2024上海长宁区高三二模英语试题及答案

高中PAGE1高中上海长宁区2023-2024学年第二学期质量调研试卷高三英语（考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,read thefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Hisboss. B.Hisassistant. C.Hiscustomer. D.Hisfriend.A.OnTuesday. B.OnThursday. C.OnFriday. D.OnWednesday.A.Ittakeshimtoomuchtime. B.Thedistanceisquitelong.Healwayshastrafficjams. D.It’sok,nottoobad. 4.A.HeenjoyedtheTVspecialaboutHuahua. B.HedidnotlikewatchingtheTVspecial.C.HemissedwatchingtheTVspecial. D.He’dliketoseetheTVspecialagain.5.A.Themanshouldworkharder. B.Themanshouldrejecttheoffer.C.Themancanapplyforthejobagain. D.Themanmayhaveanotherchance.6.A.Thewomanwouldratherstayathome.B.Thewomanwouldliketotravelalone.C.ThewomanhasbeentoSoutheastAsia. D.ThewomanwouldliketovisitThailand.7.A.Hefeelsconfidentaboutgettingapromotion.B.Hedoesn’tthinkheisreadyforthepromotion.C.Heisdisappointedaboutnotbeingpromoted.D.Heiswell-preparedforthepromotion.A.Shedoesn’tlikewatchingtennisgames.B.Shewillwatchatennisgamenexttime.C.Shecanceledthistennisgame.D.Shetotallyforgotthistennisgame.9.A.Checkherapartmenttoseeifitneedsredecorating.B.Giveheradviceonhowtochooseadesigncompany.C.Tellherhowmuchtheredecorationmightcost.D.Createaredecorationdesignforherfreeofcharge.10.A.Thefireworksshowwasreallyimpressive.B.Themanwasnotinterestedinthefireworksshow.C.Theshowwascanceledbecauseofalaborstrike.D.Thewomanwillwatchthefireworksshownextmonth.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Theycauseairpollution.B.Theyarehardtogetridof.C.Theyappearindifferentforms. D.Theydamagetheinstruments.12.A.NASAengineerscheckstudents’productinperson. B.HUNCHSchoolteachersguidetheseprojectdesigns.C.AstronautsteachHUNCHSchoolstudentsinspace. D.HUNCHSchoolstudentssolvedtheproblemforastronauts.13.A.Toenhanceteacher-studentrelationships. B.Toimprovestudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Thereturnofalostwalletindicatesone’shonesty.B.Weseemtoknowourownmindsquitewell.C.Neighborsandfamilymembersmonitoreachother.D.Manypeoplebuylatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.15.A.Peopledenyactingfrominnerpersonalities.B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.D.Ourcharactersshapeoursocialrelationships.16.A.Personalitiesandattitudes. B.Preferencesandhabits.C.Behaviorsandpersonalities.D.Attitudesandpreferences.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation. 17.A.Classmates. B.Cousins.C.Parentandchild. D.Professorandstudent.18.A.Shecancookherfavoritefood. B.Shewantstokeepherroomcleanandtidy.C.Shecanfinallyhavesomeprivacy. D.Shedoesn’tgetalongwellwithhersister.19.A.Hecannotfullyunderstandrecipes. B.Hehastroubleinsocializingwithothers.C.He’slikelytogetintofinancialtrouble. D.Heisnotgoodatdoinghouseholdchores.20.A.Preparefoodonherown. B.Workoutaweeklybudget. C.Gotopartiesandclubslessoften. D.Haveapart-timejob.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Bob’sproblemsbeganduringhisformativeyears.Hisparentsgotdivorcedwhenhewasyoung,andneitherofhisparentswantedtoraisehimorhisbrotherandsister,sohe21(bring)upbyafosterfamilychosenbyasocialworkerinthecommunity.Unfortunately,hisfosterfatherwasastrictauthoritarianandoftenbeathim.Bobrebelledagainstthisstrictupbringing,andbythetimehewaseightyearsold,he22(run)wild,stealingfromshopsandplayingtruant.Whenhereachedadolescence,sometimearoundhisthirteenthbirthday,hehadalreadyappearedincourtseveraltimes,charged23juvenilecrimes.Thejudgeblamedhisfosterparents,24(explain)thatchildrenneededresponsibleparentsandguardianswhowouldlookafterthemproperly.Thefosterfatherdidn’tagreewiththejudgeandobjectedtothis,pointingoutthatBob’stwobrothersandsisterwerewell-adjustedchildrenwhobehavedathomeandworkedwellatschool.Thishasraisedsomeinterestingquestionsaboutthemodernfamilysystem.25itistruethatparentsshouldnotbetoolenientwithchildrenbylettingthemdo26theywant,27tooover-protectivebyshelteringthemfromtherealitiesoflife,itisalsotruethattheyshouldnotbetoostrict.Ithasalsohighlightedthedisadvantagesofthemodernnuclearfamily28thechildhasonlyitsmotherandfathertorelyonorthesingle-parentfamily,inwhichthemotherorfatherhastostruggleparticularlyhard29(support)theirdependents.Infact,manypeoplebelievethatwe30returntotraditionalfamilyvaluesandtheextendedfamily:extensiveresearchhasshownthatchildrenfromthesefamiliesaregenerallybetterbehavedandhaveabetterchanceofsuccessinlaterlife.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.engageB.assessC.combinationD.intentionsrefreshF.understandingG.relaxedH.consciouslyI.returnJ.threatensK.regretfully“Dealingwithmoneyisabasiclifeskill”Whyfinancialtransactionsareaboutrelationshipsandwhythequalityoftherelationshipismoreimportantthanthetransactionitself.Britishpsychologist,WilliamBloom,haslongarguedthatsocietywouldbenefitifmoneyflowedmorefreely-if,forexample,peopleregularlygivepartoftheirsalariesorprofitstocharity.Whenyousay,“Moneyshouldflowmorefreely,”whatdoyoumean?“TherearetwometaphorsthatIliketouseformoney.Oneistheenergyoftheenvironmentandhumannature.Moneyrepresentsa(n)31oftheseenergies;it’samaterializedformofenergy.Theothermetaphoriswater.Ifyoulookatwater,itcanbestillandpollutedor,oncethedamsareopened,ithastheabilityto32itself.Healthyenergyflowsinthewayrichpeopleshouldallowtheirmoneytoflow.Iftheyaregood,theywillknowhowtogive.”Moneystillisn’tflowingfreely.Alotofitisdammedupinbanksandinthehandsofasmallpercentageofextremelywealthyindividuals.“Wehavetobuildasocietyinwhichwearenotthreatenedbyeachother.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoor33socialconnectionandharmony.TheBabyBoomers(婴儿潮一代)aretoocomfortablefortoolong.Nowtheyhavetoaskthemselveswhattheirpoliticsare,becauselifeispolitical.Thisisthetimeforallofusto34politically.”Howcanwedealwithmoneyinahealthierway?“Whenitcomestomoney,thereisalotofnaiveté.Childrenneedtobetaughtinschoolthatdealingwithmoneyisabasiclifeskill.Theyneedtobeabletoreadabankstatementina(n)35way.Whenatransactiontakesplace,thismeans36pausingtosay,‘Thisexchangeaffectsmeinthisandthisway.’Weareoftenintoomuchofahurrytorealizethat.Wealsoforgetthattransactionsarefirstandforemostaboutrelationships.Thequalityofthatrelationshipismoreimportantthanthetransactionitself.That’swhyBedouins(游牧民族贝都因人)alwaysshareacupofteawhentheydobusinesstogether.Theyunderstandtheneedto37theirrelationshipwithothers.”Anotherformofflowisgiving.Canthatbeakindofspiritualpractice?“Humansareparadoxicalbeings.Itispossibletohavepure38andtogetsatisfactionasaby-productfromyouractions.Thereistheclassicideathatgivingawaymoneybringsasenseofsafetyandsatisfaction.Anditdoes.Beingaliveinthisuniversecomesfromthe39thatyou’repartofaflowintheuniverse.Peoplethinkhighlyofaltruism(舍己为人),givingawaymoneytosomeonewhocannotseeyou.Donatingmoneytocharityisnotjustaboutthematerialeffectbutitalsoallowsyoutopayattentiontowhatcausesyou’resupporting.It’shealthytogivewithoutthinkingofthematerial40.Moneyisneutral,likelanguage.It’sallaboutthewayinwhichitisused.”Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Acureforthefutureinthepast?Foroverfiftyyears,thepeopleofBritainhavereliedonthewelfarestatetomakesuretheyhaveadequatehealthservices.ButnowtheNationalHealthServiceissick.Government41andunderfundingareforcinghospitalstoclose,andwaitinglistsfortreatmentaregettinglonger.Undersuchcircumstances,itisnosurprisethatmorepeopleareturningtoprivate(butexpensive)healthcare.Forsome,however,thereare42.Theyareturningtheirbackonmodernpills,tabletsandresortingtootherconventionalmedicine.Itseemsparadoxical,butinanageofmicrochipsandhightechnology,traditionalmedicine,theold-fashionedcuresthatourgrandparentsreliedon,ismakinga43.Considerthesecasestudies:Maudeis76yearsoldandhasbeensufferingfromarthritisforalmosttenyears.“Thepaininmyjointswasalmost44,andmydoctorreferredmetoasurgeonattheLondonHospital.IwastoldthatIneeded45,butwouldneedtowaitforatleasttwoyearsbeforeIcouldhavetheoperation.In46,Istartedhavingmassagesessions.Tomysurprise,thesewereverytherapeutic,andwhiletheydidn’tcurethedisorder,theydid47ittosomeextent”.Ronis46.Hishigh-poweredcityjobwas48foraseriesofstress-relatedillnesses,andthedrugshetookdidn’tworkwellonthenervousstrain.“Ireadabout49whichinvolvethewholepersonratherthantheindividualsymptoms,butIhadalwaysdoubtedaboutsuchkindofmedicineforalldiseases.However,myfriend50adieticianwhotoldmethatpartofmyproblemwasdiet-related.Basically,thefoodIwaseatingwas51tomydisorder.Shegavemealistoffoodsthatwouldprovidetherightvitaminsandmineralstokeepmeingoodhealth.Atthesametime,sheadvocatedamore52lifestyle-running,swimming,thatkindofthing.I’mabitofacouchpotato,andthiskindoflifestyleIhadlivedwas53theproblem.NowIfeelgreat!”Soistherestillaplaceinourlivesformodernmedicine?Whileitistruethatsomeinfectionsandvirusesmaybe54byturningtotraditionalmedicine,moreseriousillnessessuchascancerneedmoreextrememeasures.Wedoneedourhealthserviceatthesetimes,andweshouldn’tstop55initsfuture.Butwemustn’tforgetthatforsomecommonillnesses,thecuremaylieinthepast.41.A.support B.restrictions C.cutbacks D.concern42.A.programs B.alternativesC.measures D.scales43.A.comeback B.living C.change D.mess44.A.unique B.uncertain C.universal D.unbearable45.A.permission B.surgery C.supervision D.strength46.A.condition B.desperation C.general D.particularA.protect B.recover C.relieve D.treatA.eager B.gratefulC.famousD.responsible 49.A.treatments B.sources C.spirits D.comments50.A.supervised B.declared C.recommended D.tempted51.A.contributing B.adapting C.subjecting D.objecting52.A.moderate B.active C.negative D.suitable53.A.identifying B.investigating C.estimating D.worsening54.A.prevented B.empowered C.indicated D.restored55.A.undertaking B.invading · C.investing D.evolvingSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.Themembersofthegroupsaweachotherregularly,becausetheyallhadserioushealthproblems.Twelve-year-oldMarcwasautistic(自闭症).Buthere,inthegroupcircle,theycouldtalkaboutwhattheyfelt.Heretheycouldlistentotheothersandprovideeachotherwithsomeofthehumanattentiontheyoftensoterriblymissed.Butthatevening,theydidn’tknowhowtotalkaboutwhathadjusthappened:Paulhaddied.Thegroupwouldneveragainenjoyhisanimatedlaughter.Everyonestaredstraightahead.Onlysadnessandasenseofimpotencerosetothesurface.Nomatterwhatshetried,Jackie,thenursefacilitatingthegroup,couldn’tgetaconversationgoing.ThenJackiedescribedhowpeopleinsomecultures,whentheyweresadandwantedtosharetheirfeelingsbutcouldnotfindthewordstoexpresstheirsorrow,wouldsitinacircleandmakerhythmicmusictogether.Theneveryonepickeduponeofthedjembedrumsintheroom.Jackiebegansoftlybeatinghersandtheothersjoinedin.Boom-boom-ta,boom-boom-ta.Slowly,theylettherhythmcarrythemaway.MarchadtroublekeepingtimewiththeothersandgaveJackieafrightenedlook.Shesmiledherencouragement,andhefocusedaswellashecould.Jackiebegantoplayslowly,andtheothersfollowed.Athersign,afewbegantodrumoutoftimewiththebeat.Suddenly,therhythmofthemusicchanged.Everyonewasplayinghisorherownmelody:noonewasleadingthepark.Everyonewascarriedbythemusic.Gradually,thesadnessfounditswayout.Karin,inawheelchair,wasthefirsttothinkofhowmuchPaulhadenjoyedmakingmusicwiththerestofthegroup.Thentheotherstoldtheirownstories.Theirfaceswerewetwithtears-asweretheinstruments-butstilltherhythmcarriedthem.Theyfeltasone,witheachotherandwithPaul.Theseweretearsofsorrowandmourning,butalsoofsolidarityandconnection.Henribegantosmile,andtherestsoonjoinedhim.Therhythmquickened.Theircombinedmusicheldpowerandenergy.Marcfeltrelieved.Abroadsmilelituphisface,andtheotherswerehappytoseehimthisway.Thenthesituationhadchangedcompletely.Sorrowhadmadewayforhope.Peoplehavebeenmakingrhythmicmusicingroups,usingdrums.Itisatradition,whereinhealingtakesplacethroughthespiritandtheemotions,throughcontactwiththebodyanditssubtlepowersofself-healing.Inarecentstudy,physicianBarryBittmanshowedthatmakingrhythmicmusicinagroupaffectsourphysicalcondition.Immunecellsinparticulararestimulatedtogreateractivity.Themembersofthegroupmeetregularlyto___________________________.findasolutiontotheirhealthproblems B.tellinterestingstoriesC.sharetheirfeelingsandemotions D.playmusicinstrumentsWhydidtheystarestraightaheadthistime?Marccouldn’ttalkaboutwhathefelt. B.Paul’sdeathmadethemfeelsorrowful.C.Jackiecouldn’tfacilitateothermembers.D.Henrifoundithardtoexpresshissadness.HowdidJackieencourageMarc?A.Shegavehimanencouragingsmile. B.Shetalkedaboutherownexperiences.C.Shetaughthimhowtoplaydjembedrums. D.Shepausedandlettherhythmcarryon.59.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.Gettingtogethermakespeoplefeelsorrowful. B.It’satraditiontomakerhythmicmusic.C.Whyimmunecellsarestimulatedtogreateractivity.D.Howmusiccapturestherhythmofthesoul.(B)OverseasLearningSomersetYewWahClassroom,UKSomersetYewWahClassroomprogramisauniqueEnglishlanguageandlifeeducationprogramintheYewWahsecondarycurriculumcateredforGrade6,Grade8andGrade10students.Establishedin2006,theSomersetEnglishlearningandculturalcenterprovidesadistinctiveopportunityforstudentstoexperienceanauthenticEnglishenvironment.TheCentreislocatedinatraditionalEnglishvillageinSomersetSibley’sBarnandtheKnowleHallcampus,anewlyrenovatedVictorian-eracountryhousebuilton15acresoflandinbeautifulopenparkland,issituatedclosetoourSibleyBarn’sCentreandwasestablishedin2016.TheSomersetprogramprovidesanexcellentcross-culturalexperiencewhichenhancesself-confidence,independence,teamworkandleadershipskillsofstudents.TheSomersetprogramcontinuesuponstudents’returntoChina.WorldClassroomWorldClassroomisaconceptoflearningbeyondtheschoolbuildingwalls.Itisanextensionoftheexperimental,project-basedlearningatthecoreoftheYewWaheducationalmodel.TheWorldClassroomprogramisjustoneoftheuniqueexperienceswhichallowstudentstosamplemajorculturesoftheworld,includingEuropean,African,MiddleEastern,PacificandAnglo-American.ExperiencingChinaTheprogramprovidessecondarystudentswiththeopportunitiestogaininsightsintoChinesehistoryandculturebyvisitingvariousregionsofChina.Thisresidentialprogrambroadensstudents’understandingoftheirowncountry.Throughfirst-handcross-culturalexperiences,theprogramsincreasestudents’understandingofvariouscultures,promotecriticalthinking,andhelpstudentsdevelopanappreciationofdifferentviewpoints.Theprogramsultimatelyhelpprepareourstudentsforanevolvingmodernworldbynurturingtheircross-culturalknowledgeandskills,international-mindednessandattitudesontheirbecomingtrueglobalcitizenswithacommitmenttoservethecommunityandsociety.TripsandExcursionsTripsandexcursionsallowstudentstoenhancesocietalvisions,enrichlifeexperiencesandstrengthencommunicationandproblem-solvingskills.StudentsparticipateinHongKongHike,oneofthemosttraditionalannualoutdooractivitieswherestudentsrelyheavilyonteamworkandpersonalwillpowertoreachthedestinationswhenfacingsurvivalchallenges.“Afterthehike,hegrewintoalmostadifferentperson.Hebecamemorematureandnowcapableoftakingcareofhimself,andmoreresponsible,”saidaparentofherson.ThesequalitiesareexactlywhatHongKongHikewantstoachieve.60.WhydostudentsparticipateinSomersetYewWahclassroominUK?A.TodoresearchonBritishculturesandappreciatebeautifulviews.B.Toenhanceself-confidence,independence,teamworkandleadershipskills.C.TohaveaspecialcampustourtoSibley’sBarnandtheKnowleHall.D.ToshowtheirappreciationofBritishhistoryandtheirowncultures.61.ExperiencingChinaprogrammainlyaimstohelpstudentsto___________________.becapableoftakingcareofhimselfandtheirparentscomparelearninginChinawithlearningoverseasbroadentheirunderstandingoftheirowncountryinterpretglobalizationandpromoteChinesecultureWhatdoesthemotherofastudentthinkofHongKongHike?Itempowersstudentstohaveteamwork,willpowerandresponsibility.Ithelpsstudentstoshareabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthem.Itworksoutawaytoresolvetheconflictsbetweenparentsandthestudents.Itenhancesstudents’international-mindednessandshapesattitudestoothers.(C)THEGLOBALWASTETRADEISESSENTIALLYBROKENCutintohillsideinnorthernMalaysiastandsalarge,open-airwarehouse.Thisisarecyclingfactory,whichopenedlastNovember.OnaveryhotafternooninJanuary,ShahidAliwasworkinghisveryfirstweekonthejob.Hestoodknee-deepinsoggy,whitebitsofplastic.Aroundhim,morebitsfloatedoftheconveyorbeltandfelltothegroundlikesnowflakes.Hourafterhour,Alisortsthroughtheplasticjumblemovingdownthebelt,pickingoutpiecesthatlookoff-colororsoiled-rejects(废品)intherecyclingprocess.Thoughitlookslikebackbreakingwork,Alisaysitisagreatimprovementoverhispreviousjob,foldingbed-sheetsinanearbytextilefactory,formuchlowerpay.Now,ifheeatssimply,hecansavemoneyfromhiswagesofjustover$lanhourandsend$250amonthtohisparentsandsixbrothersandsistersinPeshawar,Pakistan,2,700milesaway,“AssoonasIheardaboutthiswork,Iaskedforajob,”saysAli,24,abeardedmanwithglassesandaneasysmile.Still,he’sworking12hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.“IfItakeadayoff,Iloseaday’swages,”hesays.Inthewarehouse,hundredsofbagsarestackedmorethan60feethigh-eachstuffedwithplasticwrappersandbagsthrownawayweeksearlierbytheiroriginalusersinCalifornia.Thefactthatthewastehastraveledtothisdistantcorneroftheplanetinthefirstplaceshowshowbadlytheglobalrecyclingeconomyhasfailedtokeeppacewithhumanity’splasticsaddiction.Thisisanecosystemthatisdeeplydysfunctional,ifnotonthepointofcollapse:About90%ofthemillionsoftonsofplastictheworldproduceseveryyearwilleventuallyendupnotrecycled,butburned,buried,ordumped.Plasticrecyclingenjoysever-widersupportamongconsumers:Puttingyogurtcontainersandjuicebottlesinabluebinisaneco-friendlyactoffaithinmillionsofhouseholds.Butfaithgoesonlysofar.Thetidalwaveofplasticitemsthatenterstherecyclingstreameachyearisincreasinglylikelytofallrightbackoutagain,casualtiesofabrokenmarket.Manyproductsthatconsumersbelieve(andindustriesclaim)are“recyclable"areinrealitynot,becauseofhardeconomics.Withoilandgaspricesnear20-yearlows,so-calledvirginplastic,aproductofpetroleumfeed-stocks,isnowfarcheaperandeasiertoobtainthanrecycledmaterial.Thatunforeseenshifthasyankedthefinancialrugoutfromunderwhatwasuntilrecentlyapracticalrecyclingindustry.“Theglobalwastetradeisessentiallybroken,”saystheheadoftheglobalplasticscampaignatGreenpeace.“Wearesittingonvastamountsofplasticwithnowheretosenditandnothingtodowithit.”63.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsShahidAli?A.Critical. B.Merciless. C.Indifferent. D.Sympathetic.64.Whatmostprobablycausestheproblemofglobalwasterecycling?A.Thepricesofoilandgashavebeenincreasing.B.Tonsofwastestravelsofarbeforebeingrecycled.C.Recyclableproductsarenotreallyrecycled.D.Governmentsdon’tsupporttherecyclingindustry.65.Whatdoestheitalicizedword“dysfunctional”meaninthepassage?A.Outofstock. B.Farfrompleased.C.Fullofenergy. D.Outoforder.66.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?A.Toillustratehowplasticwastehasbeenrecycledintheworld.B.Towarnpeoplethattheglobalwastetradeisessentiallybroken.C.Toanalyzetherelationshipbetweenconsumersandfactories.D.Tosolvetheconflictbetweentherecyclingindustryandgovernments.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Criminalsshouldpaythepriceoffindinghousingorajobandgettingqualificationsforbenefits.B.Surely,theAmericanidealofsecondchancesshouldn’tbereservedonlyfortherichandpowerful.C.Buttoooftencollateral(附随的)consequencesbearnorelationtopublicsafety.D.Wherethepenaltiesarenotamust,theyshouldbeimposedonlyifthefactsofacasesupportit.E.American’svastcriminaljusticesystemprovidescriminalswithnecessarysupportforliving.F.Lawscanrestrictorbanvoting,accesstopublichousing,andprofessionalandbusinesslicensing.MarthaStewartwascharged,triedandconvictedofacrimein2014.Asshenearedtheendofherprisonsentence,awell-knowncolumnistwrotethatshewas“payingherdues,”andthat“thereissimplynoreasonforanyonetoattempttodenyherrighttostartanew.”67Unfortunately,manyfederalandstatelawsimposepost-convictionrestrictionsonashockinglylargenumberofAmericans,whoarepreventedfromeverfullypayingtheirdebttosociety.Atleast65millionpeopleintheUnitedStateshaveacriminalrecord.Thiscanresultinseverepenalties(惩罚)thatcontinuelongafterpunishmentiscompleted.Manyofthesepenaltiesareimposedregardlessoftheseriousnessoftheoffenseortheperson’sindividualcircumstances.68Theycan