中考英语语法冲刺

专题七：宾语从句考点集汇，讲解和训练

一.宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，

或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语

和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：

Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.

Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.

Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.

2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,

why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当

某个成分。例如：

Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?

Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.

CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?

Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.

3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

例如：

Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.

Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.

二.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：

Ihear(that)physicsisn'teasy.

Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?

Pleasetellmewhenwe'llhavethemeeting.

三.宾语从句的时态

1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。例

如：

Idon'tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswhereheis.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?

2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般

过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)。例如：

Heaskedwhattimeitwas.

Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.

HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.

HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.

3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.

【演练】

1.Doyouknowduringthecomingsuminerholiday?

A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdo

C.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid

2.1wanttoknow.

A.whatishisnameB.what'shisname

C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis

3.DoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?

A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which

4.Jimdoesn'tunderstand・

A.whichisthewaytothemuseum

B.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping

C.whatisthewaytothemuseum

D.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping

5.™Couldyoutellmesheislookingfor?

A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which

6.Mr.Kingdidn'tknowyesterdayevening.

A.whendoeshissoncomehome

B.whenhissoncomeshome

C.whendidhissoncomehome

D.whenhissoncamehome

7.Couldyoutellmethebikethismorning?

A.howdoeshemendB.howhemends

C.howhemendedD.howdidhemend

8.—Fmwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?

—Usuallyitcomesby4:00.

A.howB.whereC.whenD.what

9.™Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?

--Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It'snexttoahospital.

A.howwecangettothepostoffice

B.howcanwegettothepostoffice

C.howgettothepostoffice

D.howcouldwegettothepostoffice

10.—CanIhelpyou?

…Yes.TdlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellmetake

there?

A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwill

C.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit

11.Hewantedtoknow.

A.whetherhespeaksatthemeeting

B.whenthemeetingwouldstart

C.whathe'sgoingtodoatthemeeting

D.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld

12.…CouldyoutellmetheBambooGarden?

・一Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.

A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisit

C.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit

13.Wouldyoupleasetellmenext,MrWang?

A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhat

C.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat

14.Youcan'timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmas

presents.

A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere

C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited

15.1wanttoknowyouwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.

A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether

16.…Couldyoutellme?

-Sorry,Idon'tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.

A.whatdoeshesayatthemeeting

B.whatdidhesayatthemeeting

C.whathesaysatthemeeting

D.whathesaidatthemeeting

17.—Couldyoutellmelastnight?

-Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.

A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoing

C.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing

18.Theteacheraskedthestudents.

A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs

B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn

C.whattheywilldowiththecomputers

D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted

19.Everymorningthepatientsareaskediftheirtemperaturetaken.

A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhad

C.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad

20.It'suptoyoutodecideyou'llgothere,byairorbyroad.

A.howB.whyC.thatD.when

专题八：状语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练

【名师点睛】

用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状

语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，

结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。

1.时间状语从句

(1)时间状语从句常用when,as9while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas

等连词来引导。例如:

Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.

Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.

Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.

HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.

Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.

(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状

态。例如：

UliringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.

Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.

Hewon'tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.

(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定

式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用

否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”，"在……以前不……”，谓语动词可用

瞬间动词。例如：

Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.

Let'swaituntiltherainstops.

Wewon'tstartuntilBobcomes.

Don'tgetoffuntilthebusstops.

2.条件状语从句

(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如：

Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?

Don9tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.

(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例

如：

VIIhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.

Hewon'tbelateunlessheisill.

(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的

复合句。例如：

Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.

=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.

Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.

=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

3.原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如：

Hedidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.

Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.

Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,Filasksomeoneelse.

(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在

主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用becauseoAs和since语气较

弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在

句首。例如：

-----Whyaren'tgoingthere?

.......BecauseIdon'twantto.

Ashehasnocar,hecan'tgetthereeasily.

Sincewehavenomoney,wecan'tbuyit.

(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。

4.结果状语从句

(1)结果状语从句由so...that,such...that,sothat引导。例如：

Heissopoorthathecan'tbuyabikeforhisson.

Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.

Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn'tseeit.

(2)so...that语such...that可以互换。例如：

在由so.・・that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其

结构是：“…so+形容词(副词)+that+从句例如：

Hewassogladthathecouldn'tsayaword.

Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.

Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.

在由such...that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的

可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容

词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如:

Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.

Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.

Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-terin.

有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：

Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.

=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.

（3）如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用sucho

例如：

Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.

Hehassolittletimethathecan'tgotothecinemawithyou.

5.比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如：

TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.

Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.

6.目的状语从句

⑴目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如：

Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.

Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.

Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.

（2）sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从

句的办法有两个：1）目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,

might等。2）从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：

Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.（目的状语从句）

Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.（结果状语从句）

7.让步状语从句

⑴让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如:

Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.

AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.

(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：

我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.

应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout•或Itwasraining

hard,buthestillwentout.

8.地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：

Gowhereyoulike.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

【演练】

单项填空

1.he'sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.

A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So

2.—Doyouknowifhetoplaybasketballwithus?

•一Ithinkhewillcomeifhefreetomorrow.

A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe

3.Inthezooifachildintothewaterandcan'tswim,thedolphinsmay

comeuphim.

A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelp

C.willfall;helpD.falls;helping

4.1don'trememberheworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.

A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who

5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunttovisitustomorrow.

A.coniesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming

6.Thepoliceaskedthechildrencrossthestreetthetraffic

lightsturnedgreen.

A.not;beforeB.don't;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after

7.1waslateforclassyesterdaytherewassomethingwrongwithmy

bike.

A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because

8.I'llgoswimmingwithyouifIfreetomorrow.

A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was

9.Intheexam,theyouare,themistakesyouwill

make.

A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewest

C.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less

10.Youshouldfinishyourlessonsyougoouttopaly.

A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while

11.1hurriedIwouldn'tbelateforclass.

A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless

12.Whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkyouhaveany

questions.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though

13.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceallthestudentscouldhearhim.

A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder

14.Hetookoffhiscoathefelthot.

A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since

15.Itisthatwe'dliketogooutforawalk.

A.alovelydayB.toolovelyaday

C.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday

16.Maryhadmuchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.

A.suchB.soC.tooD.very

17.Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.

A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif

18.thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.

A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As

19.wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.

A.SolongasB.Inorderthat

C.NomatterhowD.Themoment

20.WritetomeassoonasyoutoBeijing.

A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got

练习:

Differentthingsusuallystandfordifferentfeelings.Red,forexample,isthe

coloroffire,heat,bloodandlife.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.

Theyassociate（使发生联系）redwithastrongfeelinglike1.Redisusedforsigns

of2,suchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.Orangeisthebright,warmcolorof3

inautumn.Peoplesayorangeisa4color.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.

Yellowisthecolorof_5_.Peoplesayitisacheerfulcolor.Theyassociate

yellowtoo,withhappiness.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassin_6_,Peoplesayit

isarefreshingcolor.Ingeneral,people_7_twogroupsofcolors:warmcolors

andcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsarered,orangeand_8_・Wherethereare

warmcolorandalotoflight,peopleusuallywanttobe_9_・Thosewholiketo

bewith_10_likered.Thecoolcolorsare_11_andblue.Wherearethese

colors,peopleareusuallyworried.Somescientistssaythattimeseemsto_12_

moreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolors.Theysuggestthatawarmcolorisa

good_13_foralivingroomora_14_.Peoplewhoarehavingarestorare

eatingdonotwanttimetopassquickly.—15colorsarebetterforsomeofficesif

thepeopleworkingtherewanttimetopassquickly.

1.A.sadnessB.angerC.AdministrationD.smile

2.A.roadsB.WaysC.dangerD.places

3.A.landB.leavesC.grassD.mountains

4.A.livelyB.darkC.noisyD.frightening

5.A.MoonlightB.lightC.sunlightD.stars

6.A.summerB・springC.autumnD.winter

7.A.speakB.sayC.talkabout