备考2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit5Adelicateworld外研版选择性必修第二册

Unit5Adelicateworld一、阅读理解A[2024江西南昌一模]Anewstudysuggeststhatpollutionofallkindskillsnearly9millionpeopleworldwideeachyear.Airpollutionfromindustrialprocessesandtheexpansionofcitiesaccountedforabout75％ofthedeaths，researchersfound.Thestudywasbasedonexaminationsofworldwidedeathratesandpollutionlevels.Thestudyseparatedtraditionalpollutantsfrommodernpollutants.Examplesoftraditionalpollutantsareindoorsmokeorwastewater.Modernpollutantsincludeairpollutionfromvehiclesorindustrialactivitiesandpoisonouschemicals.Theresearchersfoundthatdeathsfromtraditionalpollutantsaredroppingworldwide.ButtheyremainamajorprobleminAfricaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Insomecountries，stateprogramstocutindoorairpollutionandimprovementsinsanitation（卫生设备）havehelpedreducedeathrates.InEthiopiaandNigeria，forexample，sucheffortscutdeathsbytwo-thirdsbetween2000and2024，thestudyfound.Modernkindsofpollutionarerisinginmostcountries，especiallydevelopingones，theresearcherssaid.Deathscausedbymodernpollutants—heavymetals，agriculturalchemicalsandcarbonemissions—are"skyrocketing"，saidthestudyco-writerRachaelKupka.SheheadstheNewYork-basedGlobalAllianceonHealthandPollution.Kupkasaiddeathslinkedtomodernpollutantshadrisenby66％since2000."Ninemilliondeathsarealotofdeaths，"PhilipLandrigantoldTheAssociatedPressaboutthestudy’sresults.HeisthedirectoroftheGlobalPublicHealthProgramandGlobalPollutionObservatoryatBostonCollegeinMassachusetts."Thebadnewsisthatit’snotdecreasing，"Landriganadded."We’remakinggainsintheeasystuff，andwe’reseeingthemoredifficultstuff—outdoorindustrialairpollutionandchemicalpollution—stillgoingup."Thestudymakesseveralsuggestionsforwaystocutthenumberofdeaths.Theseincludecreatingbetterrecordingandreportingmethodsandstrongergovernmentpoliciestoreducepollutionlinkedtoindustrialactivitiesandvehicleemissions."Weabsolutelyknowhowtosolvepollutionproblems，"saidthestudyco-authorRichardFuller."What’smissingispoliticalwill."本文主要讲解并描述了一项新的探讨，该探讨发觉每年死于环境污染的人数众多，且现代化污染还在加剧。文章还提到了探讨人员的相关看法和提议。【词语积累】expansionn.扩张，扩展，扩大，膨胀accountfor（数量、比例上）占；对……负责；导致poisonousadj.有毒的1.Whatcanbelearnedfromthestudyaboutpollution？A.Airpollutionkilled9millionpeoplelastyear.B.Cuttingindoorairpollutionisthebestpolicy.C.TraditionalpollutionisveryseriousinNigeria.D.Traditionalpollutantscauselessdeathsthanbefore.解析D微小环节理解题。由其次段中的"Theresearchersfoundthatdeathsfromtraditionalpollutantsaredroppingworldwide"可知，世界范围内传统污染物造成的死亡人数在下降，换句话说，就是比以前少了，故D项正确。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"skyrocketing"probablymeaninparagraph3？A.Improving. B.Increasing.C.Reducing. D.Worsening.解析B词义揣测题。由画线词后的"deathslinkedtomodernpollutantshadrisenby66％since2000"可知，现代化污染物造成的死亡人数在上升，故B项与画线词的意思最为接近。3.WhatcanbeinferredfromPhilipLandrigan’swords？A.Itiseasytofightmodernpollution.B.Outdoorairpollutionisdecreasing.C.Modernpollutionstillconcernspeople.D.Itishardtotellthereasonsforpollution.解析C推理推断题。由第四段中PhilipLandrigan所说的话可知，900万的死亡人数是一个很大的数字，且还存在更麻烦的事物——户外工业空气污染和化学污染还在增加，由其次段第三句话可知，两者均为现代化污染，所以此处是说现代化污染还在加剧，据此可以推断，PhilipLandrigan认为现代化污染仍让人们担忧，故C项正确。4.Whatmightbetalkedaboutintheparagraphthatfollows？A.Methodstoreducepollution.B.Thegovernment’sresponsetopollution.C.Suggestionsforindustrialactivities.D.Thedamagecausedbyvehicleemissions.解析B推理推断题。由最终一段中的"What’smissingispoliticalwill"和逻辑可以推断，最终一段既然提到了现在还缺乏政治意愿，那么接下来应当会讲到政策（政府）方面对污染的回应，故B项正确。B[生态环保/2024江苏南通、海安开学考]USforestscouldworsenglobalwarminginsteadofeasingitbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanet-warminggasesastheygetolder，anewAgricultureDepartmentreportsays.USforestscurrentlyabsorb11percentofUScarbonemissions，or150millionmetrictonsofcarbonayear，equaltothecombinedemissionsfrom40coalpowerplants，thereportsays.Itpredictsthattheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbonwillstartfallingquicklyafter2025andthatforestscouldemitupto100millionmetrictonsofcarbonayearastheiremissionsfromrottingtreesexceedtheircarbonabsorption.Forestscouldbecomea"substantialcarbonsource"by2070，theUSDAreportsays."ThepredictionsuggeststhatthelossofforestsasanaturalcarbonabsorberwillrequiretheUStocutemissionsmorerapidlytoreachnetzero，"saidLynnRiley，aseniormanagerofclimatescienceattheAmericanForestFoundation."10percentofourdomesticemissions.Thatisareallysignificantportion，"Rileysaid."Asweworktodecarbonize...forestsareoneofthegreatesttoolsatourdisposal.Ifweweretolosethat，itmeanstheUSwillcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions.""Thelossofcabonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires，tornadoesandhurricanes，whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thedisastersdestroyforests，disruptingtheirecosystemanddecreasingtheirabilitytoabsorbcarbon，"Rileysaid.Exploitationofforestedareas，whichthereportprojectswillcontinuetoincrease，ishavingthesameeffectaspeopleincreasinglymovetotheso-calledwildandurbaninterface.Thetrees’abilitytoabsorbcarbonweakensovertime.Older，maturetreesabsorblesscarbonthanyoungertreesofthesamespecies，andtheUSforestsarerapidlyaging，thereportfound."Moreaggressiveforestmanagementcanhelpbycuttingdownasmallportionofagingforeststomakewaysforyoungertreesthatabsorbmorecarbon，"Rileysaid."Athoroughstudyofeachforestshouldbedonebeforeremovingoldertrees，"Rileysaid，comparingforestmanagementtoprescribingtheproperdrugstoapatient.本文是一篇说明文。美国农业部的一份新报告称，美国的森林正在遭遇自然灾难的破坏，随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸取温室气体的实力，这可能会加剧全球变暖，而不是缓解全球变暖。文章对此进行了具体介绍。1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Coalpowerplantsemit150millionmetrictonsofcarboneveryyear.B.Cuttingdownalloldertreesisaneffectivewaytosolvetheproblem.C.Anewstudyofforestsshouldbeconductedafterremovingoldertrees.D.Forestsarelikelytoshiftfromacarbonabsorbertoanemissionsource.解析D微小环节理解题。由其次段最终两句"Itpredictsthattheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbonwillstartfallingquicklyafter2025andthatforestscouldemitupto100millionmetrictonsofcarbonayearastheiremissionsfromrottingtreesexceedtheircarbonabsorption.Forestscouldbecomea‘substantialcarbonsource’by2070，theUSDAreportsays"可知，森林很可能从碳吸取者转变为排放源，故选D。2.WhatcanweinferfromwhatRileysaidinparagraphs3and4？A.Forestsplayacrucialroleinholdingcarbon.B.Forestsarenolongeranaturalcarbonabsorber.C.TheUSmakescontributionstodecarbonization.D.Achievingnetzeroemissionsiswithineasyreach.解析A推理推断题。由Riley在第三段和第四段所说的话，尤其是第四段中的"Asweworktodecarbonize...forestsareoneofthegreatesttoolsatourdisposal.Ifweweretolosethat，itmeanstheUSwillcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions"可知，森林在储存碳方面起着至关重要的作用，故选A。3.ThefollowingfactorscancausethelossofcarbonabsorptionEXCEPT.A.agingforests B.naturaldisastersC.globalwarming D.thedevelopmentofforests解析D微小环节理解题。由第五段中的"Thelossofcabonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires，tornadoesandhurricanes，whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise"可知，自然灾难和全球变暖都会降低碳吸取；由第一段"USforestscouldworsenglobalwarminginsteadofeasingitbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanet-warminggasesastheygetolder，anewAgricultureDepartmentreportsays"可知，树木老化也会降低碳吸取，故选D。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.CuttingCarbonHelpsSlowGlobalWarmingB.GlobalWarmingIsBecomingWorseGraduallyC.ForestsAreLosingTheirAbilitytoHoldCarbonD.PlantingMoreTreesIsattheTopoftheAgenda解析C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要是讲随着树木的老化，森林正在失去吸取温室气体的实力，故C项做文章标题最佳。二、完形填空[2024云南三校其次次联考]HurricaneIanhitFloridaandbroughtwithitflooding，windsandarecordhighstorm.Karenis84yearsoldandreliesonawheelchairto1becauseshemissedaleg.HersonJohnnytried2togethertoleave，butsherefusedagainandagain—she3theintensityofthestorm.Johnnylivesfourblocksaway.WhenKarenreportedthewaterinherhousehadreachedherwaist，heknewhehadtotake4.First，Johnny5hiskidsweretakencareof.Hegavethemfoodandopenedtheattic（阁楼）sothattheycould6throughtheroofifwatercontinuedtorise.Then，hejumpedoutofawindowandbeganto7.Johnnywasracingagainsttheclock.Heknewheonlyhada（n）8periodoftimetogettherebeforethewaterroseaboveKaren’s9.Ittookhim40minutestoswimfourblocks.ThesoundofKarenyellingwas10tohisears！Shewasstillalive！EveryoneinJohnny’sfamilyisnow11althoughthey’velosteverythingtheyowned.Butthey’re12justtobehere."Ididn’tlose13.Lifeislikeacomputer，there’retwo14：aresetandapower—andweareblessedthatitwasjustaresetbutton，notthepower，thatgot15，"hesaid.本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了猛烈的暴风雨发生时，Johnny游了四个街区，去救因缺少一条腿而坐轮椅的母亲。虽然这场暴风雨让他们失去了家里全部的东西，但幸运的是，一家人都平安地活下来了，这是很重要的。1.A.getaround B.helpoutC.situp D.workout解析A由"becauseshemissedaleg"可知，Karen须要依靠轮椅出行，故选A。getaround出行，helpout帮……摆脱困难，situp坐直，workout解决。2.A.simply B.repeatedlyC.obviously D.particularly解析B由"butsherefusedagainandagain"可知，她儿子让她离开家里，但是她一遍又一遍拒绝了儿子，由此可知，她的儿子一再试图让她离开，故选B。simply简洁地；repeatedly重复地，一再；obviously明显；particularly尤其，特殊。3.A.calculated B.identifiedC.experienced D.underestimated解析D句意：她的儿子Johnny一再试图让她离开，但她一次又一次地拒绝了——她低估了暴风雨的强度。calculate计算，identify认出，experience阅历，underestimate低估。D项符合语境。4.A.care B.placeC.action D.charge解析C由"WhenKarenreportedthewaterinherhousehadreachedherwaist，heknewhehadtotake4"可知，在听到母亲说家里的水已经到了她的腰部时，Johnny意识到他必需实行行动去救母亲，故选C。care关切，place地方，action行动，charge费用。5.A.proved B.ensuredC.noticed D.admitted解析B由"Hegavethemfoodandopenedtheattic（阁楼）"和文章提到他听到母亲说她家里的水已经到腰部可知，Johnny要去帮助母亲，所以他给孩子们食物并打开了阁楼的门，以确保孩子们能够被照看好，故选B。prove证明，ensure确保，notice留意，admit承认。6.A.expand B.assistC.escape D.dominate解析C由"ifwatercontinuedtorise"可知，假如水位接着上升，孩子们可以通过阁楼走到屋顶，然后逃出去，故选C。expand扩大，assist帮助，escape逃脱，dominate统治。7.A.run B.rideC.drive D.swim解析7.D由"Ittookhim40minutestoswimfourblocks"和文章介绍暴风雨很大可知，Johnny是游到母亲家的，故选D。8.A.short B.efficientC.ideal D.indefinite解析A由"beforethewaterroseaboveKaren’s9"和上文提到Karen坐在轮椅上，水已经到了她的腰部，且暴风雨很大可知，水很快就会沉没Karen，所以说Johnny只有很短的时间游到母亲家里，故选A。short短的，efficient有效率的，ideal志向的，indefinite无限期的。9.A.waist B.anklesC.head D.knees解析C由"beforethewaterroseaboveKaren’s9"可知，暴风雨很大，所以水很快就会没过Karen的头，将她沉没，故选C。10.A.harm B.musicC.advice D.news解析B由"Shewasstillalive！"可知，听到母亲的声音，他很兴奋，知道母亲还活着，所以此处将母亲的声音比作音乐，突出他很兴奋，故选B。11.A.responsible B.remarkableC.innocent D.safe解析D虽然他们失去了全部的东西，但是Johnny家里的每个人现在都平安了。responsible负责任的，remarkable非凡的，innocent无罪的，safe平安的。D项符合语境。12.A.grateful B.sureC.concerned D.surprised解析A由"EveryoneinJohnny’sfamilyisnow11"和"weareblessed"可知，他们都在暴风雨中幸存下来，所以他们心存感谢，故选A。grateful感谢的，sure确定的，concerned担忧的，surprised惊异的。13.A.memory B.hopeC.sight D.weight解析B由"weareblessedthatitwasjustaresetbutton，notthepower"可知，Johnny认为他们只是须要重新开启生活，这说明他没有失去希望，故选B。14.A.screens B.keyboardsC.buttons D.monitors解析C句意：生活就像一台电脑，有两个按钮：一个是复位按钮，一个是电源按钮。我们很幸运，按下的只是复位按钮，而不是电源按钮。C项符合语境。15.A.prepared B.separatedC.injured D.hit解析D参见上题解析。prepare打算，separate分别，injure受伤，hit按。三、语法填空[生态环保/]Snowpack，seaice，andglaciers（冰川）aremelting（溶化）aroundtheworld.Oneobviouseffectofclimatechangeistherapid1（disappear）ofglaciers.ThedeclineofglaciersintheGlacierNationalPark2（document）continuallywithphotosisworrying.Glaciersaroundtheworldaremeltingmorequickly3snowandicecanbuildthemup.Infact，theArcticiswarmingatarateoftwotothreetimes4globalaverage，fasterthananyotherplaceonEarth.This5（lead）toa40percentdecreas