2022年山东省济宁市汶上县高一下学期期末考试英语试题

汶上县2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中,第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节、第三节、第四节和第四部分为非选择题。2.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFacePaintingAcademyDiplomaDoyouhavealoveforentertainingpeople?Areyouartisticandwanttoimpresspeoplewithanewskill?Ifso,thenwiththiscourseyoucouldbecomeaqualifiedfacepainter.Foraone-off(一次性的)paymentyoucanstudyon-lineandcompletethediplomainabout28hours.With14modules(模块)tocover,youcanbecomeanaccomplishedfacepainter.Yourqualificationwillberecognizedandcanbecheckedforvaliditybyallofyourfutureclientstoo!Module1YourIntroductiontoBecomingaFacePainterModule2TheEquipmentandMaterialsYouWillNeedforFacePaintingModule3Health&SafetyandRiskAssessments(评估)Module4StartingYourOwnBusinessModule5PricingandCostsModule6MarketingYourBusiness&SocialMediaModule7TheDo’sandDon’tsandWhattoDoIfYourBusinessDoesn’tGoWellModule8HowtodoaDog/CatFacePaintDesignModule9HowtodoaButterfly/DolphinFacePaintDesignModule10HowtodoaMonkey/FrogFacePaintDesignModule11HowtodoaRabbit/SwanFacePaintDesignModule12HowtodoaTiger/DinosaurFacePaintDesignModule13HowtodoaSpiderman/BatmanFacePaintDesignModule14HowtodoaMinnieMouse/PrincessFacePaintDesignDeliverymethod:OnlineStudylevel:ProfessionaldevelopmentPrice:£299Signtoday:£9921.Whatcanbeknownaboutthecourse?A.Itrequirespeopletopayinfull. B.Itispresentedbothonlineandoffline.C.Itoffersfreeequipmentandmaterials. D.Thediplomacanbeobtainedinonemonth.22.Whichmodulefocusesonadvertisingthebusiness?A.Module4. B.Module5. C.Module6. D.Module7.23.Howmuchpeoplecansaveifsigningupnow?A.£99. B.£l00. C.£199. D.£200.BJohnGoyalisahighschoolstudentfromDallas,Texas,whohelpsoutotherclassmatesbytutoringthembetweenclasses.Atutorissomeonewhoteachesonepersonoraverysmallgroupofstudents.WhenGoyal’shighschoolmovedonlinelastspringbecauseofCOVID-19,shedecidedtoalsotakeherteachingonline.The17-year-oldjuniorandthreeofherfellowstudentscreatedStudyScope,aprogramthatoffersfreetutoringservicestootherchildren,includingyoungerones.Itstartedwithasmallnumberoftutorswhohelpedyoungpeopleintheircity.Butithasgrownintoagroupof22tutorsfromTexas,ArizonaandOhio.Theyhavehelpedmorethan300students,someofthemfromdistantMongolia.StudyScopeaimstogivetheone-on-onehelpthatteachershavetraditionallygivenwhilewalkingaroundtheirclassrooms.Butnow,manyteacherscannotprovidethatone-on-onesupportbecausetheylacktimeorhaveissueswithtechnology.SarahNewmansaidherchildren,7-year-oldtwins,havehadhelpfulStudyScopeexperiences.Theservicehasfreedupherandherhusbandinpayingattentiontotheirwork.“Withthesetutors,Irealizetheyhavetime,”shesaid,“Ithinktheyareverypatientwiththeseyoungerkids,whichIdonotevenhaveasamother.Ihavepatienceinotherthings,butIdon’thavepatienceforteaching.”WhatmakestheStudyScopeeffortspecialistheconnectionbetweentheteenagevolunteersandtheotherstudentstheyarehelping.Althoughthepandemic(传染病)hasforcedmanystudentstolookinward,Goyalsaidthatworkingwithothersonabigprojecthaspermittedhertolookoutward.“Myconfidencelevelhasincreased,”Goyalsaid.Sheaddedthatshehasmadefriendswithotherstudentsfromherschool.Shesaidoneofthebestthingsaboutrunningagrowingnon-profitisthatitdoeshelpwiththeboredomofbeingstuckathome.24.WhatdidGoyaldecidetodolastspring?A.Shedecidedtohelpherclassmatesinlife. B.ShedecidedtogetactiveinfightingCOVID-19.C.Shedecidedtoofferonlineclassestostudents. D.ShedecidedtogotoDistantMongoliaforhelp.25.What’sthepurposeofStudyScope？A.Tomakeprofits. B.Togiveonlinehelp. C.Tomakefriends. D.Tochoosevolunteers.26.What’sSarahNewman’sattitudetowardstheprogram?A.Favorable. B.Betolerantoftheirchildren. C.TakeascepticalattitudeD.Critical.27.WhatcanwelearnfromGoyal’ssuccess?A.Puttingthecartbeforethehorse. B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Nomancandotwothingsatonce. D.Helpingotherswillbenefitoneself.CChina’spopulationisexpectedtofallthisyear,morethanadecadeearlierthanpreviously

thought,accordingtoagovernment-backedscholar.“Thenumberofpeopleaged65andolderwasmorethan14percentofthetotalin2021,makingChinaanagedsociety,ratherthananageingone.”ZhengBingwen,directorofinternationalsocialsecuritystudiesattheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,said.“Theadverseimpactofageingistheslowdownineconomicgrowth,”hetoldafinanceconferenceinBeijing.“Ageingwillleadtofallsinsavings,whichinturnleadtofallsininvestment（投资）,whichwillbeahugethinginChina.”Zhengsaidthecountrywasontracktobecomea“super-aged”societyby2035,withmorethan20percentofthepopulationover65.Thecrisis（危机）hasbeenspeedingupinrecentyears,withthecountrynowrecordingitsslowestpopulationgrowthsince1961.Atotalof10.62millionbabieswerebornlastyearacrossthecountry,asharpfallfrom12millionin2020,and14.65millionin2019.Theoverallpopulationstillgrewlastyear,butonlyby480,000.Expertshavepointedoutthatthebiggestfactorinthecountry’sfallingbirthratesisthattherearefarfewerwomenofchildbearingage;adirectresultoftheone-childpolicyintroducedbythegovernmentin1980.ThehighcostofhousingandeducationhavefurtherdiscouragedthedesireofmanyChinesecouples,especiallythoselivingincities,tohavechildren.“Ageingwillresultinafallinsavings,andfamilydebtswillberising.”Zhengsaidthatthegovernmentshouldsetupapension（养老金）systemtodealwiththefasterfallinpopulation.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adverse”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Unpleasant. B.Delicate.C.Flexible. D.Inspiring.29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforChina’sfallingbirthrates?A.HighHousing

Price. B.Expensive

education.C.Fallsininvestment. D.Lackofwomenofchildbearingage.30.AccordingtoZhengBingwen,whatisthesolutiontotheageingcrisis?A.Improvingsocialsecurity. B.Stickingtotheone-childpolicy.C.Establishingapensionsystem. D.Speedingupeconomicgrowth.31.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsChina’sfallingpopulation?A.Positive. B.Satisfied.C.Uncaring. D.Unclear.DBreathingdirtyaircancostsomeone’slifespan(寿命)months—evenyears,anewstudyfinds.Worldwide,airpollutionlowersaveragelifespansbyayear.ScientistssharedtheirnewfindingsinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters.Airpollution(污染)hasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthproblems.Mostearlierstudieshavelookedathowtinyairpollutants(污染物)affectedratesofillnessordeath.Butnowanenvironmentalscientist,JoshuaApte,isgoingevenfurther.HeworksattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Hetogetherwithhisteamislookingatlifeexpectancy,hopingtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.PM2.5iswhatscientistscalltinyparticlesofpollutionintheair.HigherlevelsofPM2.5cancausehealthproblemsandcutmonths,ifnotyears,fromtheaveragelifespan.Thisanalysisshowspollutionaffectslifeexpectancyindifferentpartsoftheworld.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10micrograms(微克)percubic(立方)meterofair.Apte’sgroupuseddatatotrytofindhowthislowlevelwouldhelppeople.ButmeetingtheWHOstandardwon’tgetridofhealthdamagefromdirtyair.That’sbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeterpollutionstillcauseshugerisks.Reducingairpollutioncouldincreaselifeexpectancy.Thescientistsalsocomparedhowotherthreatsshortenlifespansacrosstheglobe.Theseriskfactorsincludedsmokingandcancer.Theseresultsshowthatinpoorcountries,cleaningupdirtyaircouldgreatlyincreaselifespans.Itcouldhaveasbiganeffectascleaningupdrinkingwater,orcuringlungcancer.However,inwealthiercountriesairpollutionshortenslifeexpectancybylessthanhalfayear.Allformsofcancer,infact,shortentheaveragelifeexpectancybymorethan3.5years.“Knowingthiscanreallyhelppeopleorpolicymakersdecidewheretospendtheirmoney.”saysKirkSmith.32.WhyisJoshuaApte’steamcarryingoutthestudy?A.Knowhowsmallairpollutantsare.B.Studymanydifferenthealthyproblems.C.Letpeopleunderstandairpollutionbetter.D.Studythelifeexpectancyofdifferentpeople.33.WhatwillhappenifonecountrylimitsPM2.5to10microgramspercubemeter?A.Itsairisveryclean.B.Itstillhaspollutionrisks.C.ItwillgetaprizefromWHO.D.Itspeoplewillliveahealthylife.34.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.It’sveryhardtocleanupdirtyairinashorttime.B.Lungcanceristheleadingkillerinallkindsofcancers.C.Reducingairpollutioncanincreaseallpeople’slifespansmuch.D.Thestudywillhelpdifferentcountriesorpeopletakedifferentpolicies.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AirPollutionisShorteningLivesWorldwideB.ManyFactorsareAffectingPeople’sHealthC.GovernmentsareTryingtoMakeLifespanLongD.TheEffectofCancerisWorsethanDirtyAir第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thethoughtofanaturaldisastercanbefrightening,butyoucanprepareyourselfandyourfamilywithanemergencykit(成套用品).Thoughyoumaynotknowwhatkindofdisasterwillstrikeorwhen,36.●Packa3-daysupplyoffoodandwater.Choosefooditemswithalongshelflife,whichdon’trequirerefrigerationorlittlecooking,suchascannedgoodsandpackageditems,incaseyoudon’thavepowerduetoadisaster.Besides,store1gallon(3.8L)ofwaterperperson(andperpet)perday.37,sobesuretoincludeplentyofpurified(净化的)waterinbottles.●38.Packemergencyblankets,sleepingbags,andatentortwoincaseyoucan’tstayinyourhome.Amultipurposetoollikeaknifeandawhistlewouldalsobehandytohaveinyourkit.●Packelectronicsandbatteries.Intheeventofabigdisaster,besuretohaveseveralflashlights,anAM/FMradio,andextrabatteries,39.●Includemedicineandafirstaidkit.Prescriptionandover-the-countermedicinesshouldbeincludedinyourkit.40.Packextraglassesandanyothermedicalsuppliesthatmaybeneeded,likehearingaidswithextrabatteries.A.herearesometipsforyouB.AddshelterandsafetysuppliesC.It’sbesttostoreenoughwaterfor2weeksD.TapwatermaybeunsafetodrinkintheeventofadisasterE.you’llbereadyforanemergencyifyoutakethetimetogetwellpreparedF.Addabasicfirstaidkitcontaininginstanticepacks,bandages,scissorsandsoonG.becauseyourlandline,cellphonewillprobablynotworkduringanaturaldisaster第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分第一节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）ABCDJamesshookhismoneyboxagain.Nothing!Hecarefully41thecoinsthatlayonthebed.$24.52wasallthathehad.Thebicyclehewantedwasatleast$90!Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbicycles.Itwas42tohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasno43askinghisparents,forheknewtheyhadnomoneyto44.Therewasonlyonewaytogetthemoney,andthatwasto45it.Hewouldhavetofindajob.Butwhowouldhirehimandwhatcouldhedo?HedecidedtoaskMr.Clayforadvice,whousuallyhad46onmostthings.“Well,youcanstartrighthere,”saidMr.Clay,“Mywindowsneedcleaningandmycarneedswashing.”Thatwasthe47ofJames’sodd-jobbusiness.Forthreemonthsheworkedeverydayafterfinishinghishomework.Hewasamazedbythe48ofjobsthatpeoplefoundforhimtodo.Hetookdogsandbabiesforwalks,clearedoutcupboards,andmendedbooks.Helostcountofthenumberofcarshewashedandwindowshecleaned,butthe49increasedandheknewthathewouldsoonhave50forthebicyclehelongedfor.Theday51camewhenJamescountedhismoneyandfound$94.32.He52notimeandwentdowntotheshoptopickupthebicyclehewanted.Herode53home,lookingforwardtoshowinghisnewbicycletohisfriends.Ithadbeenhard54forthemoney,butJamesknewthathevaluedhisbicyclefarmoresincehehadboughtitwithhisownmoney.Hehad55whathethoughtwasimpossible,andthatwasworthevenmorethanthebicycle.41.A.cleaned B.covered C.counted D.checked42.A.brave B.hard C.smart D.unfair43.A.point B.reason C.result D.right44.A.split B.spend C.spare D.save45.A.borrow B.earn C.raise D.collect46.A.decisions B.experience C.opinions D.knowledge47.A.beginning B.introduction C.requirement D.opening48.A.similarity B.quality C.suitability D.variety49.A.effort B.pressure C.money D.trouble50.A.all B.enough C.much D.some51.A.finally B.instantly C.normally D.regularly52.A.gave B.left C.took D.wasted53.A.patiently B.proudly C.silently D.tiredly54.A.applying B.asking C.looking D.working55.A.deserved B.benefited C.achieved D.learned第Ⅱ卷第三部分 语言知识运用（共四节，满分55分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinahasbuiltahigh-speedpassengerrailnetworkinrecentyearsandwillcontinuetoenlarge56(rapid).Bytheendof2017,China’srailwaymileage57(reach)127,000kilometers,and25,000kmofitarehigh-speedrail,58makesChina’shigh-speedsystemtheworld’s59(large)high-speednetwork.China’shigh-speedtrainsaresimilartothoseofFrance’sTGV,Germany’sICEandJapan’sShinkansen.Thefasttrainswith60topspeedof250-350km/harecalledCRH,ChinaRailwayHigh-speed.IfyouwanttotravelaroundChina,thehigh-speedtrainswillbeyouridealvehiclesincetheyareclean,comfortableandmodern.UnlikethetraditionaltrainsinChina,nosmoking61(allow)onhigh-speedtrains,notevenbetweencarriages.Tomeetthe62(require)ofdifferentpassengers,thehigh-speedrailwayoperatorshavedividedCRHticketsintothreetypes.Theyarebusiness,firstclassandsecondclass.There’sneveramadcrowdwithmanypeople63(sit)intheaislesaswellasinseats.TheticketpricesforChina'shigh-speedtrainsarereasonable64thefrequencyofdepartureisveryhighonmostroutes,soit'squiteconvenientforpeople65(buy)tickets.第三节单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）根据首字母和汉语提示,写出单词的适当形式。(注意：请在答题卡上写出完整的单词)66.Underthedoctor’scarefult_____________(治疗),yourfatherissuretorecover.67.Weofferedhimourc_______________(祝贺)onhispassingtheentranceexam.68.Shei____________(立刻)becamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.69.Canyoutelephonemeatyourc____________(方便)toarrangeameeting?70.Ithasp_____(证明，展现)tobeapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofmanypeople.71.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofm___________(结婚，婚姻)likethemajorityofgirls,shechosetostudymedicine.72.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadandd_____________(失望的，沮丧的),butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.73.Seeingpicturesofourplanetasanislandinablackseamadepeoplerealisethatourplanet’sresourcesarel___________(有限的).74.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanber__________(回收利用，再利用)forlateruse.75.Firstofall,youmustbei___________(有智慧的，聪明的)enoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.第四节句子翻译（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）76.风俗在节日中扮演重要角色，但有时也随时间而变化。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________77.研究国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________78.我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________79.然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________80.为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店、开餐馆。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第四部分 写作（满分15分81.每年的6月5日是“世界环境日”。你校拟举办“禁止瓶装水活动”(theNoBottledWatercampaign)，假定你是学生会主席李华，请写一封建议信，呼吁同学们少买瓶装水，爱护环境。信的内容包括：1.塑料瓶对环境的危害2.建议同学们少买瓶装水3.号召大家参加活动注意：1.词数:80词左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearFriends,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yoursfaithfully,LiHua汶上县2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题参考答案第一部分听力（每小题1.5分，满分30分）1—5CBACA6—10ABACB11—15ACABB16—20ACACB听力材料Text1W:Thisisyourbed,andtheupperoneismine.M:Good.Thereisasheetandablanketoneachbed.Oh,herecomesthetrainattendant.Text2M:Whathaveyoubeendoingduringyourholiday?W:Ihaven’trestedonebit.I’vebeenjogging,weight-lifting,andtryingtogetbackintoshape.Text3M:Wewillbehavingameetingtomorrowatnoon.W:Oh,canwepushthemeetingforwardalittlebit?Iambusythen.Text4W:Dad,canyoudrivemetoschool?M:Sorry,I’mtoobusy.Whydon’tyougoonyourbikeorwalk?Youneedtheexercise.W:IthinkI’llcycle.Ihaven’tgottimetowalk.Text5M:I’vegottwoticketstotheoperaonSaturdaynight.Wouldyouliketogo?W:Nothinginterestsmelessthanopera.Ithinkitwouldbebetterforyoutoasksomeoneelsewhowouldactuallyenjoyit.Text6M:So,howlonghaveyoubeeninthePeaceCorps?W:Foraboutayearnow.M:Doyouenjoyit?W:Mostofthetime.Theworkcanbeextremelydifficult,butithasitsrewards.Forme,it’sfindingawaytofitintoacommunitythat’sverydifferentfrommyown.Itcanbefrustrating!M:Andwhat’sthemostrewardingthing?W:That’seasy.ThemostrewardingthingaboutbeinginthePeaceCorpsislearningaboutanotherculture.Text7W:Excuseme,sir.Canyouhelpme?M:Sure.What’sthematter?W:Well,mycarhasbrokendown.IamadoctorandIhaveanoperationin30minutes.Imustgettothehospitalrightnow.M:Whatwouldyoulikemetodoforyou?W:Ineedtotakeataxi,butIleftmywalletathome.M:Well,allright.Is10dollarsenough?W:Wouldyoumind15dollars?Givemeyouraddress,andIwillreturnittoyouassoonaspossible.Text8M:Hey,Maria!Fancyseeingyouhere.W:Longtimenosee!Howareyoudoing?M:Can’tcomplain!Youseldomcomehere,doyou?W:I’maprettygoodstudent.ButIdon’tcometothelibrarytostudy.It’stooquietforme.Ineedaplacewithsomemusicorsomekindofnoisetostudy.Nextweek,IhaveaFrenchpaperdue,soIcametolookupsomeinformation.Well,Ireallydon’tknowhowtofindthebooksIneedaboutFrench.Doyouthinkyoucanhelpme?M:Sorry,I’mnotsureeither.Ionlyknowhowtofindthemonthlymagazines.Let’sgotoaskthelibrarianforhelp.W:Goodidea!Text9W:It’sSaturdaytomorrow.We’lltakeJimout.Whereshallwego?M:Well,howaboutgoingtothemuseum?W:Whatkindofmuseum?History?Science?Art?M:Ilikehistorymuseums.They’reinteresting.W:Oh,Henry,historymuseumsareboring.Let’sgotoasciencemuseum.M:Science?Wealwaysgotosciencemuseums.Idon’tlikesciencemuseums.W:Thenlet’sgotothechildren’smuseum.There’smorefun.Besides,Jimwouldlikeittoo.M:Well,I’mtoooldforachildren’smuseum.Whydon’twegotoanartmuseum?W:That’sagoodidea.Thereisalotoffunforchildrenthere.Let’sgototheartmuseum.M:Bytheway,theparkinglotthereissmall.Wehavetogetthereearliertoparkourcar.W:You’reright.Wehavetoleavebefore8:00.Text10M:ComeondowntoCrazyMike’sChristmasSale!We’resellingclothesatpricessolow.You’llthinkwe’vegonemad!Checkthisout:T-shirtsareonlytwodollars,andlong-sleeveT-shirtsareonlythreedollars!Getyourwintercoatsfortendollarsandsweatersforonlysixdollars…that’sright,sixdollars!Thesearecrazyprices,folks,andI’mjustgettingstarted!Geteightpairsofsocksfortwodollars!Howaboutunderwear(内衣)?We’vegotyoucovered,andImeanreallycovered!HowdoesBuyTwo,GetThreeFreesound?Ladiesandgentlemen,youwillnotfindbetterdealsonclothesthiswinter.I’msoconfidentinourlowpricesthatIwillgiveyoua$20giftcertificateifyoufindalowerpriceonanyofouritemsatanotherstore!Butyou’dbetterhurry.ThisunbelievablesaleatCrazyMike’swon’tlastlong.ComeinbeforeSundaytotakeadvantageofthesegreatdeals.MerryChristmasandhappyshoppingfromallofushereatCrazyMike’s!第二部分阅读理解（每小题2.5分，满分50分）A篇：21．A22．C23．D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文中主要介绍了一个在线课程，以及其14个模块的教学内容和价格等信息。21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Foraone-offpaymentyoucanstudyon-lineandcompletethediplomainabout28hours.(一次性支付，你可以在线学习，并在大约28小时内完成文凭)”可知，这个课程要求人们全额支付。故选A。22．细节理解题。根据“Module6MarketingYourBusiness&SocialMedia(模块6：营销您的企业和社交媒体)”可知，模块6专注于广告业务。故选C。23．细节理解题。根据文中“Price:£299；Signtoday:£99(价格：299英镑；今天注册：99英镑)”可知，如果现在注册可以节省200英镑。故选D。B篇：24.C25.B26.A27.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生Goyal在COVID-19的爆发时，建立了网络教学，帮助学生，与此同时，也提高了自己的自信心。细节理解题。根据第二段“WhenGoyal'shighschoolmovedonlinelastspringbecauseofCOVID-19,shedecidedtoalsotakeherteachingonline.”（去年春天，由于COVID-19的爆发，戈亚尔所在的高中搬到了网上，她决定也把自己的教学也搬到了网上。）可知，去年春天她为学生提供在线课程。故选C项。推理判断题。根据第二段“The17-year-oldjuniorandthreeofherfellowstudentscreatedStudyScope,aprogramthatoffersfreetutoringservicestootherchildren,includingyoungerones.”（17岁的高二和她的三名同学创建了StudyScope项目，为其他孩子提供免费辅导服务，包括年龄较小的孩子。）可推断，StudyScope的目的是提供在线帮助。故选B项。推理判断题。根据第三段“"Withthesetutors,Irealizetheyhavetime,“shesaid,“Ithinktheyareverypatientwiththeseyoungerkids，whichIdonotevenhaveasamother.Ihavepatienceinotherthings,butIdon'thavepatienceforteaching.”（“有了这些导师，我意识到他们有时间，”她说，“我认为他们对这些更小的孩子很有耐心，而我作为一个母亲，甚至没有像他们一样的时间和耐心。”我在其他事情上有耐心，但在教学上就没有耐心了。）可推断，莎拉·纽曼对这个项目持支持态度。故选A项。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Myconfidencelevelhasincreased,”Goyalsaid.Sheaddedthatshehasmadefriendswithotherstudentsfromherschool.Shesaidoneofthebestthingsaboutrunningagrowingnon-profitisthatitdoeshelpwiththeboredomofbeingstuckathome.（戈亚尔说:“我的自信心增强了。”她补充说，她已经和学校里的其他学生交了朋友。她说，经营一个不断壮大的非营利组织的好处之一是，它确实有助于摆脱被困在家里的无聊。）可推断，她做这个项目也帮助了自己。故选D项。C篇：28.A29.C30.C31.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国面临着人口老龄化及人口出生率下降所带来的一些消极的影响，并分析了其原因及提出了对策。词句辨析题。根据第三段的前三句““Theadverseimpactofageingistheslowdownineconomicgrowth,”hetoldafinanceconferenceinBeijing.“Ageingwillleadtofallsinsavings,whichinturnleadtofallsininvestment（投资）,whichwillbeahugethinginChina.”(“老龄化的不利影响是经济增长放缓，”他在北京的一个金融会议上表示。“老龄化将导致储蓄下降，进而导致投资下降，这在中国将是一件巨大的事情。”)”可知，老龄化带来的影响是消极的、不利的。因此，adverse应为“不好的，负面的”意思。故选A项。细节理解题。根据第五段整段内容“Expertshavepointedoutthatthebiggestfactorinthecountry’sfallingbirthratesisthattherearefarfewerwomenofchildbearingage;adirectresultoftheone-childpolicyintroducedbythegovernmentin1980.ThehighcostofhousingandeducationhavefurtherdiscouragedthedesireofmanyChinesecouples,especiallythoselivingincities,tohavechildren.(专家指出，中国出生率下降的最大因素是育龄妇女少得多；这是1980年政府推行独生子女政策的直接结果。高昂的住房和教育成本进一步打击了许多中国夫妇，尤其是生活在城市的夫妇想要孩子的愿望。)”可知，影响中国出生率降低的因素有育龄妇女少、高昂的住房和教育成本。故选C项。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Zhengsaidthatthegovernmentshouldsetupapension(养老金)systemtodealwiththefasterfallinpopulation.(郑说，中国政府应该建立养老金体系来解决人口的较快减少问题。)”可知，建立养老金体系才是解决这个问题的关键。故选C项。推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句““Theadverseimpactofageingistheslowdownineconomicgrowth,”hetoldafinanceconferenceinBeijing.(“老龄化的不利影响是经济增长放缓，”他在北京的一个金融会议上表示。)”以及第五段的“Expertshavepointedoutthatthebiggestfactorinthecountry’sfallingbirthratesisthattherearefarfewerwomenofchildbearingage;adirectresultoftheone-childpolicyintroducedbythegovernmentin1980.ThehighcostofhousingandeducationhavefurtherdiscouragedthedesireofmanyChinesecouples,especiallythoselivingincities,tohavechildren.(专家指出，中国出生率下降的最大因素是育龄妇女少得多；这是1980年政府推行独生子女政策的直接结果。高昂的住房和教育成本进一步打击了许多中国夫妇，尤其是生活在城市的夫妇想要孩子的愿望。)”可知，在本文中作者客观地介绍专家们对于中国人口危机的看法，并没有发表个人观点。故选D项。D篇：32．C33．B34．D35．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了空气污染会缩短人类寿命的科学理论。32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Airpollution(污染)hasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthproblems.Mostearlierstudieshavelookedathowtinyairpollutantsaffectedratesofillnessordeath.Butnowanenvironmentalscientist,JoshuaApte,isgoingevenfurther.HeworksattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Hetogetherwithhisteamislookingatlifeexpectancy,hopingtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.(他和他的团队正在研究预期寿命，希望使这种威胁更容易理解。)”（空气污染与许多健康问题有关。早期的大多数研究都着眼于微小的空气污染物如何影响患病或死亡的几率。但现在，环境科学家约书亚·阿普特(JoshuaApte)更进一步。他就职于德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校。他和他的团队正在研究预期寿命，希望使这种威胁更容易理解。）可知，约书亚·阿普特的团队进行这项研究，是让人们更好地了解空气污染。故选C。33．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ButmeetingtheWHOstandardwon’tgetridofhealthdamagefromdirtyair.That’sbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeterpollutionstillcauseshugerisks.(但是，达到世界卫生组织的标准并不能消除污浊空气对健康的损害。这是因为即使每立方米污染低于10微克，仍然会造成巨大的风险。)”可知，如果一个国家将pm2.5限制在每立方米10微克，它仍然有污染风险。故选B。34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Knowingthiscanreallyhelppeople.orpolicymakers,decidewheretospendtheirmoney.(知道这一点真的可以帮助人们。或者决策者，决定把钱花在哪里。)”可推断，这项研究将帮助不同的国家或人民采取不同的政策。故选D。35．主旨大意题。根据全文,特别是第一段中的“Breathingdirtyaircancostsomeone’slifespan(寿命)months—evenyears,anewstudyfinds.(一项新的研究发现，呼吸污浊的空气会使人的寿命缩短数月甚至数年。)”可知，文章阐述了空气污染会缩短人类寿命的科学理论。所以“AirPollutionisShorteningLivesWorldwide(空气污染正在缩短世界范围内的寿命)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。七选五：36．E37．D38．B39．G40．F【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对自然灾害，你可以为自己和家人准备一个应急包，并介绍了应急包中应该备有什么物品。36．根据上文“Thethoughtofanaturaldisastercanbefrightening,butyoucanprepareyourselfandyourfamilywithanemergencykit.(想到自然灾害可能会令人恐惧，但你可以为自己和家人准备一个应急包。)”可知，你可以准备一个应急包；而空前“Thoughyoumaynotknowwhatkindofdisasterwillstrik