波形发生器课设报告

西北工业大学课程设计报告题目:波形发生器学院自动化学院专业自动化班级09031201日期2015年1月15日摘要1题目本次实验主要是以FPGA作为根底，制作一个简易波形发生器，不仅可以显示学号，同时可以通过按键输入产生波形，并且可以根据需要按键修改波形以及频率。2要求〔1〕采用数码管显示。〔2〕循环显示两个人的学号后四位。〔1〕根据标准键盘输入不同，分别输出正弦波、方波、三角波〔频率=1KHz〕。〔2〕根据标准键盘改变频率〔频率变化范围：1KHz-10KHz，每次频率变化1KHz〕。〔3〕输出频率在数码管上显示〔用模块PCF8591进行D/A转化〕。3设计平台与根底3.1设计平台与仿真工具QuartusII是一种强有力的提供了EDA工具，是美国altera公司推出的，它完全集成且与电路结构无关的开发包环境，具有数字逻辑设计的全部特性，包括：可利用原理图、结构框图、VerilogHDL、AHDL和VHDL完成电路描述，并将其保存为设计实体文件；芯片〔电路〕平面布局连线编辑；LogicLock增量设计方法，可建立并优化系统，然后添加对原始系统的性能影响较小或无影响的后续模块；功能强大的逻辑综合工具；完备的电路功能仿真与时序逻辑仿真工具；定时/时序分析与关键路径延时分析；可使用SignalTapII逻辑分析工具进行嵌入式的逻辑分析；支持软件源文件的添加和创立，并将它们链接起来生成编程文件；使用组合编译方式可一次完成整体设计流程；自动定位编译错误；高效的期间编程与验证工具；可读入标准的EDIF网表文件、VHDL网表文件和Verilog网表文件；能生成第三方SOPC软件使用的VHDL网表文件和Verilog网表文件。测试采用了QuartusII的内嵌式逻辑分析仪内嵌式逻辑分析仪三项主要优点：1.它们的使用不增加引脚。可通过FPGA上已有的专门JTAG引脚访问，即使没有其它可用引脚，这种调试方法也能得到内部可视能力。2.简单的探测。探测包括把结点路由到内部逻辑分析仪的输入，不需要担忧为得到有效信息，应如何连接到电路板上，也不存在信号完整性问题。3.内核是廉价的。FPGA厂商把他们的业务模型建立于用芯片所获取价值的根底上，所以所用的调试IP通常能以低于$1，000美元的价格获得。3.2.1FPGA器件的选择由于Altera大学方案较为普及，设计并平台搭建方便，故采用AlteraFPGA。Altera的主流FPGA分为两大类，一种侧重低本钱应用，容量中等，性能可以满足一般的逻辑设计要求，如Cyclone，CycloneII；还有一种侧重于高性能应用，容量大，性能满足各类高端应用，如Startix，StratixII等，用户可以根据自己实际应用要求进行选择。在性能可以满足的情况下，优先选择低本钱器件。Cyclone〔飓风〕：Altera中等规模FPGA，2003年推出，0.13um工艺，1.5v内核供电，与Stratix结构类似，是一种低本钱FPGA系列，是目前主流产品，其配置芯片也改用全新的产品。CycloneII：2005年开始推出，90nm工艺，1.2v内核供电，属于低本钱FPGA，性能和Cyclone相当，提供了硬件乘法器单元。CycloneIII：CycloneIIIFPGA提供丰富的逻辑存储器和DSP功能功耗更低。Cyclone即可以满足本次课题的设计需求，所以本课题选用CycloneIII。3.2.2D/A芯片选型PCF8591是一个单片集成、单独供电、低功耗、8-bitCMOS数据获取器件。PCF8591具有4个模拟输入、1个模拟输出和1个串行I²C总线接口。PCF8591的3个地址引脚A0,A1和A2可用于硬件地址编程，允许在同个I2C总线上接入8个PCF8591器件，而无需额外的硬件。在PCF8591器件上输入输出的地址、控制和数据信号都是通过双线双向I2C总线以串行的方式进行传输。功能：【1】PCF8591的功能包括多路模拟输入、内置跟踪保持、8-bit模数转换和8-bit数模转换。【2】PCF8591的最大转化速率由I2C总线的最大速率决定。特性：【1】单独供电【3】低待机电流【4】通过I2C总线串行输入/输出【5】PCF8591通过3个硬件地址引脚寻址【6】PCF8591的采样率由I2C总线速率决定【7】4个模拟输入可编程为单端型或差分输入【8】自动增量频道选择【9】PCF8591的模拟电压范围从VSS到VDD【10】PCF8591内置跟踪保持电路【11】8-bit逐次逼近A/D转换器【12】通过1路模拟输出实现DAC增益4方案设计4.1系统介绍利用FPGA技术的强大功能，实现A/D转换，信号采集并显示采集信号的幅度、频率。并利用D/A转换产生幅度、频率可调的方波、正弦波、三角波。工作原理系统框图:信号产生局部：信号发生器采用D/A设计方案。首先在FPGA中设计预先定制好的波形发生ROM表，然后键盘控制FPGA读取ROM表中写好的数据，送至D/A转换芯片后输出波形。同时，由键盘输入控制，转换读取数据的ROM表格，来转换输出波形的种类；改变FPGA读取ROM表的读数间隔来改变输出信号的频率。信号测量局部：将被测信号经过放大器放大到可以被比拟器识别的幅度值，经过比拟器过零比拟，产生同频率的方波信号，可以被FPGA直接识别，进行计数，经过FPGA内部数据处理，计算出被测信号的频率值，再由液晶显示。4.3.1输入设计输入设计采用PS2键盘输入，即通过按键选择输出波形是正弦波、三角波还是方波，同时也通过键盘输入来改变波形的频率。4.3.2波形发生模块由于波形发生控制器和波形数据ROM都是利用硬件描述语言编程实现的，所以统称为波形发生模块。波形发生控制器的作用是利用FPGA选择产生正弦波或者三角波，然后再发出地址信号，取ROM中存好的正弦波或三角波的采样数据。波形发生模块包括波形切换和频率设置两个进程。切换进程的作用是完成通过按键来选择输出三角波或者三角波。频率设置进程主要是对输出的频率进行设置，只要适宜的改变采样点的时间间隔就可完成频率设置。ROM数据存储模块主要是用来存储正弦波或者三角波的数据。当接收来自FPGA的地址信号后，将从数据线输出相应的波形数据，这样便得到数字化的波形。4.3.3D/A转换D/A选用PCF8591作为主要波形发生芯片。引脚图如图1所示，结构图如图2示。各引脚说明如下：D/A与FPGA扩展接口相连接，搭成硬件连接系统，在此根底之上，设计软件代码，用FPGA控制D/A的工作，和两者之间互相配合。如下图。系统原理图(1)用示波器观察产生波形；(2)在液晶屏上读取信号频率值；FPGA控制AD控制状态机P1:process(present_state，next_state，AD_INT)begincasepresent_stateiswhenAD_IDLE=> AD_CS<='0'; AD_WR<='1'; AD_RD<='0'; next_state<=AD_STATE_1; whenAD_STATE_1=> AD_WR<='0'; AD_CS<='0'; AD_RD<='0'; next_state<=AD_STATE_2; whenAD_STATE_2=> AD_WR<='1'; AD_CS<='0'; AD_RD<='0'; ifAD_INT='1'THEN next_state<=AD_WAIT; ELSE next_state<=AD_STATE_1; ENDIF;whenAD_WAIT=> AD_CS<='0'; AD_WR<='0'; AD_RD<='0';next_state<=AD_READ;whenAD_READ=> AD_CS<='0'; AD_WR<='1'; AD_RD<='0';next_state<=AD_STOP; whenAD_STOP=> next_state<=AD_IDLE;endcase;endprocessP1;FPGA控制D/A控制状态机p2:process(clk1，da_state)beginifrising_edge(clk1)thencaseda_stateiswhenaidle=>da_cs<='1';da_wr<='1';da_state<=astart;whenastart=>da_cs<='0';da_wr<='1';da_state<=awrite;whenawrite=>da_cs<='0';da_wr<='0';da_state<=ahold;whenahold=>da_out<=dadatain;da_state<=astop;whenastop=>da_state<=aidle;whenothers=>null;endcase;endif;endprocessp2;FPGA控制频率采集程序p3:process(clkin，temp1，temp2，temp3，temp4，temp5，temp6)beginifclr='0'thentemp1<="0000";temp2<="0000";temp3<="0000";temp4<="0000";temp5<="0000";temp6<="0000";temp7<="0000";temp8<="0000";elsifrising_edge(clkin)thenifsysclk='1'theniftemp1="1001"thentemp1<="0000";iftemp2="1001"thentemp2<="0000";iftemp3="1001"thentemp3<="0000";iftemp4="1001"thentemp4<="0000";iftemp5="1001"thentemp5<="0000";iftemp6="1001"thentemp6<="0000";iftemp7="1001"thentemp7<="0000";iftemp8="1001"thentemp8<="0000";elsetemp8<=temp8+1;endif;elsetemp7<=temp7+1;endif;elsetemp6<=temp6+1;endif;elsetemp5<=temp5+1;endif;elsetemp4<=temp4+1;endif;elsetemp3<=temp3+1;endif;elsetemp2<=temp2+1;endif;elsetemp1<=temp1+1;endif;elseiftemp1/="0000"ortemp2/="0000"ortemp3/="0000"ortemp4/="0000"ortemp5/="0000"ortemp6/="0000"ortemp7/="0000"ortemp8/="0000"thendat1<=temp1;dat2<=temp2;dat3<=temp3;dat4<=temp4;dat5<=temp5;dat6<=temp6;dat7<=temp7;dat8<=temp8;temp1<="0000";temp2<="0000";temp3<="0000";temp4<="0000";temp5<="0000";temp6<="0000";temp7<="0000";temp8<="0000";endif;endif;endif;endprocessp3;建立ROM表:always@(posedgesin_clk)begin//sincase(count_4) 8'd001:data_sin<=8'd128; 8'd002:data_sin<=8'd134; 8'd003:data_sin<=8'd140; 8'd004:data_sin<=8'd146; 8'd005:data_sin<=8'd152; 8'd006:data_sin<=8'd158; 8'd007:data_sin<= 8'd165; 8'd008:data_sin<= 8'd170; 8'd009:data_sin<= 8'd176; 8'd010:data_sin<= 8'd182; 8'd011:data_sin<= 8'd188; 8'd012:data_sin<= 8'd193; 8'd013:data_sin<= 8'd198; 8'd014:data_sin<= 8'd203; 8'd015:data_sin<= 8'd208; 8'd016:data_sin<= 8'd213; 8'd017:data_sin<= 8'd218; 8'd018:data_sin<= 8'd222; 8'd019:data_sin<= 8'd226; 8'd020:data_sin<= 8'd230; 8'd021:data_sin<= 8'd234; 8'd022:data_sin<= 8'd237; 8'd023:data_sin<= 8'd240; 8'd024:data_sin<= 8'd243; 8'd025:data_sin<= 8'd245; 8'd026:data_sin<= 8'd248; 8'd027:data_sin<= 8'd250; 8'd028:data_sin<= 8'd251; 8'd029:data_sin<= 8'd253; 8'd030:data_sin<= 8'd254; 8'd031:data_sin<= 8'd254; 8'd032:data_sin<= 8'd255; 8'd033:data_sin<= 8'd255; 8'd034:data_sin<= 8'd255; 8'd035:data_sin<= 8'd254; 8'd036:data_sin<= 8'd254; 8'd037:data_sin<= 8'd253; 8'd038:data_sin<= 8'd251; 8'd039:data_sin<= 8'd250; 8'd040:data_sin<= 8'd248; 8'd041:data_sin<= 8'd245; 8'd042:data_sin<= 8'd243; 8'd043:data_sin<= 8'd240; 8'd044:data_sin<= 8'd237; 8'd045:data_sin<= 8'd234; 8'd046:data_sin<= 8'd230; 8'd047:data_sin<= 8'd226; 8'd048:data_sin<= 8'd222; 8'd049:data_sin<= 8'd218; 8'd050:data_sin<= 8'd213; 8'd051:data_sin<= 8'd208; 8'd052:data_sin<= 8'd203; 8'd053:data_sin<= 8'd198; 8'd054:data_sin<= 8'd193; 8'd055:data_sin<= 8'd188; 8'd056:data_sin<= 8'd182; 8'd057:data_sin<= 8'd176; 8'd058:data_sin<= 8'd170; 8'd059:data_sin<= 8'd165; 8'd060:data_sin<= 8'd158; 8'd061:data_sin<= 8'd152; 8'd062:data_sin<= 8'd146; 8'd063:data_sin<= 8'd140; 8'd064:data_sin<= 8'd134; 8'd065:data_sin<= 8'd128; 8'd066:data_sin<= 8'd121; 8'd067:data_sin<= 8'd115; 8'd068:data_sin<= 8'd109; 8'd069:data_sin<= 8'd103; 8'd070:data_sin<= 8'd97; 8'd071:data_sin<= 8'd90; 8'd072:data_sin<= 8'd85; 8'd073:data_sin<= 8'd79; 8'd074:data_sin<= 8'd73; 8'd075:data_sin<= 8'd67; 8'd076:data_sin<= 8'd62; 8'd077:data_sin<= 8'd57; 8'd078:data_sin<= 8'd52; 8'd079:data_sin<= 8'd47; 8'd080:data_sin<= 8'd42; 8'd081:data_sin<= 8'd37; 8'd082:data_sin<= 8'd33; 8'd083:data_sin<= 8'd29; 8'd084:data_sin<= 8'd25; 8'd085:data_sin<= 8'd21; 8'd086:data_sin<= 8'd18; 8'd087:data_sin<= 8'd15; 8'd088:data_sin<= 8'd12; 8'd089:data_sin<= 8'd10; 8'd090:data_sin<= 8'd7; 8'd091:data_sin<= 8'd5; 8'd092:data_sin<= 8'd4; 8'd093:data_sin<= 8'd2; 8'd094:data_sin<= 8'd1; 8'd095:data_sin<= 8'd1; 8'd096:data_sin<= 8'd0; 8'd097:data_sin<= 8'd0; 8'd098:data_sin<= 8'd0; 8'd099:data_sin<= 8'd1; 8'd100:data_sin<= 8'd1; 8'd101:data_sin<= 8'd2; 8'd102:data_sin<= 8'd4; 8'd103:data_sin<= 8'd5; 8'd104:data_sin<= 8'd7; 8'd105:data_sin<= 8'd10; 8'd106:data_sin<= 8'd12; 8'd107:data_sin<= 8'd15; 8'd108:data_sin<= 8'd18; 8'd109:data_sin<= 8'd21; 8'd110:data_sin<= 8'd25; 8'd111:data_sin<= 8'd29; 8'd112:data_sin<= 8'd33; 8'd113:data_sin<= 8'd37; 8'd114:data_sin<= 8'd42; 8'd115:data_sin<= 8'd47; 8'd116:data_sin<= 8'd52; 8'd117:data_sin<= 8'd57; 8'd118:data_sin<= 8'd62; 8'd119:data_sin<= 8'd67; 8'd120:data_sin<= 8'd73; 8'd121:data_sin<= 8'd79; 8'd122:data_sin<= 8'd85; 8'd123:data_sin<= 8'd90; 8'd124:data_sin<= 8'd97; 8'd125:data_sin<= 8'd103; 8'd126:data_sin<= 8'd109; 8'd127:data_sin<= 8'd115; 8'd128:begin data_sin<= 8'd121; count_4<=25'd0; end endcaseendalways@(posedgediv_clk)begin//iicforsjbnumb<=numb+8'b0000001;case(numb)8'h01:scl<=1;//s8'h02:sda<=0;8'h03:scl<=0;//address8'h04:sda<=1;8'h05:scl<=1;8'h06:scl<=0;8'h07:sda<=0;8'h08:scl<=1;8'h09:scl<=0;8'h0a:sda<=0;8'h0b:scl<=1;8'h0c:scl<=0;8'h0d:sda<=1;8'h0e:scl<=1;8'h0f:scl<=0;8'h10:sda<=0;8'h11:scl<=1;8'h12:scl<=0;8'h13:sda<=0;8'h14:scl<=1;8'h15:scl<=0;8'h16:scl<=1;8'h17:scl<=0;8'h18:scl<=1;8'h19:scl<=0;8'h1a:scl<=1;//ack8'h1b:scl<=0;8'h1c:sda<=1;//48'h1d:scl<=1;8'h1e:scl<=0;8'h1f:sda<=1;8'h20:scl<=1;8'h21:scl<=0;8'h22:sda<=0;8'h23:scl<=1;8'h24:scl<=0;8'h25:scl<=1;8'h26:scl<=0;8'h27:scl<=1;8'h28:scl<=0;8'h29:scl<=1;8'h2a:scl<=0;8'h2b:scl<=1;8'h2c:scl<=0;8'h2d:scl<=1;8'h2e:scl<=0;8'h2f:scl<=1;8'h30:scl<=0;//ack8'h31:sda<=data[7];8'h32:scl<=1;8'h33:scl<=0;8'h34:sda<=data[6];8'h35:scl<=1;8'h36:scl<=0;8'h37:sda<=data[5];8'h38:scl<=1;8'h39:scl<=0;8'h3a:sda<=data[4];8'h3b:scl<=1;8'h3c:scl<=0;8'h3d:sda<=data[3];8'h3e:scl<=1;8'h3f:scl<=0;8'h40:sda<=data[2];8'h41:scl<=1;8'h42:scl<=0;8'h43:sda<=data[1];8'h44:scl<=1;8'h45:scl<=0;8'h46:sda<=data[0];8'h47:scl<=1;8'h48:scl<=0;8'h49:sda<=0;//ack8'h4a:scl<=1;8'h4b:scl<=0;8'h4c:scl<=1;//stop8'h4d:sda<=1;endcaseendalways@(posedgeplxs_clk)begin//sjbxianshicase(count_jc)16'd50000:scpl<=8'b11111001;16'd25000:scpl<=8'b10100100;16'd16666:scpl<=8'b10110000;16'd12500:scpl<=8'b10011001;16'd10000:scpl<=8'b10010010;16'd08333:scpl<=8'b10000010;16'd07142:scpl<=8'b11111000;16'd06250:scpl<=8'b10000000;16'd05555:scpl<=8'b10010000;16'd05000:scpl<=8'b10001000;endcaseendalways@(posedgediv_clk)begin//iicforfbnumb_fb<=numb_fb+8'b0000001;case(numb_fb)8'h01:scl1<=1;//s8'h02:sda1<=0;8'h03:scl1<=0;//address8'h04:sda1<=1;8'h05:scl1<=1;8'h06:scl1<=0;8'h07:sda1<=0;8'h08:scl1<=1;8'h09:scl1<=0;8'h0a:sda1<=0;8'h0b:scl1<=1;8'h0c:scl1<=0;8'h0d:sda1<=1;8'h0e:scl1<=1;8'h0f:scl1<=0;8'h10:sda1<=0;8'h11:scl1<=1;8'h12:scl1<=0;8'h13:sda1<=0;8'h14:scl1<=1;8'h15:scl1<=0;8'h16:scl1<=1;8'h17:scl1<=0;8'h18:scl1<=1;8'h19:scl1<=0;8'h1a:scl1<=1;//ack8'h1b:scl1<=0;8'h1c:sda1<=1;//48'h1d:scl1<=1;8'h1e:scl1<=0;8'h1f:sda1<=1;8'h20:scl1<=1;8'h21:scl1<=0;8'h22:sda1<=0;8'h23:scl1<=1;8'h24:scl1<=0;8'h25:scl1<=1;8'h26:scl1<=0;8'h27:scl1<=1;8'h28:scl1<=0;8'h29:scl1<=1;8'h2a:scl1<=0;8'h2b:scl1<=1;8'h2c:scl1<=0;8'h2d:scl1<=1;8'h2e:scl1<=0;8'h2f:scl1<=1;8'h30:scl1<=0;//ack8'h31:sda1<=data_fb[7];8'h32:scl1<=1;8'h33:scl1<=0;8'h34:sda1<=data_fb[6];8'h35:scl1<=1;8'h36:scl1<=0;8'h37:sda1<=data_fb[5];8'h38:scl1<=1;8'h39:scl1<=0;8'h3a:sda1<=data_fb[4];8'h3b:scl1<=1;8'h3c:scl1<=0;8'h3d:sda1<=data_fb[3];8'h3e:scl1<=1;8'h3f:scl1<=0;8'h40:sda1<=data_fb[2];8'h41:scl1<=1;8'h42:scl1<=0;8'h43:sda1<=data_fb[1];8'h44:scl1<=1;8'h45:scl1<=0;8'h46:sda1<=data_fb[0];8'h47:scl1<=1;8'h48:scl1<=0;8'h49:sda1<=0;//ack8'h4a:scl1<=1;8'h4b:scl1<=0;8'h4c:scl1<=1;//stop8'h4d:sda1<=1;endcaseendalways@(posedgeplxs_clk)begin//fbxianshicase(count_jcfb)16'd50000:scpl_fb<=8'b11111001;16'd25000:scpl_fb<=8'b10100100;16'd16666:scpl_fb<=8'b10110000;16'd12500:scpl_fb<=8'b10011001;16'd10000:scpl_fb<=8'b10010010;16'd08333:scpl_fb<=8'b10000010;16'd07142:scpl_fb<=8'b11111000;16'd06250:scpl_fb<=8'b10000000;16'd05555:scpl_fb<=8'b10010000;16'd05000:scpl_fb<=8'b10001000;endcaseendalways@(posedgediv_clk)begin//iicforsinnumb_sin<=numb_sin+8'b0000001;case(numb_sin)8'h01:scl2<=1;//s8'h02:sda2<=0;8'h03:scl2<=0;//address8'h04:sda2<=1;8'h05:scl2<=1;8'h06:scl2<=0;8'h07:sda2<=0;8'h08:scl2<=1;8'h09:scl2<=0;8'h0a:sda2<=0;8'h0b:scl2<=1;8'h0c:scl2<=0;8'h0d:sda2<=1;8'h0e:scl2<=1;8'h0f:scl2<=0;8'h10:sda2<=0;8'h11:scl2<=1;8'h12:scl2<=0;8'h13:sda2<=0;8'h14:scl2<=1;8'h15:scl2<=0;8'h16:scl2<=1;8'h17:scl2<=0;8'h18:scl2<=1;8'h19:scl2<=0;8'h1a:scl2<=1;//ack8'h1b:scl2<=0;8'h1c:sda2<=1;//48'h1d:scl2<=1;8'h1e:scl2<=0;8'h1f:sda2<=1;8'h20:scl2<=1;8'h21:scl2<=0;8'h22:sda2<=0;