世界上正在发生的事情，这是庆祝这些年轻男女所取得的成就的一个很好的方式。A.providing提供；B.considering考虑；C.