暑假作业 05 高二英语重点语法定语从句知识巩固及练习（原卷版）-【暑假分层作业】2024年高二英语暑假培优练（人教版2019）

完成时间：月日天气：暑假作业05高二英语重点语法定语从句知识巩固及练习核心考点梳理一、定义定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）:that、which、who、whom、whose、as关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:when、why、where二、关系代词的用法在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。先行词在从句中作主语在从句中作宾语在从句中作定语指代人who/thatwhom/who/thatwhose/ofwhom指代物which/thatwhich/thatwhose/ofwhich1.关系代词who,whom和that的用法三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。who和whomwho可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。Johnnyisapersonwhoalwayshasnovelideas.Thepersonwho/whomyoujusttalkedtoisMrDepp.who和that在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。(1)先行词是one,ones和anyone时，宜用who。Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.Anyonewholaughslastlaughsbest.(2)先行词是those时，宜用who。Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourthankstothosewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinwesternYunnanprovince.(4)一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.(5)在therebe开头的句子中，宜用who。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.2.关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相当于ofwhom，指代物时，相当于ofwhich。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。WewantedtoseeourteacherMissStyles,whosehusbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.=WewantedtoseeourteacherMissStyles,thehusbandofwhomlosthislifeintheearthquake.3.关系代词that和which的用法两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。(1)在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用Thenewhousethat/whichIhavejustboughtisaboutsixmilesaway.Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(2)限定性定语从句中只用that的情况主句已有疑问词who或which时Whichofthecarsthatareinfrontofthehotelbelongstoyou?先行词既有人又有物时Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.先行词为all,much,few,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时It’seasytodotherepair.Allthatyouneedisahammerandsomenails.Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.I’dliketotellyousomethingthatwillmakeyousurprised.先行词有形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.PollyisthemostdirectyoungwomanthatIhaveevercomeacross.先行词有序数词修饰时ThefirsttimethatLestersawthefilm,hemadeuphismindtobecomeadirector.先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame,all,any,each,every,few,little,no,oneof等词修饰时ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening.LiMingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher.Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用thatEdisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.(3)只用which而不用that的情况引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用thatThefish,whichIboughtthismorning,isveryfresh.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(2)在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用thatIwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that,那么另一句的关系词就需用whichLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.三、关系副词的用法关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。先行词关系副词关系副词在从句中充当的成分指地点where地点状语指时间when时间状语指原因why原因状语1.关系副词where的用法由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building,city,room等，where在从句中作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case,point,situation,circumstance,activity,stage,state…Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.=Thehotel(that/which)westayedatwasveryclean.=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasveryclean.2.关系副词when的用法由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time,day,date等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion...I’llneverforgetthetimewhenwefirstmet.=I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichwefirstmet.3.关系副词why的用法why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.=Thereason(that)/forwhichIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.四、关系代词和关系副词的选用对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。Thisisthecollege(that/which)Ivisited.ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.五、定语从句的种类定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。区别：形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。语法上，非限定性定语从句一般不用that和why.语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）比较:Hehasasister,whoisamusician.(只有一个姐妹)Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.(不一定只有一个姐妹)引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who,whom,whose,指物时用which,whose,指整个句子用as,which;关系副词when,where,指原因用forwhich.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.单据语法填空1．Followinginthefootstepsofhisownteacherallthoseyearsago,Mr.Wanghasnowpassedonhisskillstothenewmemebers,willtakeonmanyofthefuturerepairs.2．Takingtargetedmeasurestohelppeopleliftthemselvesoutofpoverty,hasbeenpredicted,isfruitful.3．Lilytoldmeeverythingsheknew.4．Theteacherdidn’tknowthereasonshewaslateforschool.5．Hehadstrongdeterminationandperseveranceinthecompetition,madehimsuccessful.6．Hewasa“culturalanthropologist”,wecanthankforrecordingthelifeofawholecityanditspeopleoverhalfacentury.7．Theclassbecameacircusastheboys,hadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbefore,startedjumpingoutofthewindow.8．Children,isalwaysthecase,lovetheirmother.9．Thereasonhewasabsentwasquitecomplicated.10．isreported,Applecompanywillbelaunchinganewtabletthistimenextmonth.11．Theupsideisthatyouhavereachedastageyoucanmakeyourowndecisions.12．Over120,000peopleinNorway,of40%arecollegestudents,usetheapp.13．Culturalheritageisalotmorethanjustrelics.Forexample,ourcountryhasmanynationalities,dances,craftsandothertraditionsarealsoveryimportant.14．DuringmystayinAmerica,Ilivedinuniversityaccommodationwithotherinternationalstudents,allowsmetomeetpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgrounds.15．DreamVariationisamostcelebratedpoem,themedealswiththedreamofaworldfreeofracialdiscrimination.16．InanagemobilephonesandtheInternetareeatingupmostofourtimeandenergy,onecanunderstandhowdifficultitistofocusattentionandenergyonstudies.17．MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandsbecamehissecondhome.18．ThenextquestionIfounddifficulttoanswerwasputtomebyMary.19．ThegirltoIlentmybikeworksinahospital.20．Ihavepurchasedallisnecessary.21．ThisisthecleverestmanIhaveeverknown.22．Thisisthegreatestchallengewe’veevermetwith.23．ThenursewetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishfluently.24．isoftenthecase,hewaslateagainthismorning,madehisheadteacherannoyed.25．LucywasabsentfromMrSmith'slectureyesterday,shemadeanapologytohim.26．Itisafamilyof8children,allhavegotPhDinchemistry.27．Hehaswrittenthesciencefiction,thenameIhavecompletelyforgotten.28．Theship,theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent,wascalledtheMayflower.29．Thesungivestheearthlightandheat,areveryimportanttothelivingthings.30．We’llputoffthemeetingtillnextweek,wewon’tbesooccupiedwithourwork.二、单项选择31．Thedaysaregone______physicalstrengthwasall______mattersforherathleticcareer.A．because;what B．when;that C．because;that D．when;what32．Sittinginthelecturehallanumberofcommittedteachers,______attentionwasonanoutstandingteacher’slesson.A．were,their B．was,whose C．was,their D．were,whose33．In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.A．which B．its C．whose D．whom34．Lindawalkedthroughthedoorintothewaitingareainthehospital,________thereisalwaysanatmosphereofboredomandtension.A．when B．that C．which D．where35．BungeeJumpingisaverypopularsport,________couragemattersmorethanstrength.A．that B．why C．where D．which36．CouplesinChinaareallowedtohavethreechildren,________,inmyopinion,ishelpfulindealingwiththeproblemoftheincreasinglyagingpopulation.A．that B．who C．what D．which37．Thestudentsweredividedintopairs,________Lilywasn’thappywith.A．which B．where C．who D．what38．MissXiangisagreatteacher________alwaysmakesherclasseslively.A．which B．who C．what D．whom39．Suchfearsoffailingthetests______youhavearetotallyunnecessary.You’dbetterremovethemfromyourmind.A．that B．which C．as D．so40．Theworkersbelievetheassemblyhall________thecurtainneedtobechangeddeserves________.A．which;rebuilding B．ofwhich;toberebuiltC．whose;toberebuilt D．ofwhich;tobuild41．______isknown,morestudentstendtostudyabroadaftergraduationfromseniorhigh.A．As B．It C．What D．That42．Istillcan’tunderstandthepoint______ourmathteacherexplainedinclass.A．that B．where C．what D．how43．People________interestisexploringtherelationshipbetweenartandsciencewillenjoySingapore’sArtScienceMuseum.A．that B．which C．whose D．what44．Canyousparemesometime?BecauseI’vegottotalktoyouaboutthemoment________youmademecross.A．when B．which C．as D．how45．Itwasinthesmallhouse______wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather______hespenthischildhood.A．which;where B．that;where C．which;that D．that;which46．The2022WorldCupwasheldinQatar,______footballisthemostpopularsport.A．where B．which C．that D．when47．_____isknowntoall,Chinawillbean_____andpowerfulcountryin20or30yearsorso.A．That;advancing B．This;advanced C．As;advanced D．It;advancing48．Wearelivinginanage_______smartphonesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularinourdailylife.A．why B．that C．whose D．when49．I’mreadingthebookFuLei’sFamilyLettersthesedays,__________FuLeisharedhisviewsaboutlifewithhisson.A．when B．that C．which D．where50．Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture.A．onwhich B．fromwhich C．bywhich D．towhich三、完成句子51．那位老夫妻住在我们隔壁，他们的儿子在北京工作。Theoldcouple,sonisworkinginBeijinglivesnex