备考2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit5Revealingnature外研版选择性必修第一册

Unit5Revealingnature一、阅读理解A[2024福建福州5月质检]Bothhumansandanimalspossesstheabilitytocryoutforhelpwhenendangeredorthreatened.Plants，asitturnsout，cantoo."Wefoundthatplantsusuallyemit（发出）soundswhentheyareunderstressandthateachplantandeachtypeofstressisassociatedwithaspecificidentifiablesound，"researchersfromTelAvivUniversityinIsraelwroteintheirfindings，publishedinthescientificjournalCell."Whileundetectabletothehumanear，thesoundsemittedbyplantscanprobablybeheardbyvariousanimals，suchasbats，mice，andinsects."Stressorslikedehydration（脱水）anddamagetoleavesgaverisetotheplants’high-pitched（声音尖锐的）cries，whichrangedfrom20to250kHz.Thebiggerthedangeris，themorefrequentaplant’ssignalsare."Unstressedplantsemittedlessthanonesoundperhour，onaverage，"researcherLilachHadanysaid，"whilethestressedplants—bothdehydratedandinjured—emitteddozensofsoundseveryhour."Tocatchthesesounds，Hadany’steamsurroundedtomatoandtobaccoplantswithsuper-sensitivemicrophones.Theythenfedthedataintoanartificialintelligenceprogramthatcouldtellthedifferencebetweenthespeciesofplantsandthetypesofsoundsproduced."Ourfindingssuggestthattheworldaroundusisfullofplantsounds，andthatthesesoundscontaininformation，"Hadanywrote.Sheaddedthattotranslatethatinformation，wejustneedthe"righttoolssuchassensorsthattellgrowerswhenplantsneedwatering."Doingso，researchersnoted，mayallowfarmerstojudgeexactlywhenandwheretowatercrops，savingwater，increasingharvests，andloweringstressforbothplantsandhumankind.本文为说明文，主要介绍了植物也会发声这一状况。【词语积累】possessv.拥有，有endangeredadj.（动植物）濒危的emitv.发出，射出，散发（光、热、声音、气等）rangefrom...to...在……到……变更/变动1.WhatdidresearchersfromTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfind？A.Creaturestendtocryoutforhelpwhenindanger.B.Plantscangiveoffsoundswhentheyarestressed.C.Plantsoundscanbeheardbybothanimalsandhumans.D.Plantsmakethesamesoundwhatevertypeofstresstheyhave.解析B微小环节理解题。由其次段中的"‘Wefoundthat...sound，’researchers...scientificjournalCell"可知，这些探讨人员在科学杂志《细胞》上发表了探讨结果，他们认为，植物在受到压力时通常会发出声音，每种植物和每种类型的压力都与一种特定的可识别的声音有关，故B项正确。2.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowinparagraph3？A.Theinfluenceofstressonplants.B.Theurgencyofrelievingplantsofstress.C.Thepossibilityofplantsemittingsounds.D.Theimportanceofconductingtheresearch.解析A推理推断题。由第三段内容可知，像脱水和叶子受到损害等导致压力的事务会让植物发出尖叫。紧急越大，植物声音的频率越高。没有受到压力的植物平均每小时发出不到一次声音，而受到压力的植物——脱水的和受伤的——每小时发出几十次声音。据此可以推知，在该段中作者主要介绍压力对植物的影响，故A项正确。3.Whywasanartificialintelligenceprogramusedintheresearch？A.Tohelpgetridofplantstress.B.Toidentifythetypesofstress.C.Tocollectsoundsemittedbyplants.D.Toanalyzethecollectedsoundsofplants.解析D微小环节理解题。由第四段中的"Theythenfedthe...ofsoundsproduced"可知，他们将数据输入一个人工智能程序，该程序可以辨别出植物种类和发出的声音类型之间的差异；据此可知，在探讨中运用人工智能程序是为了分析收集到的植物的声音，故选D项。4.WhatcanwelearnfromHadany’swordsinthelastparagraph？A.Theresearchisofpracticalvalue.B.It’sdifficulttounderstandplantsounds.C.Furtherresearchisneededinthefuture.D.It’saseasyaspieforfarmerstogrowcrops.解析A推理推断题。由尾段中Hadany的话"Doingso，researchers...bothplantsandhumankind"可知，探讨人员指出，这样做可以让农夫精确地推断何时何地给作物浇水，同时做到节约用水，增加收成，减轻植物和人类的压力。据此可以推知，我们可从Hadany的话中得知该探讨具有确定的好用价值，故选A项。B[2024苏北四市一调]Animalscanadaptquicklytosurviveunfavorableenvironmentalconditions.Evidenceismountingtoshowthatplantscan，too.ApaperpublishedinthejournalTrendsinPlantSciencedetailshowplantsarerapidlyadaptingtotheeffectsofclimatechange，andhowtheyarepassingdowntheadaptationtotheiroffspring（后代）.Plantsarefacingmoreenvironmentalstressesthanever.Forexample，climatechangeismakingwintersshorterinmanylocations，andplantsareresponding."Manyplantsrequireaminimumperiodofcoldinordertosetuptheirenvironmentalclocktodefinetheirfloweringtime，"saysMartinelli，aplantgeneticistattheUniversityofFlorence."Ascoldseasonsshorten，plantshaveadaptedtorequireshorterperiodsofcoldtodelayflowering.Thesemechanismsallowplantstoavoidfloweringinperiodswhentheyhavefeweropportunitiestoreproduce."Becauseplantsdon’thaveneural（神经的）networks，theirmemoryisbasedentirelyoncellular（细胞的），molecular（分子的），andbiochemicalnetworks.Thesenetworksmakeupwhattheresearcherscallthesomaticmemory."Itallowsplantstorecognizetheoccurrenceofapreviousenvironmentalconditionandtoreactaccordingly，"saysMartinelli.Thesesomaticmemoriescanthenbepassedtotheplants’offspringviaepigenetics（表观遗传学）."Severalexamplesdemonstratetheexistenceofmolecularmechanismsmodulatingplantmemoryforenvironmentalstressesandaffectingtheadaptationofoffspringtothesestresses，"saysMartinelli.Goingforward，Martinellihopestounderstandevenmoreaboutthegenesthatarebeingpasseddown."WeareparticularlyinterestedindecodingtheepigeneticalphabetwithoutchangesinDNAsequences（依次），"hesays."Thisisespeciallyimportantwhenweconsidertherapidclimatechangeweobservetoday.Everylivingorganism，includingplants，needstoquicklyadapttosurvive."本文主要讲解并描述了植物如何快速适应气候变更带来的影响以及它们如何将这些适应传递给后代等相关信息。【词语积累】unfavorableadj.不利的，有害的setup创建，支配accordinglyadv.相应地，照着demonstratev.证明，说明；示范1.Whatadaptationhaveplantsmadetoshortenedcoldseasons？A.Theyhaveshortenedtheirfloweringtime.B.Theyhavegotmorechancestoreproduce.C.Theyhaveavoidedfloweringincoldseasons.D.Theyhaveadjustedtheirenvironmentalclock.解析D微小环节理解题。由其次段中的"Manyplantsrequire...theirfloweringtime""Ascoldseasons...delayflowering"可知，很多植物须要一段最短的寒冷时间来设置它们的环境时钟，以确定它们的开花时间。随着寒冷季节变短，植物作出相应的变更，它们须要更短的寒冷时间以延迟开花，故D项正确。2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesomaticmemory？A.Itisentirelybasedonneuralnetworks.B.Itcanhelptheplants’offspringtosurvive.C.Itcanhelprelieveenvironmentalstresses.D.Itdisturbstheplants’biochemicalnetworks.解析B推理推断题。由第三段中的"Itallowsplantsto...toreactaccordingly"和第四段中的"Thesesomaticmemories...viaepigenetics（表观遗传学）"可知，体细胞记忆能使植物识别从前发生的环境条件并作出相应的反应，还可以遗传给后代。故可推知体细胞记忆可帮助植物的后代存活，故B项正确。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"modulating"meaninparagraph4？A.Adjusting. B.Treasuring.C.Recording. D.Sharing.解析A词义揣测题。依据画线词所在句的语境可知，此处表示几个例子证明白分子机制的存在，这些机制调整植物对环境压力的记忆，并影响后代对这些压力的适应，故A项"调整"正确。4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext？A.PlantsaresmartaboutfloweringtimeB.PlantscanalsoadapttoclimatechangeC.EnvironmentalstresseschallengeplantsD.Mysteriesofplantgenesaretobeunfolded解析B标题归纳题。通读全文内容尤其是文章第一段可知，越来越多的证据表明植物也可以很快适应不利的环境条件。文章主要讲解并描述了植物如何快速适应气候变更带来的影响以及它们如何将这些适应传递给后代，故B项"植物也能适应气候变更"最适合作为本文的标题。二、完形填空[2024安徽池州统考]Ienjoyworkinginthewild.Asanature1，Ihavetobravetheelements—whetherit’ssunny，windyorrainy.Butthebestthingaboutthisjobisthatyoucan2animalsintheirnaturalenvironment.MyfavouriteplacetotakephotosistheFinnishNationalPark.Itisfamousforthe3ofitswildlife，butprobablybestknownforitsbears.Thesehugeanimalscanlivefor30years.4aweightofupto300kilograms，theycanstillrunataspeedofaround64kilometersperhour.LastspringinFinland，Ifollowedapathleadingtoadarkforest.AsIfinallysteppedoutofthetrees，theviewwas5.Aneagleflewoverthesnow-cappedmountains，whichwere6inthepeacefullakebelow.IwasphotographingtheamazingscenewhenIsuddenlyhada7thatIwasbeingwatched.Slowly，andwiththecamerastillheldtomyeye，Iturned...and8.Onlymetersawayfrommewasabear.Withwater9itsthick，brownhair，thebearstaredbackatme.Timestood10asthebearandIbothwaitedtoseewhowouldmovefirst.Mylegsstartedshaking.11，Iforcedmyfingertopressthebutton.Asecondlater，thebearturnedandranbackintotheforest.When12fromtheshock，Ilookedatmycamera.Mymostfrighteningbutmagicalexperiencewasnow13foreverinasingleimage.FromtimetotimeIlookatthephotoasaconstant14toshowrespectforallanimals.Itisafterallwewhoarethe15totheirworld.本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了作者是一名自然摄影师，一次偶然遇到熊的惊险阅历让作者对大自然的动物充溢了敬意。1.A.journalist B.designerC.volunteer D.photographer解析D由"MyfavouriteplacetotakephotosistheFinnishNationalPark"及下文可知，作者是一名自然摄影师，故选D。journalist记者，designer设计者，volunteer志愿者，photographer摄影师。句意：作为一名自然摄影师，无论是晴天、刮风还是雨天，我都必需英勇地面对大自然。2.A.paint B.train C.observe D.preserve解析C由"Asanature1，Ihavetobravetheelements—whetherit’ssunny，windyorrainy"可知，作者享受在野外工作是因为能拍摄到大自然中的动物，因此这也给作者视察动物的机会，故选C。observe视察。句意：但这份工作最大的好处是你可以在其自然环境中视察动物。3.A.variety B.origin C.safety D.cover解析A由"butprobablybestknownforitsbears"可知，芬兰国家公园以其野生生物的多样性而著名，故选A。variety多样化，origin起源，safety平安，cover封面。4.A.Within B.Despite C.Beyond D.Through解析B由"theycanstillrunataspeedofaround64kilometersperhour"可知，尽管这些熊很重，但是奔跑速度很快，故选B。within在……里面，despite尽管，beyond超出，through通过。句意：尽管体重高达300公斤，它们仍能以约每小时64公里的速度奔跑。5.A.disappointing B.breathtakingC.speechless D.worthless解析B由"Aneagleflewoverthesnow-cappedmountains，whichwere6inthepeacefullakebelow"可知，眼前的景色让作者叹为观止，故选B。disappointing令人悲观的，breathtaking令人赞美的，speechless说不出话的，worthless无价值的。6.A.hidden B.reflected C.buried D.towered解析B依据语境可知，作者被雄鹰飞过白雪皑皑的群山且映照在湖面的景象给迷住了，故选B。hide隐藏，reflect照出（影像），bury安葬，tower高耸。7.A.saying B.dream C.feeling D.goal解析C由"thatIwasbeingwatched"及下文可知，一只熊在不远处看着作者，因此作者觉得自己被什么东西凝视着，故选C。句意：当我正在拍摄这个惊人的场景时，我突然有一种被凝视的感觉。8.A.shouted B.fainted C.left D.froze解析D由"Timestood10asthebearandIbothwaitedtoseewhowouldmovefirst"可知，作者看到熊后呆住了，故选D。shout大喊，faint昏厥，leave离开，freeze惊呆。句意：我渐渐地转过身，相机照旧举在我的眼前……然后呆住了。9.A.fallingoff B.givingoutC.takingin D.pickingup解析A由"Withwater...brownhair"可知，水从熊浓密的棕色毛发上落下，故选A。falloff从……落下，giveout分发，takein吸入，pickup捡起。10.A.still B.clear C.short D.vivid解析A由"asthebearandIbothwaitedtoseewhowouldmovefirst"可知，作者很胆怯 ，不敢动，仿佛时间停止一般，故选A。still静止的，clear清楚的，short短的，vivid生动的。句意：时间静止了，我和熊都在等着看谁先动起来。11.A.Besides B.SomehowC.Otherwise D.Therefore解析B由"Iforcedmyfingertopressthebutton"可知，不知怎么地，作者强迫自己按下相机按钮，故选B。besides此外，somehow不知怎么地，otherwise否则，therefore因此。句意：不知怎么地，我强迫我的手指按下按钮。12.A.returning B.escapingC.recovering D.expecting解析Creturn返回，escape逃离，recover复原，expect期望。由"Mylegsstartedshaking"可知，作者从震惊中复原过来。故选C。句意：当我从震惊中复原过来时，我看着我的相机。13.A.applied B.exposedC.noticed D.recorded解析D由"Iforcedmyfingertopressthebutton"可知，作者按下了相机按钮，这个奇异的阅历被恒久记录下来，故选D。apply申请，expose揭露，notice留意到，record记录。14.A.prize B.reminder C.tool D.excuse解析B由"toshowrespectforallanimals"可知，这张照片提示作者要敬重全部动物，故选B。prize嘉奖，reminder提示人的事物，tool工具，excuse借口。句意：我时常地看着这张照片，提示自己要敬重全部动物。15.A.masters B.servantsC.visitors D.followers解析C由"totheirworld"并结合常识可知，对动物来说，人类是它们的过客，故选C。master主子，servant仆人，visitor游客，follower追随者。三、语法填空[生态环保/]ZebHogan，aresearchbiologist，hasbeendocumentinglargefreshwaterfishesforalmosttwodecades.Hissearchforbigfish，described1theMegafishesProject，beganin2005afterlearningfishermeninnorthernThailandpulledabigcatfishoutoftheMekongRiver.2（weigh）646pounds，itinterestedHogan.However，hecouldn’tfindanyscientificallydocumentedfreshwaterfishlargerthantheonethathadbeenthe3（inspire）forhissearchuntil2024，whenhisresearchteamgotacallfromMoulThun.4fishermansaidhe’daccidentallycaughtafreshwaterstingray"muchbigger"thanany5（find）previously.Afterarrivingthere，theteamdeterminedthatThun’sfishwasthesamerayspeciesknowntooccurintheMekongRiver.Butthey6（shock）toseeherweight：At661pounds，shesetanewworldrecord.HogansaidtheoriginalaimoftheMegafishesProjectwastofind，study，andprotectthe7（large）freshwaterfishintheworld.Thechallenge，ashesoonlearned，wasthatmanyofthesefisharehardtofind—theyliveinremote，8（accessible）placesandare