2022年四川省成都市新都区高一下学期期末测试英语试题

新都区2022年（春季）高一年级期末测试题英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。第I卷（选择题）1至8页，第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）9-10页，全卷共10页；满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考籍号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。4、所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。5.考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）AStoriesBehindFamousCompanyNamesInventorCalebBradhamhadoriginallywantedtobeadoctorbutstartedworkinginapharmacywhenhereturnedhometoNorthCarolina.In1893,hemadeupwhathefirstcalled“Brad’sDrink,”amixofwater,sugar,caramel,lemonoil,nutmeg,andotherflavors.Fiveyearslater,herenameditPepsi-Cola.Heclaimedthedrinkcouldhelpwithdigestion(消化),ordyspepsia,thetermfromwhichBradhamadaptedthenamePepsi.ThisluxurycarmakercombinedelementsfromtheFordandOldsmobilecompanieswhenitwasstartedin1902andlaterbecameknownforitsinnovationandhighquality.ThecompanywasnamedaftertheFrenchexplorerAntoineLaumetdelaMotheCadillac,whofoundedthecityofDetroitin1701.Companyco-founderGordonBowkerhassaidthatwhilebrainstormingnames,someonebroughtoutamapthatfeaturedtheoldminingtownofStarbo.ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmateinHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.Notonlythecompanynamebutalsotheoriginofitslogohasarousedgreatcuriosity.TheinventorofRolex,HansWilsdorf,waslookingtomakeanelegant,yetprecise,wristwatch.Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,workedindifferentlanguages,andlookedgoodonthewatches.HesettledonRolexin1908.1.Whichcompanynamehasacloserelationshipwithliterature?A.Pepsi B.CadillacC.Starbucks D.Rolex2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue?A.CalebBradhamaimedtocuredyspepsiawithPepsi.B.HansWilsdorfintendedRolextobeuniversallyaccepted.C.Cadillacwasnamedafterthefoundingfatherofthecompany.D.Starbuckswasusedduetotheco-founder’sloveforhishometown.3.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.A.afamouscompanynameiseasytospellB.aspecialstorycanmakeacompanyfamousC.acompanynameusuallyhasaspecialmeaninginitD.acompanynameisrelatedtothefounder’sprofession【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【分析】这是说明文。文章主要介绍了4所著名公司名字背后的故事。【1题详解】细节理解题。由Starbucks介绍中的第二句“ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmateinHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.”可知，那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。由此可见Starbuck的名字和文学作品有关。结合选项可知，选项C正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。由Rolex介绍中的第二句“Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,workedindifferentlanguages,andlookedgoodonthewatches.”可知，他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，HansWilsdorf想要的名字应该是让人容易说，不同语言也可以表示它，这样人们才能广泛地接受。结合选项可知，选项B正确。【3题详解】推理判断题。由全文内容可知，Pepsi介绍中的最后一句“Heclaimedthedrinkcouldhelpwithdigestion(消化),ordyspepsia,thetermfromwhichBradhamadaptedthenamePepsi.”，表示的是他声称这款饮料能帮助消化或者消化不良，从这个术语Bradham改编了这个名字Pepsi。Cadillac介绍中的最后一句“ThecompanywasnamedaftertheFrenchexplorerAntoineLaumetdelaMotheCadillac,whofoundedthecityofDetroitin1701.”表示的是这个公司是以法国探险家AntonieLaumetDeLaMotheCadillac命名的，这位探险家在1701年发现了底特律市。Starbucks介绍中的第二句“ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmateinHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.”表示的是那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。Rolex介绍中的第二句“Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,workedindifferentlanguages,andlookedgoodonthewatches.”表示的是他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，四家公司的名字都有它的故事和意义，所以公司的名字通常有一个特殊的意义。结合选项可知，选项C正确。BInBritishBristol,70Englishwomenatonceenteredintolegal"marriage"withdozensoftreesinprotest(反对，抗议)againsttheirbeingcutdown.They"married"thetreesinanattempt(试图)topreventthemfrombeingclearedforconstruction(建造)ofresidentialbuildingsworth£55millionintheforest.TheBritishconstructioncompanyhasappliedfortheconstructionof166housesinBristol,includingluxury(奢华的)cottages.Atthesametime,thetownspeoplewereespeciallyangryatthefactthattheapplicationdidnotshowtheexactnumberoftreesthatareplannedtobecutdown.So,inordertoattracttheattentionofthegovernment,theactivistsorganizedanunusualweddingceremonytosavetheforest.TheeventtookplaceataparkonSpikeIsland.Thewomenwhowentthere,dressedinweddingdresses,heldphotographsofthe"suitors"intheirhands.Thecelebrationitselftookplaceaccordingtotheclassicstoryline—withgroomsmenandweddingvows(誓词).TheorganizerwasJohnTarleton,aprofessorattheBristolVeterinarySchool,Accordingtohim,thisactionwassupposedtosuggestthatteesarepartnersofpeoplethroughouttheirlife.TheideatoholdsuchaceremonycamefromSiobhanKierans,whoadmittedthatshecameupwithitbythestoryofwomenfromtheenvironmentalmovementChipko,whochained(链在一起)themselvestotreesinthe1970stosavethemfromdestructionbyloggingcompanies.TheprotesterssaidthatBristolneedstreesmorethanluxuryprivatehousing.Oneofthe"brides",SuzanHackett,said,"Togetmarriedtoatreeisarealhonor.It'snotashow.It'shighlysignificant(important)andsymbolic."4.Whydidthewomenmarrytrees?A.Toprotectthetreesfromgoingextinct(dyingout).B.Toappealto(呼吁)peopletoplantmoretrees.C.Todrawthegovernment'sattentiontosavetheforest.D.Toblamethecompanyfordamagingtrees.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"suitors"inParagraph2referto?A.Thementomarry. B.Thecompaniestobuildhouses.C.Thebuildingstobepulleddown. D.Thetreestobesaved.6.WhatinspiredSiobhanKieranstocreatesuchanevent?A.Aprevious(以前的)environmentalcampaign.B.Cruelbehaviorofloggingcompanies.C.Movementsofwomenfightingforrights.D.Womenchainedtotreesfortheirfaults.7.WhatdoesSuzanHackettthinkoftheevent?A.Interesting. B.Meaningful.C.Pioneering. D.Emotional.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。在英国布里斯托尔，70名英国妇女与数十棵树结成合法的“婚姻”，以抗议树木被砍伐。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“So,inordertoattracttheattentionofthegovernment,theactivistsorganizedanunusualweddingceremonytosavetheforest.（因此，为了吸引政府的注意，活动家们组织了一个不寻常的婚礼来拯救森林。）”可知，妇女要嫁给树的原因是提醒当局注意拯救森林。故选C。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“InBritishBristol,70Englishwomenatonceenteredintolegal"marriage"withdozensoftreesinprotestagainsttheirbeingcutdown.（在英国布里斯托尔，70名英国妇女立即与数十棵树结成合法的“婚姻”，以抗议树木被砍伐。）”中女性与树结婚以及划线词前文“Thewomenwhowentthere,dressedinweddingdresses,heldphotographsof（那些穿着结婚礼服的女人们手里拿着照片…）”可知，婚礼现场新娘拿着的应该是“新郎”，即树，的照片。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“TheideatoholdsuchaceremonycamefromSiobhanKierans,whoadmittedthatshecameupwithitbythestoryofwomenfromtheenvironmentalmovementChipko,whochainedthemselvestotreesinthe1970stosavethemfromdestructionbyloggingcompanies.（举行这样一个仪式的想法来自SiobhanKierans，她承认她是通过环保运动Chipko的妇女们的故事想出来的，她们在20世纪70年代把自己锁在树上，以免被伐木公司毁坏。）”可知，正是之前的一个环保运动启发SiobhanKierans创造了这样一个活动。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Oneofthe"brides",SuzanHackett,said,"Togetmarriedtoatreeisarealhonor.It'snotashow.It'shighlysignificantandsymbolic."（其中一位“新娘”SuzanHackett说：“和一棵树结婚是一种真正的荣耀。这不是演出。这是非常重要和具有象征意义的。”）”中的significantandsymbolic可知，Suzan认为这项活动很有意义。故选B。CWhetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotcompanyJibo.Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.FellowRobotsisonecompanybringingsocialrobotstothemarket.Thecompany’s“Oshbot”robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct’slocationinthestore.Itcanalsospeakdifferentlanguagesandmakerecommendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthecustomerisshoppingfor.Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,”saidBreazeal.8.Howaresocialrobotsdifferentfromhouseholdrobots?A.Theycancontroltheiremotions.B.Theyaremorelikehumans.C.Theydothenormalhousework.D.Theyrespondtousersmoreslowly.9.WhatcanaJiborobotdoaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Communicatewithyouandperformoperations.B.Answeryourquestionsandmakerequests.C.Takeyourfamilypicturesanddelivermilk.D.Obeyyourordersandremindyoutotakepills.10.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill______.A.trainemployeesB.beourworkmatesC.improvetechnologiesD.taketheplaceofworkers11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlypresent?A.Anewdesignideaofhouseholdrobots.B.Marketingstrategiesforsocialrobots.C.Informationonhouseholdrobots.D.Anintroductiontosocialrobots.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文中第二段Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.可知，社会机器人更像人，比如这些机器人被设计能够分辨人的心情是高兴还是悲伤。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.和Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.可知，此机器人可以听您的指令，提醒家庭成员吃药或拍照。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Breazeal的话“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus”可以推断出，社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。选D。DAnyonewatchingtheWinterOlympicsinBeijing,Chinaoverthelastfewdayshasseenman-madesnow.Sincetheareagetslittlenaturalsnow,theWinterOlympicstookplaceonalmost100%man-madesnowforthefirsttime.Thisyear’sWinterOlympicswereheldinBeijing,China,andintwoareasnorthwestofBeijing,YanqingandZhangjiakou.Theareasgetcoldinthewinter,buttheydon’tgetalotofsnow.That’sbecausethey’renotfarfromtheGobiDesert,andaregenerallyverydry.Chinatookwaterfromareservoir(水库)whichhelpedsupplyBeijing’sdrinkingwaterandsentittoanearbyriver.Tocarrythewatertothemountainsformakingsnow,Chinaranmilesandmilesofpipes.Chinasaysmakingthesnowtookabout49,000gallons(185,500liters)ofwater.ChinahiredacompanycalledTechnoAlpintocreatethesnow.TechnoAlpincreatedman-madesnowatseveralearlierWinterOlympics.Forthesnowinthisyear’sOlympics,TechnoAlpinlaidover40miles(64kilometers)ofpipesandbroughtinhundredsofsnow-makingmachines.Withallequipment,makingthesnowforthisyear’sGamestooksevenweeks.Man-madesnowisn’tthesameasnaturalsnow,whichhasmoreairandlesswater.Still,theadvancedmachinescanmakeseveraldifferentkindsofsnowdependingonwhat’sneededforeachsport.Chinasaysthatthesnowatthisyear’sWinterOlympicswasproducedbyusingwindandsolarenergy.Man-madesnowwasusedintheWinterOlympicsin2010and2014becauseofwarmweather.Inthe2018GamesinPyeongChang,SouthKorea,approximately90%ofthesnowwasalsomadebymachine.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofskiing. B.Thenecessityofcreatingartificialsnow.C.ThesignificanceoftheOlympics. D.ThecharacteristicsoftheGobiDesert.13.Whatisneededfortransportingwater?A.Reservoirs. B.Machines. C.Equipment. D.Pipes.14.Whatcanweinferaboutman-madesnow?A.Itstypesvaryineverysport.B.Ithasnodifferencefromnaturalsnow.C.Itbecameuncommoninwintersportsevents.D.Itcan’tbemadeinenvironment-friendlyways.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheDryConditions B.Snow-makingMethodsC.TheArtificialSnow D.China’sWinterOlympics【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是北京冬奥运赛场的人造雪的制造方法。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Sincetheareagetslittlenaturalsnow,theWinterOlympicstookplaceonalmost100%man-madesnowforthefirsttime.(由于该地区几乎没有天然雪，冬奥会首次几乎100%是在人造雪上举行的。)”和“Theareasgetcoldinthewinter,buttheydon’tgetalotofsnow.That’sbecausethey’renotfarfromtheGobiDesert,andaregenerallyverydry.(这个地区在冬天很冷，但是他们没有很多雪。这是因为它们离戈壁沙漠不远，而且通常都非常干燥。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是人造雪的必要性。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Tocarrythewatertothemountainsformakingsnow,Chinaranmilesandmilesofpipes.(为了把水运到山上用来造雪，中国铺设了数英里长的管道。)”可知，运输水需要管道，故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Still,theadvancedmachinescanmakeseveraldifferentkindsofsnowdependingonwhat’sneededforeachsport.(尽管如此，这些先进的机器可以根据每种运动的需要制造几种不同的雪。)”可知，人造雪的类型在每种运动中都不同。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“AnyonewatchingtheWinterOlympicsinBeijing,Chinaoverthelastfewdayshasseenman-madesnow.Sincetheareagetslittlenaturalsnow,theWinterOlympicstookplaceonalmost100%man-madesnowforthefirsttime.(在过去的几天里，在中国北京观看冬奥会的人都看到了人造雪。由于该地区几乎没有天然雪，冬奥会首次几乎100%是在人造雪上举行的。)”可知，本文主要讲的是北京冬奥会的赛场几乎100%采用人造雪以及人造雪的制造方法，因此最恰当的题目是C选项“TheArtificialSnow(人造雪)”，故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BeagoodtouristTourismcanbegoodorbad.Yes,itbringsinmoneyforthelocaleconomyandcreateslotsofjobsforlocals,butitmayalsobringsomeproblems._____16_____Touristshaveusedpaint,rocksorevenkeystowriteontheLuxorTempleinEgypt,theColosseuminRome,StonehengeintheUK,memorialstonesatthebottomofQomolangma,andmany,manyotherplaces.Thousandsoftouristsitesarebeingdestroyedbytouristswho“lovethemtodeath”._____17_____Ifyouwanttoleaveamarkontheworld,doitbychangingsomeone’slifewithkindnessandlove.Passkindnessalongtofuturegenerations,notdestruction.Anotherbigprobleminsomeplaceshasbeentouristsdisturbingthelocalpeopleandlife._____18_____Forexample,ChangMaiUniversityinTailandandYonseiUniversityinSouthKoreahavegreatnumbersoftouristsvisitingtheircampusesandwalkingthroughtheirlibrariesandotherpublicareas,takingpicturesofstudentsanddisturbingtheirstudies.Ihavethreewordsfortouristslikethis:pleasebeconsiderate._____19_____Thenumberofproblemsfromtouristsisendless:walkinginlargegroupswithoutconsideringotherswhoneedtowalkby,crossingroadswithoutobservinglocaltrafficlaws,andmanymore.Theonlywaytosolvetheissueoftheterribletourististomakesurethatyounottheone!_____20_____Remember,wheneveryoustepoutsideyourcountry’sborders,youarerepresentingyourcountrytotherestoftheworld.A.Justthinkfromotheraspects.B.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.C.Havefuninawaythatdoesnotdisturbothers.D.Bethebest,kindest,mostpolitetouristpossible.E.Ihavethreewordsforpeoplelikethis:pleasestopit.F.Onegrowingproblemistouristswhowanttoprovethattheyhavevisitedsomeplace.G.Sometouristswanderaroundandtakepicturesoflocalpeoplewithoutaskingfortheirpermission.【答案】16.F17.E18.G19.C20.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出了游客在景区的一些不文明的行为，并呼吁我们要杜绝这些行为，尽可能成为最好、最善良、最有礼貌的游客。【16题详解】根据下文“Touristshaveusedpaint,rocksorevenkeystowriteontheLuxorTempleinEgypt,theColosseuminRome,StonehengeintheUK,memorialstonesatthebottomofQomolangma,andmany,manyotherplaces.”（游客们在埃及卢克索神庙、罗马竞技场、英国巨石阵、珠穆朗玛峰底部的纪念石以及许多其他地方用颜料、石头甚至钥匙刻字。）可知，这段主要讲的是游客给景区造成的问题。F项Onegrowingproblemistouristswhowanttoprovethattheyhavevisitedsomeplace.（一个日益严重的问题是游客们想证明他们去过某个地方。）能够引起下文，正是因为想证明去过这些地方，才在上面刻字，故选F。【17题详解】根据下文“Ifyouwanttoleaveamarkontheworld,doitbychangingsomeone’slifewithkindnessandlove.Passkindnessalongtofuturegenerations,notdestruction.”（如果你想在这个世界上留下印记，那就用善良和爱去改变别人的生活。把仁慈传给后代，而不是毁灭。）可知，这里作者对游客刻字的行为表示否定，认为应该停止这种行为。E项Ihavethreewordsforpeoplelikethis:pleasestopit.（我对这样的人想说三个字：请停止。）能够引起下文，表达了作者对游客在景点刻字的行为的否定态度，故选E。【18题详解】根据下文“ChangMaiUniversityinTailandandYonseiUniversityinSouthKoreahavegreatnumbersoftouristsvisitingtheircampusesandwalkingthroughtheirlibrariesandotherpublicareas,takingpicturesofstudentsanddisturbingtheirstudies.”（泰国清迈大学和韩国延世大学有大量游客参观他们的校园，穿过他们的图书馆和其他公共区域，给学生拍照，扰乱他们的学习。）可知，这里讲述的是游客带来的另外一个问题，他们打扰了本地人正常的生活。G项Sometouristswanderaroundandtakepicturesoflocalpeoplewithoutaskingfortheirpermission.（一些游客四处走动，未经允许就给当地人拍照。）能够引起下文，下文正是对这种不文明行为的举例，故选G。【19题详解】根据上文可知，本段主要讲的是一些游客四处走动，未经允许就给当地人拍照的行为。根据空格前句子“Ihavethreewordsfortouristslikethis:pleasebeconsiderate.”（我对这样的游客想说三个字：请体谅。）可知，作者不希望游客打扰到本地人的正常生活。C项Havefuninawaythatdoesnotdisturbothers.（以不打扰他人的方式享受乐趣。）符合段落主旨及作者的观点态度，故选C。【20题详解】根据空格前句子“Theonlywaytosolvetheissueoftheterribletourististomakesurethatyounottheone!”（解决可怕的游客问题的唯一办法就是确保你不是其中之一。）可知，接下来作者应该讲述我们应该成为什么样的游客。D项Bethebest,kindest,mostpolitetouristpossible.（尽可能成为最好、最善良、最有礼貌的游客。）能够承接上文，不要做行为可怕的游客，要做善良的、有礼貌的游客，故选D。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完型填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑（满分30分，共20小题，每小题1.5分）Iwasayoungnewspaperreporter,andIwantedtosucceed.Myfirst____21____wasinLatinAmerica.Itwasalmostmylastjob.IhadnotplannedtostayinthevillageofZacate,____22____ithadbeenraininghardforawholeday.SoIhadtostaythere.Ifoundpeopletherefullof____23____.Thisvillagewasatthefootofavolcano(火山).Itwasbecomingmore____24____.Men,womenandchildrencametothesquare.Afew____25____eachotherandwentoutoftowntogetasfarawayfromthevolcanoaspossible,withlargeandfull____26____intheirhands.Suddenly,Ifeltastrong____27____.Thevillagersinthesquareranawayas____28____astheyfelttheearthquake.Attherighttime,Isawblacksmoke____29____downthesideofthemountaintowardsthevillage.Treesandgrassburnedupinasecond.Thevolcanoeruptionwascomingso_____30_____thatinlessthanaminutetheroadstothevillageswere_____31_____.AllIcoulddowaswatchingand_____32_____.Suddenly,mylandlord(房东)criedout,“Look!”He_____33_____toasmallhill.Thelava(岩浆)wasnotcomingoveritbut_____34_____oneachsideofthevillage,_____35_____thevillagecenterundamaged.Luckily,foratime,atleast,wewere_____36_____.Mylandlordgavemea_____37_____blankettocovermyselftoavoidthe_____38_____andwepouredwateroverourheadstocoolourselves.Wecouldhardlybreathebecauseoftheheatandthe_____39_____oftheburninghouses.Thanks_____40_____mylandlord,Isurvivedthevolcano.21.A.friend B.job C.trip D.shopping22.A.so B.if C.or D.but23.A.happiness B.fear C.decision D.power24.A.comfortable B.weak C.active D.calm25.A.helped B.saw C.caught D.found26.A.flowers B.umbrellas C.books D.packs27.A.flood B.earthquake C.cold D.fire28.A.fast B.quickly C.soon D.quietly29.A.rolling B.disappearing C.lying D.settling30.A.gradually B.frequently C.strongly D.hardly31.A.putoff B.cutoff C.builtup D.fixedup32.A.waiting B.shouting C.complaining D.crying33.A.returned B.added C.got D.pointed34.A.recovering B.resting C.seeking D.flowing35.A.leaving B.making C.letting D.getting36.A.dangerous B.warm C.safe D.healthy37.A.dry B.new C.small D.wet38.A.light B.heat C.fear D.coldness39.A.smoke B.smell C.sight D.sound40A.for B.of C.to D.with【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.C31.B32.A33.D34.D35.A36.C37.D38.B39.A40.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名记者在拉丁美洲经历了一场火山爆发，最后幸存下来的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一份工作在拉丁美洲。A.friend朋友；B.job工作；C.trip旅行；D.shopping购物。根据下文“Itwasalmostmylastjob.”可推知，此处指这是作者的第一份工作，也几乎是最后一份工作。故选B项。【22题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我本不打算呆在Zacate村庄，但是大雨下了一整天。A.so所以；B.if如果；C.or否则；D.but但是。通过上文“Ihadnotplannedtostayinthevillage”可推知，作者没打算停留，下文“Ihadtostaythere”说明，作者因为下雨而不得不停留，前后具有明显的转折含义，应该使用表示转折含义的连词“but”。故选D项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现那里的人们充满恐惧。A.happiness开心；B.fear恐惧；C.decision决策；D.power力量。根据下文“wentoutoftowntogetasfarawayfromthevolcanoaspossible”可推知，此处指人们充满了恐惧，十分害怕，所以才尽可能远离火山。故选B项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：火山开始变得越来越活跃。A.comfortable舒服的；B.weak虚弱的；C.active活跃的；D.calm冷静的。根据下文“Men,womenandchildrencametothesquare.”以及“wentoutoftowntogetasfarawayfromthevolcanoaspossible”可推知，此处指火山越来越活跃，快要爆发了。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们互相帮助，带着满满一大包的东西，出城尽可能远离火山。A.helped帮助；B.saw看见；C.caught接住；D.found建立。根据下文“eachotherandwentoutoftowntogetasfarawayfromthevolcanoaspossible,withlargeandfull____6____intheirhands”可推知，此处指人们互相帮助，拿着东西，尽可能地远离火山。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们互相帮助，带着满满一大包的东西，出城尽可能远离火山。A.flowers鲜花；B.umbrellas伞；C.books书本；D.packs包裹。根据上文“wentoutoftowntogetasfarawayfromthevolcanoaspossible,withlargeandfull”以及下文“intheirhands”可推知，此处指人们要带着包裹离开镇上，远离火山。故选D项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，我感觉到一阵剧烈的地震。A.flood洪水；B.earthquake地震；C.cold寒冷；D.fire火。根据下文“theyfelttheearthquake”可推知，此处指作者感觉到了地震。故选B项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：广场上的村民一感觉到地震就逃跑了。A.fast快速地；B.quickly迅速地；C.soon马上、不久；D.quietly安静地。根据上文“ranaway”以及下文“theyfelttheearthquake”可推知，此处指村民感觉到了地震后马上逃跑了。固定搭配“assoonas”意为“立刻、一……就……”。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我看到黑烟沿着山的一侧朝村庄滚滚而来。A.rolling翻滚；B.disappearing消失；C.lying躺着；D.settling安置。根据下文“Thevolcanoeruptionwascoming”可推知，此处指火山喷发了，冒出来的黑烟从山上朝山下村庄滚滚而来。故选A项。30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：火山爆发来得如此猛烈，不到一分钟，通往村庄的道路就被切断了。A.gradually慢慢地；B.frequently频繁地；C.strongly强烈地；D.hardly几乎不。根据上文“Treesandgrassburnedupinasecond.”以及下文“inlessthanaminute”可推知，此处指火山爆发来得相当猛烈。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：火山爆发来得如此猛烈，不到一分钟，通往村庄的道路就被切断了。A.putoff推迟；B.cutoff切断；C.builtup建立；D.fixedup解决。根据上文“Thevolcanoeruptionwascomingsostronglythatinlessthanaminutetheroads”可推知，此处指火山爆发来得极其猛烈，导致村庄的道路被切断了。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我所能做的就是看着和等待。A.waiting等待；B.shouting叫喊；C.complaining抱怨；D.crying哭泣。根据上文“theroadstothevillageswerecutoff.AllIcoulddowaswatching”可推知，此处指火山爆发来得相当猛烈，村庄的道路被切断了，而作者无能为力，只能看着，等待火山喷发结束。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他指向一座小山。A.returned返回；B.added增加；C.got得到；D.pointed指着。根据上文“criedout,“Look!””以及下文“toasmallhill”可推知，房东大喊，应该是指着小山，让作者他们看向那里。固定搭配“pointto”意为“指向”。故选D项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：岩浆并没有向这里流过来，而是向村子两侧流去，村子的中心没有被损坏。A.recovering恢复；B.resting休息；C.seeking寻找；D.flowing流动。根据上文“notcomingoveritbut”以及下文“oneachsideofthevillage”可推知，此处指岩浆并没有朝作者他们流过去，而是向村子的两侧流去。故选D项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：岩浆并没有向这里流过来，而是向村子两侧流去，村子的中心没有被损坏。A.leaving留下、离开；B.making制作；C.letting允许；D.getting收到。根据上文“Thelavawasnotcomingoveritbutflowingoneachsideofthevillage”以及下文“thevillagecenterundamaged”可推知，此处指岩浆向村子的两侧流去，留下了未被损坏的村庄中心。故选A项。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，至少有一段时间，我们是安全的。A.dangerous危险的；B.warm温暖的；C.safe安全的；D.healthy健康的。通过上文“leavingthevillagecenterundamaged.Luckily,foratime”可推知，此处指村庄中心未被破坏，所以作者他们至少有一段时间是安全的。故选C项。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的房东给了我一条湿毯子来盖住自己，以避高温，我们把水倒在头上来给自己降温。A.dry干的；B.new新的；C.small小的；D.wet湿的。根据下文“tocoolourselves”可推知，此处指岩浆很热，房东给了作者一条湿毯子盖住自己，给自己降温。故选D项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的房东给了我一条湿毯子来盖住自己，以避高温，我们把水倒在头上来给自己降温。A.light光；B.heat高温；C.fear害怕；D.coldness寒冷。根据下文“tocoolourselves”可推知，此处指岩浆很热，需要用湿毯子盖住自己，给自己降温，避免温度过高，造成烫伤。故选B项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于燃烧的房屋的热量和烟，我们几乎无法呼吸。A.smoke烟；B.smell气味；C.sight视野；D.sound声音。根据上文“Isawblacksmoke”和“couldhardlybreathe”以及下文“oftheburninghouses”可推知，使作者很难呼吸的原因是燃烧时产生的大量热量和烟。故选A项。【40题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：多亏我的房东，我才在火山中活了下来。A.for为了；B.of属于（某物/某人）；C.to到，向；D.with具有，和。根据上文“Mylandlordgavemeawetblankettocovermyself”和“Thanks”以及下文“mylandlord,Isurvivedthevolcano”可推知，此处指多亏了房东，作者才在这次火山喷发事件中得以幸存。固定搭配“thanksto”意为“幸亏、归因于”。故选C项。第Ⅱ卷（50分）注意事项：用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第三部分语言知识运用第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LastFriday,doctorsattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCentersuccessfullyreplaced____41____heartofaverysickmanwithaspecially-grownpig’sheart.Itisthefirsttimethatdoctors____42____(do)thissurgerybynow.Afterthreedays,thepatientappearstobedoingverywell.Dr.BartleyGriffithwhoisthefirstsurgeon____43____(perform)theoperation,saidthishadneverbeendonebefore.DavidBennett,57,isthemanofferedtheheart.Hewasgivenspecial____44____(permit)tohavetheunusualoperationbecausewithoutit,hewouldhavedied.Transplants(移植)usuallycomefrompeoplewhohavedied,butwant____45____(they)organstobeusedtohelpotherpeoplelive.Therearefar____46____(large)numbersofpatientswhoneedorgansthanthoseoforgans.Over3,800Americansgothearttransplantslastyear.Butthereare____47____(rough)110,000peoplewhoarewaitingforsomekindoftransplant.Foryears,scientistshavetriedtofigureout____48____theytransplantorgansfromotheranimalsintohumans.Thisishardbecausethehumanbodyalmostalwaysrejectssomethingthatisn’titsown.Muhammadisoneofthe____49____(doctor)whohelpedperformthesurgery.He’sbeenworkingtodevelopmethodstohelppreventpigorgans_____50_____beingrejectedinhumans.DoctorsarewatchingMr.Bennett’srecovery.【答案】41.the42.havedone43.toperform44.permission45.their46.larger47.roughly48.how49.doctors50.from【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是上周五，马里兰大学医学中心的医生们成功地用一颗特殊生长的猪心脏替换了一位重病患者的心脏。【41题详解】考查定冠词。句意：上周五，马里兰大学医学中心的医生们成功地用一颗特殊生长的猪心脏替换了一位重病患者的心脏。空格处用定冠词the特指“一位重病患者的心脏”，故填the。【42题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是医生们第一次做这种手术。Itisthefirsttimethat...是固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，that从句中用现在完成时，主语doctors是复数，因此空格处是havedone，故填havedone。【43题详解】考查不定式。句意：BartleyGriffith医生是第一个做这个手术的医生，他说这是前所未有的。surgeon前有序数词first修饰，其后用不定式作后置定语，故填toperform。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：他得到了做这个不寻常手术的特别许可，因为如果没有手术，他就会死。special是形容词，修饰名词，permit的名词是permission，意为“允许”，是不可数名词，故填permission。【45题详解】考查物主代词。句意：器官移植通常来自那些已经去世但希望自己的器官用于帮助他人生存的人。organs和they之间是所属关系，空格处意为“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词their