新教材2024版高中英语Unit5EducationPartBLesson1EnlighteningaMind学生用书北师大版选择性必修第二册

PartBLesson1EnlighteningaMind【学习目标】课时词汇重点短语经典句式tendency,stream,grasp,expand,exceptionally,severe,unbearable,troublesome,relate,technique,initially,excitement,painful,apparent,disappointed,breakthrough,vividhaveatendencyto,relateto,thekeyto,beeagerto,beenthusiasticabout,withthehelpof,inaflash1.bythetime引导的时间状语从句；2．it作形式宾语；3．含without的含蓄虚拟语气；4．with＋复合宾语；5．nowthat引导缘由状语从句【单词巧练写准记牢】核心单词练习：请依据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或依据汉意和词性写出正确单词1．enlightenvt.________________2．troublesomeadj.________________3．stubbornadj.________________4．superbadj.________________5．eyesightn.________________6．straightforwardadj.________________7．dolln.________________8．streamn.________________9．liquidn.________________10．________________adj.珍贵的11．graspvt.________________12．vocabularyn.________________13．rayn.________________14．abstractadj.________________15．conceptn.________________16．________________n.突破；重大进展17．necklacen.________________18．foreheadn.________________19．vividadj.________________20．exceptionallyadv.________________exceptionaladj.________________[词语积累][1]enlighten/ɪn'laɪtn/vt.启迪；指导，教化[2]HelenKeller/'helən'kelə/海伦·凯勒[3]exceptionally/ɪk'sepʃənəli/adv.极其，特别[4]bythetime到……的时候[5]severe/sɪ'vɪə/adj.很严峻的[6]restriction/rɪ'strɪkʃən/n.限制，规定，约束[7]communicationn．沟通，沟通；传达[8]behaviourn．行为，举止behavev．使守规则；表现[9]unbearable/ʌn'beərəbəl/adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的[10]troublesome/'trʌbəlsəm/adj.引起麻烦的；令人苦恼的[11]stubborn/'stʌbən/adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的[12]tendency/'tendənsi/n.倾向haveatendencytodosth.倾向于做某事[13]superb/sjuː'pɜːb/adj.极好的，卓越的[14]AnneSullivan/'ʌnə'sʌləvən/安妮·莎莉文[15]formeradj.前者的，前任的[16]theblind盲人(the＋adj.表示一类人)[17]Boston/'bɒstən/波士顿[18]eyesight/'aɪsaɪt/n.视力[19]aswell也，同样地[20]relate/rɪ'leɪt/vi.理解；相联系relateto...理解……；与……有关系[21]technique/tek'niːk/n.技巧，手法[22]straightforward/ˌstreɪt'fɔːwəd/adj.简洁的，易懂的；恳切的，坦率的[23]startwith从……起先[24]doll/dɒl/n．玩偶[25]initially/ɪ'nɪʃəli/adv.起初[26]excitement/ɪk'saɪtmənt/n．兴奋，激烈excitevt.使兴奋，刺激excitingadj.令人兴奋的，使人激烈的[27]holdup举起[28]simplyadv.仅仅；简直；简洁地；朴实地[29]imitation/ˌɪmɪ'teɪʃən/n．仿照，仿效[30]welln．井[31]stream/striːm/n．水流[32]movementn．运动，活动movev．移动，搬家；使感动[33]liquid/'lɪkwɪd/n．液体[34]precious/'preʃəs/adj.珍贵的[35]openup打开，开发[36]nowthat既然，因为[37]grasp/grɑːsp/vt.理解，领悟[38]beeagertodosth.渴望做某事[39]as...assb.can尽可能……＝as...aspossible[40]gradual/'grædʒuəl/adj.渐渐的，逐步的[41]painful/'peɪnfəl/adj.令人苦痛的；困难的；难受的painn．苦痛；难受[42]enthusiastic/ɪnˌθjuːzi'æstɪk/adj.热心的，热衷的beenthusiasticabout热衷于；对……充溢热忱[43]vocabulary/və'kæbjʊləri/n．词汇量[44]expand/ɪk'spænd/vi.&vt.(使)扩大；增加[45]leadsb.todosth.导致某人做某事[46]complex/'kɒmpleks/adj.困难的；难以理解的[47]violet/'vaɪəlɪt/n．紫罗兰[48]gently/'dʒentli/adv.和顺地；和顺地；平缓地[49]drawv．拉；吸引[50]closeto靠近……[51]pointto...指向……[52]puzzle/'pʌzəl/vt.使困惑，使迷惑puzzledadj.困惑的；茫然的puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的[53]apparent/'əpærənt/adj.自不待言的；明白的apparentlyadv.看来，明显[54]keepondoingsth.不断做某事，接着做某事[55]sweetnessn．甜，芳香[56]warmthn．温煦；热忱[57]ray/reɪ/n.(太阳或月亮的)光线[58]confusedadj.迷惑的confusingadj.令人迷惑的confusevt.使迷惑[59]disappointed/ˌdɪsə'pɔɪntɪd/adj.悲观的，懊丧的[60]abstract/'æbstrækt/adj.抽象的[61]concept/'kɒnsept/n．概念；想法[62]breakthrough/'breɪkθruː/n．突破；重大进展[63]necklace/'neklɪs/n．项链[64]withthehelpof...在……的帮助下[65]makemistakes/amistake犯错误[66]uncertainadj.不确定的[67]fixv．修理，修理；解决[68]stoptodosth.停下去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事[69]forehead/'fɔːhed/n．额，前额[70]inaflash瞬间；一刹那间[71]atthatmoment就在那时[72]returnto回到；复原到[73]thinkabout考虑，思索[74]comeout出来；出版[75]inaway在某种程度上；有点儿[76]pourinto灌注，灌输；倒入[77]vivid/'vɪvɪd/adj.生动的，逼真的[78]truthn．真理，真相；事实ENLIGHTENING[1]AMINDHelenKeller[2]wasanexceptionally[3]specialgirl.Bythetime[4]shewassevenyearsold,shestillcouldn'tspeak,readorwriteandneededtohaveeverythingdoneforher.Thiswasbecauseshecouldn'tseeorhear【1】.Withthesesevere[5]restrictions[6]tohercommunication[7]，Helen'sbehaviour[8]wasoftenunbearable[9].Shewassometimestroublesome[10]，stubborn[11]andangry,andhadatendency[12]tobreakthingswhennooneunderstoodher.【1】Thiswasbecause...“这是因为……”，because引导表语从句。Helen'sparentsgotasuperb[13]teacherrecommended【2】tothem,awomannamedAnneSullivan[14].Annewasateacherandformer[15]studentataschoolfortheblind[16]inBoston[17].She'dhadeyesight[18]problemsearlyinlifeaswell[19]soshecouldrelate[20]toHelen'sdifficulties.【2】gotasuperbteacherrecommended是getsb./sth.done结构，asuperbteacher与recommend之间是被动关系。Anne'stechnique[21]toteachHelenlanguage【3】wassimpleandstraightforward[22].AnnespeltwordsbywritingonHelen'shandsothatHelencouldgetamentalpictureofthewords【4】.Shestartedwith[23]theword“doll”.ShewouldletHelenplaywiththedoll[24]【5】，andthenspelltheletters“D-O-L-L”onherhand.Whentheyinitially[25]didthis,Helenthoughtitwasagame.Shewroteaboutherexcitement[26]laterinherbook,TheStoryofMyLife：“Runningdownstairstomymother【6】，Iheldup[27]myhandandmadethelettersfor‘doll’.IdidnotknowthatIwasspellingawordoreventhatwordsexisted;Iwassimply[28]makingmyfingersgoinmonkey-likeimitation[29]【7】．”【3】toteachHelenlanguage是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词technique。【4】sothatHelencouldgetamentalpictureofthewords是sothat引导的目的状语从句，sothat表示“为了，以便”。【5】playwiththedoll是动词不定式短语作宾补，因为前面是使役动词let，故此处省略了不定式符号to。【6】Runningdownstairstomymother是现在分词短语作状语，句子主语I与run之间是主动关系。【7】goinmonkey-likeimitation是动词不定式短语作宾补，因为前面是使役动词make，所以此处省略了不定式符号to。Whentheywereatthewell[30]oneday,AnneputoneofHelen'shandsunderthestream[31]ofwater.AsthewaterflowedoverHelen'shand【8】，Annespeltout“W-A-T-E-R”intoHelen'sotherhand.AsAnnewroteonHelen'shand【9】，Helensuddenlyrealisedthatthemovement[32]ofthefingersmeantthecoolliquid[33]flowingoverherhand【10】.Thisprecious[34]knowledgegaveherhopeandjoy.Finally,shegottheworldofwordsopenedup[35]toher.【8】AsthewaterflowedoverHelen'shand是as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“当……的时候”。【9】AsAnnewroteonHelen'shand是as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“当……的时候”。【10】flowingoverherhand是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词liquid，liquid与flow之间是主动关系。Nowthat[36]Helengrasped[37]thekeytolanguage【11】，shewasveryeagerto[38]learnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould[39].Childrenwhocanseeandhear【12】learnlanguageeasily,butforHelen,itwasagradual[40]andsometimespainful[41]process.However,becauseHelenwassoenthusiastic[42]aboutlearning,theresultswereamazing.【11】Nowthat...language是nowthat引导的缘由状语从句，nowthat表示“既然”。【12】whocanseeandhear是定语从句，修饰先行词Children，关系代词who指代人，在从句中作主语。AsHelen'sknowledgeandvocabulary[43]expanded[44]【13】，sheaskedmoreandmorequestions.Thissoonledherto[45]discovermorecomplex[46]wordsandchangedherthinkingprocess【14】.Tryingtolearntheword“love”【15】wasanexperiencethatsherememberedwell【16】.Thisishowshedescribeditinherbook【17】：“IrememberthemorningthatIfirstaskedthemeaningoftheword‘love’.ThiswasbeforeIknewmanywords【18】.Ihadfoundafewearlyviolets[47]inthegardenandbroughtthemtomyteacher...MissSullivanputherarmgently[48]roundmeandwroteonmyhand，‘IloveHelen.’‘Whatislove？’Iasked.Shedrew[49]mecloserto[50]herandsaid，‘Itishere，’pointingto[51]myheart...Herwordspuzzled[52]meverymuchbecauseIdidnotthenunderstandanythingunlessItouchedit【19】．”【13】AsHelen's...expanded是as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。【14】thinkingprocess中thinking是动名词作定语，修饰process。【15】单个动名词短语Tryingtolearntheword“love”作句子主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数was。【16】thatsherememberedwell是定语从句，修饰先行词anexperience，关系代词在从句中作remembered的宾语。【17】howshedescribeditinherbook在系动词is后面，是表语从句。【18】beforeIknewmanywords在系动词was后面，是表语从句。【19】because引导缘由状语从句；unlessItouchedit是条件状语从句。Althoughthemeaningoflovewasstillnotapparent[53]toHelen【20】，shekeptontrying[54]tounderstandit.“Ismeltthevioletsinherhandandasked,halfinwords,halfinsigns,aquestionwhichmeant，‘Islovethesweetness[55]offlowers？’【21】‘NO，’saidmyteacher.”【20】Althoughthemeaningoflove...是although引导的让步状语从句。【21】whichmeant，‘Is...flowers？’是定语从句，修饰先行词aquestion，which在从句中作主语。WhenHelenandAnnewereoutsideoneday,Helenfeltthewarmth[56]ofthesun'srays[57].Shepointedupandaskedifthatwaslove.Whenherteachersaidthatitwasn't,shewasconfused[58]anddisappointed[59].“Ithoughtitstrangethatmyteachercouldnotshowmelove【22】．”【22】Ithought...love是复合句，主句是“动词＋it＋宾补＋that...”结构，it是形式宾语，从句thatmyteacher...love是真正的宾语。Theword“think”wasalsoadifficultoneforHelenbecauseitissuchanabstract[60]concept[61]【23】.However,onedayasshewasworkingonasimpletask【24】，shehadabreakthrough[62].Shewasmakingnecklaces[63]withthehelpof[64]Annewhenshenoticedthatshehadmadesomemistakes[65]【25】.Becauseshewasuncertain[66]howtofix[67]them,shestoppedtothink[68]carefully.Asshedidthis,AnnetouchedHelen'sforehead[69]andwrotetheword“think”onherhand.“Inaflash[70]Iknewthatthewordwasthenameoftheprocessthatwasgoingoninmyhead【26】．”【23】becauseitis...concept是because引导的缘由状语从句。【24】asshewasworkingonasimpletask是as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“当……的时候”。【25】本句是并列句，运用“wasdoing...when...”句型，“正在做……这时……”，并列连词when意为“这时”。【26】thatwasgoingoninmyhead是定语从句，修饰先行词theprocess，关系代词that在从句中作主语。ItwasthefirsttimeHelenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword【27】—awordforsomethingshecouldn'ttouch.Atthatmoment[71],hermindreturnedto[72]theword“love”.Asshethoughtabout[73]itsmeaningagain,thesuncameout[74].Shepointedtothesunandaskedherteacheragainifthatwaslove.AnneansweredHelenbyexplainingthatlovewaslikethesunandcloudsinaway[75]【28】．【27】Itwasthefirsttime...是固定句式，Itwasthefirsttime是主句，Helenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword是定语从句，非正式英语中省略了time后面的定语从句关系词that。【28】explainingthat...way是动名词短语，作介词by的宾语，其中thatlovewas...way是explaining的宾语从句。“Youcannottouchtheclouds,youknow;butyoufeeltherain...Youcannottouchloveeither;butyoufeelthesweetnessthatitpoursinto[76]everything【29】.Withoutloveyouwouldnotbehappyorwanttoplay【30】．”【29】thatitpoursintoeverything是定语从句，修饰先行词thesweetness，关系代词that在从句中作动词pours的宾语。【30】本句是以否定介词without引起的含蓄虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的状况，谓语用“情态动词＋动词原形”。Inthatvivid[77]moment,Helenfinallyunderstoodthebeautifultruth[78]oftheword“love”．启迪心灵海伦·凯勒是一个特别特别的女孩。她七岁时，仍不会说话，不能读书也不会写字，一切都须要别人照看。这是因为她看不见也听不见。这些严峻的障碍限制了海伦的正常沟通，也让她的行为经常令人难以忍受。海伦有时很烦人、很固执，而且很易怒。假如没有人能理解她的意思，她就会摔东西。海伦的父母经人举荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。安妮曾是波士顿一所盲人学校的老师，也曾在那儿上过学。她小时候视力也有障碍，所以能理解海伦所面临的逆境。安妮教海伦学习语言的方法简洁明白。她在海伦手上拼法单词，使海伦联想到单词的画面。安妮给海伦拼法的第一个词是“doll”。她先让海伦和洋娃娃玩耍，然后在海伦的手上拼法“D-O-L-L”。刚起先海伦以为这是在玩嬉戏。后来在《我的人生故事》一书中，她描述了自己的兴奋之情：“我跑下楼去见我母亲，举起手来，也给她拼法字母组成‘doll’。可我那时并不知道自己在拼法单词，甚至压根不知道词汇的存在。我仅仅是亦步亦趋地用手指仿照老师。”一天，她们在井边，安妮把海伦的一只手放在水流下。水流过海伦的手掌，安妮在她的另一只手上拼法“W-A-T-E-R”。安妮在海伦手上写的时候，海伦突然意识到，手指的动作代表的是流过自己手掌的凉快的液体。这珍贵的学问给她带来希望和欢乐。最终，她打开了语言世界的大门。由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她特别渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能运用它。正常的孩子能听、能看，学起语言来很简洁。但对海伦来说，学习语言是个渐进的过程，有时会很苦痛。然而，由于海伦对学习有极高的热忱，学习成果令人惊异。随着海伦学问和词汇量的不断扩大，她提出的问题也越来越多。这很快使她学会了更困难的单词，从而变更了思维的过程。她很清晰地记得学习“love”这个单词的难忘阅历。在书中她这样描述道：“我记得有一天早上，我第一次问‘love’这个词的含义。那时我的词汇量还很有限。我在花园里发觉了早开的紫罗兰，摘下一些带给老师……莎莉文老师和顺地搂着我，在我的手上写着：‘我爱海伦。’‘什么是爱？’我问道。她把我拉得离她更近了一些，指着我的心脏说，‘爱在这里。’……她的话令我特别困惑，因为以往我只有触遇到实际物体，才能理解它的意思。”尽管对海伦来说，爱的意义还不明确，但她始终试着理解。“我闻了闻她手里的紫罗兰，半拼法半比划地问了个问题，意思是‘爱是花朵的香味吗？’‘不，’我的老师回答道。”一天和老师在室外，海伦感受到了阳光的温煦。她指了指太阳，问老师那是不是爱，老师说不是，海伦感到更困惑了，而且有些悲观。“我觉得很惊异，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。”“think”这个词对海伦来说也很难理解，因为它是一个很抽象的概念。然而有一天，在做一项简洁的任务时，她取得了突破。她正在安妮的帮助下做项链，这时她发觉自己犯了一些错。海伦不确定该如何解决，便停下来细致思索。在她思索的时候，安妮点了点海伦的额头，在她的手上写“think”这个词。“瞬间我就明白了，我头脑中进行的活动就是这个词的意思。”那是海伦第一次明白一个如此困难的词语的意思——一个(代表)她触摸不到的东西的词语。这时，海伦又想起了“love”。她再次思索“love”是什么意思，恰巧这时太阳出来了。海伦指着太阳又问老师那是不是爱。安妮说明道，爱在某种程度上就像太阳和云彩。“你知道吗，你摸不到云彩，但是你能感觉到雨……你也触摸不到爱，但是你能感觉到爱给万物带来的甜蜜。没有爱，你就不会欢乐，也不会想玩耍。”就在那个动人的时刻，海伦最终明白了“love”这个词语蕴含的漂亮的真谛。Ⅰ.课文结构图示Ⅱ.课文预习自测1.Fromthepassagewecanknowthat________．A．HelenknewwellhowtolearnabstractwordsB．Helenhadsomedifficultylearningwordsthatshecouldn'ttouchC．Helengaveuptryingwhenshecouldn'tunderstandthemeaningof“love”D．Helencouldlearnlanguageaseasilyaschildrenwhocouldseeandhear2.Whatcannotwelearnfromthepassage?A．Beforesevenyearsold,Helencouldcommunicatewithherparentsinsimplelanguage.B.AnneSullivanhadsometeachingexperiencebeforeshecametoteachHelen.C．AnneSullivanwasverypatientandlovedHelenverymuch.D．WhenHelenlearnedlanguage,shefolloweda“simpletocomplex”way.3.Whywasherteachersoimportanttoher?A．Herteachercouldlookafterheranddressher.B.Onlyherteachercouldpunishher.C．Herteachercouldunderstandhersituationandteachherhowtocommunicate.D．Herteachercouldteachherhowtocommunicatewithothers.4.Inwhichorderdoestheauthororganisethepassage?A.Time.B．Place.C．People.D．Theprocessoflearningwords.5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．It'sabouthowHelenKellerlearntfromherteacher.B．It'saboutapoorgirl,HelenKeller.C．It'saboutHelenKellerandherteacher.D．It'saboutHelenKeller'ssuccess.►第一版块：重点单词1．exceptionallyadv.极其，特别exceptionaladj.杰出的；优秀的；卓越的；异样的；特别的；罕见的(教材P30)HelenKellerwasanexceptionallyspecialgirl.海伦·凯勒是一个特别特别的女孩。exceptprep.除……之外exceptionn.例外❶Heisanexceptionallyhumorouspersonwhoisalwaysbringinglaughtertous.他是一个特别幽默的人，总是给我们带来笑声。❷He'sanexceptionallytalenteddancerandneedstopractiseseveralhourseveryday.他是位特别有天赋的舞蹈家，每天须要练几小时。❸Attheageoffive,heshowedexceptionaltalentasamusician.他五岁时就表现出非凡的音乐才能。❹Thequalityoftherecordingisquiteexceptional.录音质量相当不错。❺Irecommendhimwithoutreservation,asIbelieveyouwillappreciatehisexceptionaltalentinhisstudies.我毫无保留地向你举荐他，因为我信任你会观赏他在探讨上的非凡实力。[归纳拓展]exceptionally用于形容词和副词之前表示强调。showexceptionaltalentasamusician表现出非凡的音乐才能anexceptionalstudent出类拔萃的学生exceptionalbravery非凡的志气inexceptionalcircumstances在特别状况下anexceptionalcase不寻常的状况[即学即练]单句语法填空①About12%ofthecountryisinan“________(exception)”drought,theworstcategory.②Everyonehasthepotentialtodothingswellifheputshisheartintowhatheisdoingandthereisno________(except).③Theweather,evenforJanuary,was________(exception)cold.完成句子④Heinsiststhatattitudebe________________(相当重要)whendealingwithadifficultcustomer.2.restrictionn．限制，规定，约束restrictvt.限制，约束restrictedadj.受限制的；有限的restrictiveadj.限制性的；约束的(教材P30)Withthesesevererestrictionstohercommunication,Helen'sbehaviourwasoftenunbearable.这些严峻的障碍限制了海伦的正常沟通，也让她的行为经常令人难以忍受。removerestrictions解除限制relaxrestrictions放宽限制withoutrestriction没有限制地restrictoneselfto限制自己berestrictedto局限于……❶Werestrictthenumberofstudentsperclassto50.我们将每个班的学生人数限定为50人。❷Fogseverelyrestrictedvisibility.浓雾严峻影响了能见度。[归纳拓展]impose/placearestrictionon...对……实行限制[即学即练]单句语法填空①Weshouldplacea________(restrict)onthespeedofcars.②Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestricted________dryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.③Thetournamentis________(restrict)toplayersundertheageof23.④Theschoolrestrictsthenumberofstudentsperclass________50.⑤Membershipoftheclubis________(restrict)towomenonly.3.unbearableadj.难以忍受的；承受不住的unbearablyadv.难以忍受地；承受不住地bearableadj.可忍受的；支持得住的bearv.忍受，承受；经得起can'tbeartodosth.不能忍受做某事can'tbear(sb.)doingsth.不能忍受(某人)做某事❶Hisstrangebehaviourisunbearable.他惊异的行为令人无法忍受。❷Ifindhisrudemannerunbearable.我觉得他粗鲁的看法令人无法忍受。[联想拓展]un-(不)＋bear(容忍)＋-able(能……的)→unbearable难以忍受的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Iwouldratherlivewithoutthese________(bear)tensions.②Hecan'tbearpeople________(smoke)whileheiseating.完成句子③Totellyouthetruth,Ireally__________________________________(觉得……难以忍受)toworkwithsuchaterriblemanwhohasnosympathyatall.4.behaviourn．行为；举止；看法(＝behavior)behavevi.表现vi.&vt.表现得体；有礼貌(教材P30)Withthesesevererestrictionstohercommunication,Helen'sbehaviourwasoftenunbearable.这些严峻的障碍限制了海伦的正常沟通，也让她的行为经常令人难以忍受。good/badbehaviour良好/恶劣行为socialbehaviour社会行为one'sbehaviourtowards...某人对待……的看法behaviourproblems行为问题changeone'sbehaviour变更某人的行为influenceone'sbehaviour影响某人的行为[归纳拓展]behavewell/badly行为规则/不好，行为检点/不检点；表现好/不好behavelikeahog举止粗鲁 behavebadlytowards/to对……不礼貌well-behaved表现好的 badly-behaved表现差的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineour________(behave)andcorrectbadhabits.②Multiplegenesbehaved________(different),relyingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.③IsawthatMrsFairfaxapprovedofmyhumorous________(behave),andIknewthatsherespectedmeforit.④Parentsshouldeducatetheirchildrentobehave________(good).5.tendencyn．倾向tendvi.往往会；趋于vi.&vt.照料(教材P30)Shewassometimestroublesome,stubbornandangry,andhadatendencytobreakthingswhennooneunderstoodher.海伦有时很烦人、很固执，而且很易怒，假如没有人能理解她的意思，她就会摔东西。tendv.倾向，趋于；照看，照料tendtodosth.往往会做某事，易于做某事tendto/towards有……的趋势❶I'mawarethatshehasatendencytotalktoomuchwhenshe'snervous.我意识到她一惊惶就会说许多话。❷Itisrecognisedthatthereisatendencyforthisdiseasetoruninfamilies.人们相识到这种疾病有在家庭中流行的趋势。❸Whenapersonisawarethathewillbepunishedforhisdeed,hetendstolie.当一个人意识到他会因为他的行为而受到惩处时，他就倾向于说谎。❹Hisviewstendto/towardstheextreme.他的观点趋于偏激。[归纳拓展]haveatendencytodosth.倾向于做某事atendencyto/towards...……的倾向/趋势tendtosb./sth.照看某人/某物to是介词且可以省略displayartistictendencies显示出对艺术的偏好[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Shehasastrongnaturaltendency________caution.②Nowadaysmanypeoplehaveatendency________(give)upsmokingduetoitsbadeffects.③Themanagertends________(promote)theemployeewhoisworkinghard.④He________________(往往会)benervouswhenspeakinginpublic.⑤Thedrugiseffectivebut____________________(可能会引起头疼).6.recommendv．举荐；建议recommendationn．提议；举荐(教材P30)Helen'sparentsgotasuperbteacherrecommendedtothem,awomannamedAnneSullivan.海伦的父母经人举荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉的优秀老师。[句子分析]gotateacherrecommendedtothem是getsth.done(使某物被做)结构，意为“获得一位被举荐给他们的老师”。后面awomannamedAnneSullivan是teacher的同位语，对teacher作进一步的说明。recommendbuyingthisdictionary建议买这本词典recommendagooddentisttome给我举荐一个好牙医recommendhimforthejob/ashersecretary举荐他做这项工作/做她的秘书[归纳拓展]recommenddoingsth.建议做某事recommendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事recommendsth.tosb.向某人举荐(介绍)某事(物)recommendsb.for/as...举荐某人做(某职位)/作为……recommend＋that-clause建议(从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theprofessorrecommendedme________(buy)somenewbooksonviolet.②Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyou________(find)yourwayinstyle.③Irecommendedagoodmovie________him.④Irecommendedher________thejobmeansthatIrecommendedher________hissecretary.⑤Ourteacherrecommended________thisbook.Itmeansthatherecommendedthatwe________thisbook(ready).7.relatevi.理解；相联系；认同vt.&vi.(使)有联系(教材P30)She'dhadeyesightproblemsearlyinlifeaswellsoshecouldrelatetoHelen'sdifficulties.她小时候视力也有障碍，所以能理解海伦所面临的逆境。arelatedissue/question相关的议题/问题astress-relatedillness压力导致的疾病(be)relatedto与……有关系(be)closely/stronglyrelatedto与……亲密相关(be)directlyrelatedto与……有干脆关系berelatedtootherproducts与其他产品有关berelatedtotheothermembersofthisfamily与这个家庭的其他成员相关inrelationto关于……；与……相比relativelyspeaking相对来说❶Ionlystayedwithhimoccasionally.Thereforeit'shardformetorelatetohisidea.我只是间或和他待在一起，因此很难理解他的想法。❷Totellthetruth,allthesedon'trelatetosympathy.说实话，全部这一切与怜悯心无关。❸Thereportseekstorelatetheincreaseinthenumberofanimalsinthisspeciestoourconservation.报告试图把这个物种中动物数量的增加与我们的疼惜联系起来。[联想拓展]relateto...理解……；与……有关relate...to...使……和……有联系berelatedto...与……有关,relatevi.理解；相联系relatedadj.有联系的relationn．联系，关系；关联relationshipn．关系；联系；血缘关系relativeadj.相对的n.亲戚relativelyadv.相当程度上；相对地relatedto和connectedwith常在句中作后置定语，相当于which/that引导的定语从句。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Ilovetechnologyandtrytokeepupwithit,soIcanrelate________mystudents.②Thestudytriestorelatetheriseincrime________anincreaseinunemployment.③Ican'trelatehim________thefamousphilosopher.Helookssoordinary.④Thetopicyouchoosemust________(relate)toyourstudies.⑤Ourproductneedsanimagethatpeoplecan________________(理解).⑥The“newfourgreatinventions”________________(与……相关)China'shigh-techinnovation.8.excitementn．兴奋，激烈excitevt.使兴奋excitedadj.兴奋的excitingadj.令人兴奋的(教材P30)Shewroteaboutherexcitementlaterinherbook,TheStoryofMyLife：...后来在《我的人生故事》一书中，她描述了自己的兴奋之情：……toone'sexcitement令某人兴奋的是in/withexcitement兴奋地asenseofexcitement兴奋感befullof/filledwithexcitement满怀激烈❶Muchtohisexcitement,hegotpromotedshortlyafterheworkedinthiscompany.令他大为兴奋的是，他在这家公司工作不久之后就升职了。❷Thedogleaptandwaggeditstailinexcitement.狗兴奋得摇着尾巴跳来跳去。❸Thechildrenwerejumpingupanddownwithexcitement.孩子们兴奋得跳上跳下。[联想拓展]hideone'sexcitement掩饰某人的激烈betremblingwithexcitement激烈得直颤抖screamwithexcitement激烈得尖叫controlone'sexcitement限制某人的激烈[易混辨析]exciting与excitedexciting表性质，常修饰物；excited表状态，常修饰人以及人的声音、表情等。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thenewscausedgreat________(excite)amongherfriends.②Nowonderthechildrenare________(excite)!Thisisthefirsttimethey'vebeenabroad.③Theendofthemoviewasmuchmore________(excite)thanI'dexpected.完成句子④He________________________(满怀激烈)whenheheardthenewsthathissonwonthenationalscholarship.⑤____________________________(令他大为兴奋的是),hisdreamofbecomingamusicianhascometrue.9.graspvt.理解，领悟抓住；紧握(教材P31)NowthatHelengraspedthekeytolanguage,shewasveryeagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould.由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她特别渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能运用它。graspone'smeaning理解某人的意思graspachance/graspanopportunity抓住机会❶Atthattime,wedidnotfullygraspthesignificanceoftreatingpeoplesincerely.当时，我们没有完全明白真诚待人的重要性。❷Igraspedtheopportunitytohostthepartyanddidagoodjob.我抓住了举办聚会的机会，办得很好。[常见搭配]graspsb.bythearm紧紧抓住某人的胳膊takeafirmgraspofsth.紧紧抓住某物insb.'sgrasp在某人理解实力之内beyondsb.'sgrasp超出某人的理解实力[即学即练]写出grasp在句中的含义①Kaygraspedhimbythewrist.________________②Theyfailedtograsptheimportanceofhiswords.________________完成句子③He____________________________(抓住机会)andsavedthenaughtyboyfromthecrisis.④He____________________________(抓住手)ofthemiddle-agedmanandshookitwarmly.10.enthusiasticadj.热心的；热忱的；热衷的(教材P31)However,becauseHelenwassoenthusiasticaboutlearning,theresultswereamazing.然而，由于海伦对学习有极高的热忱，学习成果令人惊异。enthusiasmn.热忱，热忱enthusiasticallyadv.热忱地；热心地❶Heisveryenthusiasticaboutacademicresearch.他对学术探讨很感爱好。❷Shewaslessenthusiasticaboutbuyingalaptop.她对买笔记本电脑不太感爱好。[联想拓展]beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.对(做)某事热心/感爱好with(great)enthusiasm(特别)热忱地fullofenthusiasm充溢热忱withgreatinterest爱好盎然地[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theboywasnotenthusiastic________goingtotheboardingschoolanddidn'twanttopartwithhisoldfriends.②Thewholeplaygroundwasexcitedwiththeaudiencecheering________(enthusiastic)theathleteson.完成句子③Mynewclassmateissensitiveand___________________________________________(热心帮助别人).11.expandvi.&vt.(使)扩大；增加(教材P31)AsHelen'sknowledgeandvocabularyexpanded,sheaskedmoreandmorequestions.随着海伦学问和词汇量的不断扩大，她提出的问题也越来越多。expansionn.扩大；扩张；扩充；膨胀❶Shehasexpandedhercareertothefieldofentertainment.她已经把自己的事业扩展到消遣领域。❷Themayorisdeterminedtoexpandthelocalairport.市长确定扩建当地机场。❸Thevillageexpandedintoatown.这个村庄发展成了一个城镇。[联想拓展]expandinto扩展成为……expand(...)into(把……)扩展/发展成……expandon/upon详述；具体阐明anexpandingeconomy不断发展的经济expandthebusiness扩展业务Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.金属受热会膨胀。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Astudent'svocabulary________(expand)throughreading.②Thecompanygotintotroublewhenittried________(expand)quickly.③Thelocalgovernmenthassetupanumberoftechnicalschoolstomeettheneedsoftherapidly________(expand)economy.完成句子④____________________________________________(为了增加学问),youhavetogetoutofyourcomfortzone.⑤Shementionedafewideas,butshedidn't____________________________________(进行具体说明)them.12.gentlyadv.和顺地；和顺地；平缓地gentleadj.和顺的，和顺的(教材P31)MissSullivanputherarmgentlyroundmeandwroteonmyhand...莎莉文老师和顺地搂着我，在我的手上写着……begentlewith对……和顺aquietandgentleman一位温文尔雅的男士agentlevoice/laugh/touch和顺的声音/笑声/触摸gentlenature/smile/music和顺的性情/和顺的微笑/松软的音乐agentlebreeze和风alittlegentleexercise少量和顺的运动❶Gently,shetookholdofthedoorhandleandturnedit.她轻轻地握住门把手扭动了它。❷Thepathrangentlydowntothesea.这条小路平缓地向大海延长。❸Dianerepliedandwalkedintothegentlewaves.黛安回复完，就走进了轻轻波动的浪花里。[名师点津]gentle的副词形式是去e加y，类似的形容词还有possible,probable,simple等。即：gentle→gentlypossible→possiblyprobable→probablysimple→simplyvisible→visibly[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thewaves________(gentle)lapagainsttheshore.②She________(gentle)foldedthebabyinablanket.③Theprofessorpattedthetroublesomeboy________(gentle)andcomfortedhim.④Heis________(gentle)manIhaveeverencountered.⑤Heslowlysatnexttomeandtouchedmyface________(gentle),asamotherwouldstrokeababy.13.breakthroughn．突破；重大进展(教材P31)However,onedayasshewasworkingonasimpletask,shehadabreakthrough.然而有一天，在做一项简洁的任务时，她取得了突破。make/achieveabreakthrough取得突破/重大进展❶Herecamethenewsthatthescientistshadmadeamajorscientificbreakthrough.传来了科学家们取得重大科学突破的消息。❷Hemadeamajorbreakthroughinthetreatmentofcancer.他在癌症治疗方面取得了重大突破。[联想拓展]v.＋adv.→n.(由动词短语转化而来的合成名词)breakthrough突破→breakthroughn．突破；重大进展breakdown出故障→breakdownn．故障breakout爆发→outbreakn．爆发putout生产，输出→outputn．产量，输出comein进来→incomen．收入comeout出现，结果是→outcomen．结果，后果[即学即练]选词填空(outbreak/breakthrough/breakdown)①ThecauseofAIDSismadeclear,whichwillhelptomakeagreat________inthetreatmentofthedeadlydisease.②Blamedforthe________oftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.③Wemustbereadytorespondquicklytocontainany________．完成句子④Theeducator________________________(取得了重大突破)invocabularyteaching.►其次版块：重点短语1．holdup举起；支持住；延迟，阻碍(教材P30)Runningdownstairstomymother,Iheldupmyhandandmadethelettersfor‘doll’．我跑下楼去见我母亲，举起手来，也给她拼法字母组成‘doll’。holdtheline别挂断，等会儿keepholdof...抓住……不放getaholdofsth.限制……getholdofsb.找某人，联系某人❶Theroofwasheldupbywood.房顶用木头支撑着。❷Sorry,I'mlate.Igotheldupinatrafficjam.愧疚我迟到了。我被交通堵塞耽搁了。❸Sheheldupunderenormouspressure.他在重压之下照旧保持良好的状态。❹Hetriedtokeepaholdofhisemotions.他尽量限制住自己的心情。[归纳拓展]holdup举起，抬起；支撑，支持；耽搁，耽搁；保持良好、强壮holdon等一下；别挂电话；坚持；抓住holdback阻挡；迟疑；抑制；隐瞒,holddown使保持低水平；压制；限制holdoff推迟；延迟；克服holdontosth.保留某物；抓住某物holdout伸出；坚持holdover搁置；推迟holdto