新教材2024版高中英语课时作业5Unit8LiteraturePartATopicTalk北师大版选择性必修第三册

课时作业(五)Unit8PartATopicTalkⅠ.阅读理解ASoda(苏打汽水),whilesweetandinexpensive,maynotbeworthdrinking.Sugarydrinkscanhavemanybadhealtheffects,includinga26%greaterriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)forregularsodadrinkers.Andmendrinkingonecanofsugarydrinksperdayhavea20%higherriskofhavingordyingfromaheartattackthanthosewhorarelydrinkthem.Thehealtheffectsofdrinkingsodaalsoaffectpre­schoolchildren,heighteningtheirchancesofbecomingobeseataveryyoungage.AccordingtoHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,oneinthreechildreninAmericaareobeseoroverweight,andchildhoodobesityhastripled(增至三倍)inthelast30years.Shouldgovernmentgetpeopletoreducetheirdrinkingofsodaandsugarydrinksduetohealtheffects?PeopleinSanFranciscoweregiventheopportunitytovoicetheiropiniononPropositionE,whichsuggestedasodatax(税).Thetax,whichneededtopasswithatwo­thirdsmajority,wouldhaveprovidedmoneyforhealthandphysicaleducationprograms,andthehopewasthatitwouldalsodiscouragecitizensfrombuyingunhealthydrinks.AlthoughSanFrancisco'sPropositionEfailedtobepassed,Berkeleycitizenssucceededinpassingthenation'sfirsteversugarydrinktaxontheirsimilarMeasureD.Peoplewhowereforthetaxhopedthatthepriceofsugarydrinkswoulddiscouragepeoplefrombuyingthem.Mexicorecentlyintroducedataxondrinks,which,thoughnotwellreceivedbythepublic,wassuccessfulinreducingtheamountofsodabought.Afterthetaxwasputintoeffect,Mexico'sbiggestsodaproductioncompany'ssalesdroppedby6.4%.Peoplewhowereagainstthetaxwereconcernedabouttheirrighttobuywhateverdrinkstheywanted,withoutanyadditionaltaxes.Thosewhoalsodisagreedwerethemarket,thebar,andsodaindustries,whichwouldpossiblylosemoneyfromreducedsalesofthesedrinksbecauseoftheaddedcost.AndalthoughthePropositionEtaxmoneywassupposedtogotocity­op­eratedprograms,somecitizensweredoubtfulabouthowwellthisplanwouldhavebeencarriedout.1．HarvardSchoolofPublicHealthfoundthatinAmerica________.A．sodadrinkersdoubledinrecent30yearsB．26%ofchildrenaresufferingfromdiabetesC．thenumberofobesechildrenhasincreasedgreatlyD．youngsodadrinkersoftensufferfromheartattacks2．WhatdoweknowaboutPropositionE?A．SanFranciscocitizensacceptedit.B．ItwaspassedsuccessfullyinBerkeley.C．Itaimedtoreducethesalesofsugarydrinks.D．Itwasmeanttoraisemoneyforpoorchildren.3．Accordingtothetext,thetaxinMexico________.A.helpedpreventpeoplebuyingsugarydrinksB.greatlyreducedtheproductionofsodadrinksC.receivedawarmwelcomefromthelocalcitizensD．forcedmanysodaproductioncompaniestoclosedown4．Thosewhowereagainstthetaxworriedthatitmight________.A．notbecarriedoutsmoothlyB．affecttheirrightsandinterestsC．failtoachievetheexpectedgoalD．donogoodtosocietyortheeconomyBEverybody,atsomepointinhisorherlife,hasexperiencedsetbacks.Itcouldbesomethingassimpleasnotgettingthejobyouwanted,orgettinglowermarksevenafterhardwork.Howyougetbackupafterbeinghitmakesyousuccessful.Once,ayoungschoolboywascaughtinafireaccidentinhisschoolandwasassumedthathewouldnotlive.Hismotherwastoldthathewassuretodie,fortheterriblefirehaddestroyedthelowerhalfofhisbody.Evenifheweretosurvive,hewouldbelamethroughouthislife.Butthebraveboydidnotwanttodienordidhewanttobelame.Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.Butunfortunatelyfromhiswaistdown,hehadnomotorability.Histhinlegsjusthungthere,lifeless.Eventuallyheleftthehospital.Buthisdeterminationtowalkwasunshakable.Athome,whenhewasnotinbed,hehadtostayinawheelchair.Oneday,hethrewhimselffromthechairandpulledhimselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Hereachedthefence,raisedhimselfupandthenbegandragginghimselfalongthefence,firmlydetermined.Hedidthiseveryday,withfaithinhimselfthathewouldbeabletowalkunaided.Withhisirondetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkonandoff,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.Hebegantowalktoschool,andthenrantoschool,andthenranforthejoyofrunning.Laterincollegehewasinthetrackteam.InFebruary1934,inNewYorkCity'sMadisonSquareGarden,thisyoungmanwhowasnotexpectedtosurvive,whowouldsurelyneverwalk,whocouldneverhopetorun—thisdeterminedyoungman,Dr.GlennCunningham,rantheworld'sfastestmile.Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinoneself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspiration(鼓舞人心的人)formany,andhisstoryisbrilliantevidencetoshowhowonecanbouncebackevenwhenalldifficultiesarepiledonone,tothedegreethatdeathseemsthepreferableoption.5．Whatwasthedoctor'sopinionaboutGlenn?A．Glennwasabletowalkwithhisowngreateffort.B．TherewasaslimchancethatGlenncouldsurvive.C．GreatdeterminationcouldmakeadifferencetoGlenn.D．Glenncouldliveanormallifewiththeupperhalfofhisbody.6．WhatdoweknowaboutGlenn?A．Glennpracticedwalkinginhospital.B．Glennwonfirstplaceinthemarathon.C．Glennorganizedatrackteamincollege.D．Glenninspirespeoplewithhismovingstory.7．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．StrengthenDeterminationB．StandupafterFailureC．GoafterDreamsD．FaceDifficultyBravelyⅡ.完形填空At13,Ireadamagazinefilledwithallsortsofeasytipstogogreen.Istarteddoingthat__1__.Imean,itiskindofabigdealconsideringEarthdoesn'thaveanunlimited__2__offreshwater.Myparentswerealso__3__forrecyclingandreusing,sowebecametheoneswho__4__rejectedcontainersandusedthemfor__5__，andtheoneswhocarriedourownbagstothegrocerystoreandourown__6__tothecoffeeshop.Later,Itriedtoletmy__7__flagfly!Ieithercalledouttowhoeverlitteredinpublicorcollectedmagazinesfrommyfriendsto__8__.Thenthestrangestthinghappened:peoplestarted__9__me.Onebyone,myfriendsbegantoturnoffthelights,buyrecyclednotebooks,and__10__paperbackintotheprintertomakeuseoftheother__11__.It'snotthattheywereso__12__abouttheenvironment,buttheyweredrawntomyconfidence.I'mwildaboutenvironmentalprotectionandwouldstand__13__，saying,“Yeah,thisiswhatI'minto.”__14__othersdon'tshareyourenthusiasm,theywillenvyyourconfidenceandwanttobelikeyou,andthatmeans__15__yourexample.1．A.attimes B．rightawayC．afterall D．atlast2．A.amount B．controlC．use D．flow3．A.famous B．sorryC．eager D．suitable4．A.washedout B．tookawayC．gaveout D．threwaway5．A.collection B．showC．storage D．decoration6．A.drinks B．booksC．coins D．cups7．A.noble B．highC．ambitious D．green8．A.recycle B．processC．resell D．donate9.A.serving B．copyingC．observing D．reminding10.A.pay B．takeC．feed D．turn11.A.sheet B．partC．version D．side12.A.curious B．concernedC．optimistic D．serious13．A.proudly B．politelyC．calmly D．patiently14．A.Nowthat B．EvenifC．Unless D．Before15．A.setting B．makingC．giving D．Following课时作业(五)Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇争论文。饮用碳酸饮料对健康有许多不利的影响，政府是否应当向碳酸饮料征税呢？1．答案与解析：C'微小环节理解题。由第一段中的“oneinthreechildreninAmericaare...inthelast30years”可知，哈佛公共卫生学院发觉美国有三分之一的儿童肥胖或超重，而在过去的三十年中，肥胖儿童的数量增长了三倍。2．答案与解析：C'推理推断题。由其次段中的“thehopewasthatitwouldalsodiscouragecitizensfrombuyingunhealthydrinks”可知，对碳酸饮料征税，其目的是为了劝人们不要购买不健康的饮料。3．答案与解析：A'微小环节理解题。由倒数其次段中的“wassuccessfulinreducingtheamountofsodabought...salesdroppedby6.4%”可知，墨西哥实施的饮料税收胜利降低了碳酸饮料的销量。4．答案与解析：B'推理推断题。由最终一段中的“wereconcernedabouttheirrighttobuywhateverdrinks...additionaltaxes”和“whichwouldpossiblylosemoneyfromreducedsalesofthesedrinksbecauseoftheaddedcost”可知，反对征税的人士担忧税收会损害他们的权力和利益。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲解并描述GlennCunningham在火灾中受了重伤后坚韧幸存下来，并用自己的意志力克服困难，努力训练双腿，最终成为一名优秀的田径运动员的事迹，告知我们：想要胜利，你要在被打击后重新站起来。5．答案与解析：B'考查推理推断。依据其次段中的“Hismotherwastoldthathewassuretodie”和第三段中的“Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive”可知，医生认为Glenn幸存的可能性很小。故选B。6．答案与解析：D'考查推理推断。依据最终一段中的“Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinoneself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspiration(鼓舞人心的人)formany”可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励着人们。故选D。7．答案与解析：B'考查主旨大意。通读全文并依据第一段最终一句可知，想要胜利，你要在被打击后重新站起来。故本文最佳标题是B项。Ⅱ.完形填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了作者热衷环保的健康生活。1．答案与解析：B'依据下文“Imean,itiskindofabigdealconsideringEarthdoesn'thaveanunlimited__2__offre