福建省龙岩市2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1福建省龙岩市2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Telephonehermother.B.Treatthemantolunch.C.Invitethemantoamovie.2.Howdoesthewomangotoclasses?A.Onfoot.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.3.Whyisthemanmakingthecall?A.Toapplyforajob.B.Toaskforsickleave.C.Toarrangehisworkschedule.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onthestreet.B.Atastore.C.Intheman'sworkplace.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.WhenTom'sbirthdayis.B.WhetherTomlikestakingpictures.C.Whatgiftthemanshouldprepare.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredothewoman'sfriendslive?A.Inavillage.B.Inatown.C.Inacity.7.Howdidthewomanfeelatherfriends'placeatnight?A.Relaxed.B.Excited.C.Frightened.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman'spictures?A.Professional.B.Serious.C.Basic.9.Whatdidthewomanusetotakethepictures?A.Herphone.B.Hercamera.C.Herparents'camera.10.Whatdidthewomandolastyear?A.Sheattendedacourse.B.Shedidsomeexperiments.C.Shegotabetterphone.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatwasthemandoingwhenhehurthisknee?A.Hewasrunning.B.Hewasridingabike.C.Hewasgoingdownstairs.12.Whendidthemanhurthisarm?A.Yesterdaymorning.B.Yesterdayafternoon.C.Yesterdayevening.13.Whatdoesthewomantellthemantodo?A.Takesomemedicine.B.Dosomeexamination.C.Dealwiththecutcarefully.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Jogging.B.Swimming.C.Mountainbiking.15.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning.B.Atnoon.C.Intheevening.16.Whosepartywillthespeakersgoto?A.Todd's.B.Simone's.C.Frankie's.17.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Workmates.B.Husbandandwife.C.Neighbors.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Wheredidthespeakerstayduringhervacation?A.Inatent.B.Inahotel.C.Inherfriend'shouse.19.Whatdidthespeakerdoonthefirstday?A.Sheswaminthesea.B.Sheplayedballgames.C.Sheattendedsurfinglessons.20.Howdidthespeakerspendmostofhertimeduringthevacation?A.Playingataclub.B.Stayingonthebeach.C.Walkingwithherfriends.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAreyoulookingfordestinationsofyoursummertrips?Let’scheckitout!SingaporeSingaporeisanenergeticmulticulturalcity-stateinSoutheastAsia.ItoffersauniquemixofChinese,Malay,Indian,andWesterncultures.Thecityhasanimpressiveskylineandisacenterforbusiness,shopping,anddining.VisitorscanexplorethebusymarketsofChinatown,LittleIndia,andArabStreet,aswellastheGardensbytheBayandtheMarinaBaySands.IstanbulIstanbulisacitywheretwocontinentsmeet,EuropeandAsia.ItisaculturalmeltingpotwithinfluencesfromGreek,Roman,Byzantine,andOttomanempires.Thecityfeaturesamazingarchitecture,suchastheHagiaSophiaandBlueMosque,andarichcookingscenewithtraditionalTurkishdelights.VisitorscanalsotakeaboatrideacrosstheBosphorusStraittoexploretheAsiansideofthecity.HongKongHongKongisabusyinternationalcityinChinathatcombinesEasternandWesterncultures.Thecityisfamousforitsskyscrapers,streetmarkets,anddelicioussnacks.Visitorscanexplorethecity'shistoricstreetsinCentral,takeacablecar(缆车)uptoVictoriaPeakforfascinatingviews,orvisitthegiantBuddhastatueonLantauIsland.TorontoTorontoisCanada’slargestcityandisknownforitsmulticulturalismanddiversity.Thecityishometoover140languages,andoverhalfofitspopulationwasbornoutsideofCanada.Toronto’sculturalscenereflectsthisdiversity,withnumerousfestivalscelebratingdifferentcultures,suchasCaribana,theTorontoInternationalFilmFestival,andtheTasteoftheDanforthGreekfestivalClickhereformoreinformationabouttheattractivedestinationsintheworld!1.WherecantouristsexperienceamixofancientEuropeanandAsiancultures?A.Toronto. B.HongKong C.Istanbul. D.Singapore.2.WhatisspecialaboutToronto?A.Itcoversthelargestareaofthefour. B.Thenativepeopleareinthemajority.C.Itownsarangeofstreetmarkets. D.Itofferschancestoexperiencefestivals.3.Whatdothefourdestinationshaveincommon?A.Culturaldiversity. B.Uniquearchitecture.C.Convenienttransport. D.Distinctivelanguages.〖答案〗1.C2.D3.A【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个夏季旅游目的地。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Istanbul部分的“Istanbulisacitywheretwocontinentsmeet,EuropeandAsia.ItisaculturalmeltingpotwithinfluencesfromGreek,Roman,Byzantine,andOttomanempires.(伊斯坦布尔是欧洲和亚洲两大洲交汇的城市。它是一个文化大熔炉，受到希腊、罗马、拜占庭和奥斯曼帝国的影响。)”可知，在伊斯坦布尔游客能体验到古代欧洲和亚洲文化的融合。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Toronto部分的“Toronto'sculturalscenereflectsthisdiversity,withnumerousfestivalscelebratingdifferentcultures,suchasCaribana,theTorontoInternationalFilmFestival,andtheTasteoftheDanforthGreekfestival(多伦多的文化景观反映了这种多样性，有许多庆祝不同文化的节日，例如Caribana，多伦多国际电影节和Danforth希腊节的味道)”可知，多伦多提供了体验节日的经历。故选D。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Singaporeisanenergeticmulticulturalcity-stateinSoutheastAsia.(新加坡是东南亚一个充满活力的多元文化城邦。)”，第三段的“ItisaculturalmeltingpotwithinfluencesfromGreek,Roman,Byzantine,andOttomanempires.(它是一个文化大熔炉，受到希腊、罗马、拜占庭和奥斯曼帝国的影响。)”，第四段的“HongKongisabusyinternationalcityinChinathatcombinesEasternandWesterncultures.(香港是中国一个繁忙的国际城市，融合了东西方文化。)”以及第五段的“TorontoisCanada'slargestcityandisknownforitsmulticulturalismanddiversity.(多伦多是加拿大最大的城市，以其多元文化和多样性而闻名。)”可知，这四个城市都有文化的多样性。故选A。BMalalaYousafzai,theyoungestNobelPrizewinner,isaPakistaniteenagegirl.AndsheisbestknownforherwonderfulworkpromotingtheeducationandrightsofwomenandgirlsinPakistan.Bornin1997,MalalagrewupintheSwatValleyinnorthernPakistan,wheretheleadingpartygainedcontrolin2007,andeducationforgirlsandculturalactivitieslikeplayingmusicandflyingkiteswerebanned(禁止).Despitethedangers,MalalacontinuedtoattendschoolandbecameanoutspokenspeakerforeducationalrightsforgirlsinPakistan.In2012,attheageof15,shewasshotintheheadonherwayhomefromschool.Fortunately,Malalasurvivedtheattackandcontinuedherworkfromabroad,eventuallybecomingtheyoungestpersonevertoreceivetheNobelPeacePrizein2014,attheageofjust17.Malala’sstoryprovesthepowerofculturaldiversityandtheimportanceoffightingforequalrightsandopportunitiesforalltotheworld.Herunshakabledevotiontoeducationandhelpingwomenandgirlsfortheirrightshasinspiredpeoplearoundtheworldandservesasareminderthateveninthefaceofgreatadversities,changeispossible.Inadditiontoherwork,MalalahasalsofoundedtheMalalaFund,whichaimstoprovideeducationandresourcestogirlsinsomeoftheworld'sleastdevelopedareas.Today,Malalacontinuestobealeadingvoiceinthefightforequalityandjustice,andherstoryalsoservesasapowerfulreminderoftheimportanceofpreservingandcelebratingdiversityinallitsforms.4.WhatdoesMalalaYousafzaiwantmosttoachieveforgirlsinPakistan?A.Theirrightsforvoting. B.Theiraccesstoschooling.C.Theiropportunitiesforjobs. D.Theirchancesforimportantpositions.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adversities”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Times. B.Difficulties. C.Situations. D.Puzzles.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMalalaYousafzai?A.Ambitiousandenergetic. B.Responsibleandthoughtful.C.Courageousanddetermined D.Pioneeringandadventurous.7.WhatdoesthetextmainlyfocusonaboutMalala?A.Hersurvivingthekilling. B.HerwinningtheNoblePeacePrize.C.Herseekingforjusticeforherpeople. D.Herfightingforequalrightsforfemales.〖答案〗4.B5.B6.C7.D【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。这篇短文主要介绍了巴基斯坦的一个著名女孩-—MalalaYousafzai。文章主要讲述了她为争取妇女平等而努力的事迹。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“MalalaYousafzai,theyoungestNobelPrizewinner,isaPakistaniteenagegirl.AndsheisbestknownforherwonderfulworkpromotingtheeducationandrightsofwomenandgirlsinPakistan.(马拉拉·优素福扎伊是最年轻的诺贝尔奖得主，她是一名巴基斯坦少女。她最为人所知的是她在促进巴基斯坦妇女和女孩的教育和权利方面的出色工作)”可知，马拉拉·优素福扎伊为巴基斯坦女孩争取最大的利益是接受教育，故选B。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据三段“Despitethedangers,MalalacontinuedtoattendschoolandbecameanoutspokenspeakerforeducationalrightsforgirlsinPakistan.In2012,attheageof15,shewasshotintheheadonherwayhomefromschool.(尽管有危险，马拉拉继续上学，并成为巴基斯坦女孩受教育权的直言不讳的演讲者。2012年，15岁的她在放学回家的路上头部中弹)”以及划线词所在句“Herunshakabledevotiontoeducationandhelpingwomenandgirlsfortheirrightshasinspiredpeoplearoundtheworldandservesasareminderthateveninthefaceofgreatadversities,changeispossible.(她坚定不移地致力于教育事业，帮助妇女和女童争取权利，这激励了世界各地的人们，并提醒人们，即使面临巨大的adversities，变革也是可能的)”可知，马拉拉坚定不移为致力于教育事业，帮助妇女和女童，争取平等的权利，付出了艰辛和努力，因此推动她的事情激励人们，面对艰难困境也会有改变。由此可知，划线词与B项difficulties(困难)意思相近。故选B。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Despitethedangers,MalalacontinuedtoattendschoolandbecameanoutspokenspeakerforeducationalrightsforgirlsinPakistan.In2012,attheageof15,shewasshotintheheadonherwayhomefromschool(尽管有危险，马拉拉继续上学，并成为巴基斯坦女孩受教育权的直言不讳的演讲者。2012年，15岁的她在放学回家的路上头部中弹)”和倒数第二段“Inadditiontoherwork,MalalahasalsofoundedtheMalalaFund,whichaimstoprovideeducationandresourcestogirlsinsomeoftheworld'sleastdevelopedareas.(除了她的工作，马拉拉还成立了马拉拉基金，旨在为世界上一些最不发达地区的女孩提供教育和资源)”可知，尽管马拉拉遭遇危险，但是她并没有妥协，而是继续勇敢的为妇女权利而战。由此推知，她是勇敢并坚定的。故选C。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“MalalaYousafzai,theyoungestNobelPrizewinner,isaPakistaniteenagegirl.AndsheisbestknownforherwonderfulworkpromotingtheeducationandrightsofwomenandgirlsinPakistan.(马拉拉·优素福扎伊是最年轻的诺贝尔奖得主，她是一名巴基斯坦少女。她最为人所知的是她在促进巴基斯坦妇女和女孩的教育和权利方面的出色工作)”和最后一段“Inadditiontoherwork,MalalahasalsofoundedtheMalalaFund,whichaimstoprovideeducationandresourcestogirlsinsomeoftheworld'sleastdevelopedareas.(除了她的工作，马拉拉还成立了马拉拉基金，旨在为世界上一些最不发达地区的女孩提供教育和资源)”可推知，文章主要集中马拉拉为女性争取平等权利的事迹上。故选D。CLightning(闪电)strikesmorethaneightmilliontimesadayworldwide.That’sabout93timespersecond.Whataphenomenon!Howhotisalightningbolt?About50,000°F-fivetimeshotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.Yes,itreallycanrainfrogs,fish,andotherdecidedlyoddthings.It’sararemeteorological(气象学的)event,butscientistssaystrongwindsfromatornadoorfromastormcanbepowerfulenoughtodriveanimalsandobjectshighintotheair,andtheyhavetocomedowneventually.Itisabadideatotakeashowerduringathunderstorm.Iflightninghitsyourhouse,itcantravelthroughyourplumbing(管道设备)andshockanyonewhocomesintocontactwithwaterflowingthroughit.Peoplehavebeenshockedorkilledwhilebathing,washingdishesandclothes.Thisisalsowhyindoorpoolsoftencloseduringstorms.Rubbertiresarenotwhatprotectyoufromlightningwhenyou’reinyourcar.You’reprotectedbecausewhenlightninghitsacar,ittravelsaroundtheoutsideofthemetalstructuretogettotheground.Justbecarefulnottotouchanymetalareasinside.Lightningcanstrikethesameplacetwice—anditoftendoes,especiallyobjectsthataretall,pointy,andseparated.TheEmpireStateBuilding,forexample,ishitalmost100timesayear,accordingtotheCDC.Youcanbestruckbylightningevenwhenit’snotraining.About10percentoflightningstrikestakeplacewhenthere’snorainfall.Inthe1980s,NASAflewoneairplanethrough1.496thunderstorms.Itwasstruckbylightningmorethan700times.Today,acommercialairplanewillbehitbylightningaboutonceayearonaverage,typicallywithnoilleffects.IthasbeendecadessinceaU.S.airlinerhascrashedasaresultofalightningstrike.Todealwithsuchafrequentphenomenon,everyday,twiceaday,weathertrackers,atthesametime,launchgiantballoonsfromalmost900locationsworldwide.Theballoonsmeasureabovegroundweatherdatasuchastemperature,humidity(湿气),andwindspeed,andtheyprovidevitalinformationthatmeteorologistsusetomakeforecastsandpredictlightning.8.Whatcanlightningleadtoaccordingtothetext?A.Burningeverything. B.Raininganimals.C.Shockingeverybodyoutdoors. D.Hittinganobjectforonce.9.Whatistherightthingtododuringalightningstrike?A.Takeabathathome. B.Swiminapool.C.Avoidmetalthings. D.Standunderatalltree.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Nosignofrainfallmeansnolightning.B.Effortshavebeenmadetokeepaircraftsafe.C.Commercialplanescanescapelightninghits.D.TheEmpireStateBuildingfacesmostlightningstrikes.11.Whatreducesthedamageofalightningstrike?A.Lightninglocation. B.Measurementballoons.C.Changingwinddirection. D.Weatherforecastandprediction.〖答案〗8.B9.C10.B11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章讨论了闪电的各个方面。闪电是一种世界范围内的常见现象，每天大约发生800万次，其温度可能比太阳表面还要高。这篇文章还强调了闪电的奇怪现象，以及提到了安全问题，最后，文章解释了气象追踪者发射气球来收集气象数据和预测闪电。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yes,itreallycanrainfrogs,fish,andotherdecidedlyoddthings.(是的，它真的可以下青蛙、鱼和其他绝对奇怪的东西。)”可知，它真的可以下青蛙、鱼和其他绝对奇怪的东西。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Rubbertiresarenotwhatprotectyoufromlightningwhenyou'reinyourcar.You'reprotectedbecausewhenlightninghitsacar,ittravelsaroundtheoutsideofthemetalstructuretogettotheground.Justbecarefulnottotouchanymetalareasinside.(当你在车里的时候，橡胶轮胎并不能保护你免受雷击。你受到了保护，因为当闪电击中汽车时，它会绕过金属结构的外部到达地面。只是要小心不要碰里面的金属区域。)”可知，闪电的时候，要避免触碰金属区域。故选C。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Todealwithsuchafrequentphenomenon,everyday,twiceaday,weathertrackers,atthesametime,launchgiantballoonsfromalmost900locationsworldwide.Theballoonsmeasureabovegroundweatherdatasuchastemperature,humidity(湿气),andwindspeed,andtheyprovidevitalinformationthatmeteorologistsusetomakeforecastsandpredictlightning.(为了应对这种频繁的现象，天气追踪者每天，每天两次，同时从全球近900个地点发射巨大的气球。这些气球测量地面上的天气数据，如温度、湿度和风速，并为气象学家提供重要信息，用于预测和预测闪电。)”可知，为了保证飞机的安全，已经做出了努力。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Todealwithsuchafrequentphenomenon,everyday,twiceaday,weathertrackers,atthesametime,launchgiantballoonsfromalmost900locationsworldwide.Theballoonsmeasureabovegroundweatherdatasuchastemperature,humidity(湿气),andwindspeed,andtheyprovidevitalinformationthatmeteorologistsusetomakeforecastsandpredictlightning.(为了应对这种频繁的现象，天气追踪者每天，每天两次，同时从全球近900个地点发射巨大的气球。这些气球测量地面上的天气数据，如温度、湿度和风速，并为气象学家提供重要信息，用于预测和预测闪电。)”可知，天气预报和预测闪电能够减少雷击造成的伤害。故选D。DTwelvewantstomakeagreatnumberofproductsgreenerbychangingwherethecarbonusedintheirproductioncomesfrom—takingitfromcarbondioxidecaughtintheairinsteadoffromthegroundintheformoffossilfuels.“Ifwecantakethebasiccarbonmolecule(分子)andputnewelementsaroundit,inthatcase,itcanbeusefulinindustry,”saysco-founderEtoshaCave,“wecanbasicallyshiftwhat’shappeningwithouratmosphereandwhat’shappeningwithclimatechange.”Or,asherfellowco-founderKendraKuhlputsit:“Changingcarbonchangeseverything.”Toachievethistransformation(转变),thecompanycreatedacatalyst,somethingthatbreaksdowncarbondioxidecaughtfromtheairintosmalleratomicbits,suchascarbonandoxygen,usingwaterandelectricitytorecombinetheelementsandformothercarboncompounds(混合物)thatmakeupthebasisofawiderangeofchemicalsandfuels.Twelve’scarbontransformationsystemcanbeaddedtoexistingproducingprocessesanditsendproductsusedasadirectreplacementforstandardpetrochemicals.Thatallowsothercompaniestocuttheirdependenceonfossilfuelsinproduction.“Bysourcingcarbonfromcarbondioxideinsteadoffossilfuels,wecanlargelyreduceouremissions(排放)whilekeepingtheproductsweknowandlove,”saysCave.Brandsaretakingnote.Twelve’schemicalsarecurrentlybeingusedtoproduceMercedes-Benzcarparts,alineofPangaiasunglassesandsoon.Twelvealsocreatedhisownsustainable(可持续的)fuels,E-JetandE-Marine,whichareusedtopoweraircraftandships.12.WhatallowsTwelvetomakegreenerproducts?A.Takingcarbonfromtheair.B.Transformingtheformsoffossilfuels.C.Fixingtheclimateandatmosphereproblems.D.Plantingmoretreesfornewchemicalelements.13.What’sthelastprocedureofcarbontransformation?A.Preparingwaterandelectricity.B.Collectingcarbondioxidefromtheair.C.Separatingcarbondioxideintosmallerparts.D.Rejoiningelementslikecarbonandoxygenforthemixture.14.WhatbenefitscanproducersreceivefromTwelve’ssystem?A.Reducingthecostsoftheirproducts.B.Makingthembetterknowntotheworld.C.Beinglessdependentonfossilfuelsthanever.D.Creatingmoresustainablefuelsforotherfields.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Twelve’sGreatAchievements B.GreenHouseEffectC.CarbonTransformationSystem D.LimitationsofFossilFuels〖答案〗12.A13.D14.C15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Twelve公司新研究的碳转化系统，可以从空气中的二氧化碳中获取碳，而不是从化石燃料中获取，从而减少了化石燃料的使用，达到绿色生产的目的。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Twelvewantstomakeagreatnumberofproductsgreenerbychangingwherethecarbonusedintheirproductioncomesfrom—takingitfromcarbondioxidecaughtintheairinsteadoffromthegroundintheformoffossilfuels.(Twelve希望通过改变生产过程中碳的来源，使大量产品更加环保——从空气中的二氧化碳中获取碳，而不是以化石燃料的形式从地面获取碳。)”可知，从空气中的二氧化碳中获取碳可以使Twelve公司生产出更环保的产品。故选A项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Toachievethistransformation(转变),thecompanycreatedacatalyst,somethingthatbreaksdowncarbondioxidecaughtfromtheairintosmalleratomicbits,suchascarbonandoxygen,usingwaterandelectricitytorecombinetheelementsandformothercarboncompounds(混合物)thatmakeupthebasisofawiderangeofchemicalsandfuels.(为了实现这一转变，该公司发明了一种催化剂，它可以将从空气中捕获的二氧化碳分解成更小的原子，如碳和氧，利用水和电将元素重新组合，并产生母碳化合物，这些化合物构成了广泛的化学品和燃料的基础。)”可知，碳转化的最后一个步骤应为：将碳和氧元素重新组合，产生化合物。故选D项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Twelve’scarbontransformationsystemcanbeaddedtoexistingproducingprocessesanditsendproductsusedasadirectreplacementforstandardpetrochemicals.Thatallowsothercompaniestocuttheirdependenceonfossilfuelsinproduction.(Twelve的碳转化系统可以添加到现有的生产过程中，它可以直接替代标准的石化产品。这使得其他公司在生产中减少了对化石燃料的依赖。)”可知，Twelve公司的碳转化系统使得其他公司在生产中减少了对化石燃料的依赖。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，本文主要介绍了Twelve公司研究的碳转化系统，第一段介绍了其研究目的，第二、三段介绍了该系统的转化原理，第四段介绍了该系统带来的好处，最后一段简要提到了Twelve公司的其他研究。由此可知，C项“CarbonTransformationSystem(碳转化系统)”最能概括本文内容。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TopstudyingtipsIfyoufrequentlyfindyourselfstuckinlowefficiencythoughyouspendalotoftimelearning,thefollowingstrategiesmightbeofgreathelptoyou.StudyincyclesInthe1950s,thefamoussleepresearcherNathanielKleitmandiscoveredtheSleepCycle._____16_____Weactuallyfallinandoutofdeepsleepseveraltimeseverynight.Ifwedecidetouseanalarmtoforceourselvesawakebeforeacyclecompletesitself,wewillwakeupfeelingextremelytired.Whatdoesthishavetodowithstudying?Well,itturnsoutthesecyclesdon'tonlyhappenwhileweareasleep.Wegothroughperiodsofincreasinganddecreasingfocusandenergyallday._____17_____Theoretically(理论上)weshouldbeabletogetabettersession(时段).Thisalsomeansit'sbesttoworkin90-minuteperiodbecauseafterthatourfocusstartstodecline.RelaxpurposefullySimplyput,aftereverycyclewhereyoudecidetofocushardonsomething,youneedtotakeabreakandallowyourmindtorelax.____18____Afteryoucompleteahardsetatthegymwhereyoupushedyourbodytothelimit,youneedtowaitafewminutestoregainyourstrength.Thesamethingappliestoourmind.Weneedtospend10to30minutesofrelaxingafterafocuscycle,givingourbrainabreak.____19____.____20____Ifyoufeellikeyouaresomeonewhoisunabletofocusevenduringthebest90-minutecyclesthroughouttheday,someexpertsuggestspracticingasimplemindfulnessmeditation(冥想)technique.Studieshavefoundthatdoingthisformofmeditationforatleast13minutespersessioncansharplyimproveyourabilitytofocusafterjustafewmonths.A.Improvefocusattimes.B.Thisissimilartoworkingout.C.Practicemeditationpersession.D.Ifwekeepabalancebetweenstudysessionandsleepcycle,E.Itturnsoutthatourbodiesgothrough90to110minutecycleswhilewesleep.F.Ifwedon't,chancesarethatournextsessionwon'tbeasproductiveaswe'dlike.G.Soifwecantimeastudysessionwithoneofthesecycleswithourawarenessincreasing.〖答案〗16.E17.G18.B19.F20.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些提高学习效率的策略和方法。【16题详析】上文“Inthe1950s,thefamoussleepresearcherNathanielKleitmandiscoveredtheSleepCycle.”（在20世纪50年代，著名的睡眠研究者NathanielKleitman发现了睡眠周期。）引出话题，提到睡眠周期。下文“Weactuallyfallinandoutofdeepsleepseveraltimeseverynight.”（我们实际上每天晚上都会有好几次进入和退出深度睡眠。）具体介绍睡眠周期的情况。故可推断空格处内容为与睡眠周期相关。结合选项E项“事实证明，当我们睡觉时，我们的身体会经历90到110分钟的周期。”符合此推断，也是讲的关于睡眠周期的情况，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。【17题详析】根据上文“Wegothroughperiodsofincreasinganddecreasingfocusandenergyallday.”（我们一整天都在经历注意力和精力时而增加时而减少的时期。）说明注意力和精力的实时变化。结合选项G项“因此，如果我们能够利用这些周期中的一个来安排学习时间，我们的意识就会增强。”可知，和上文形成因果关系，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。【18题详析】根据下文“Afteryoucompleteahardsetatthegymwhereyoupushedyourbodytothelimit,youneedtowaitafewminutestoregainyourstrength.”（当你在健身房完成一组艰苦的训练后，你的身体达到了极限，你需要等几分钟来恢复你的力量。）可知，这里提到关于健身的内容。结合选项B项“这和健身很相似。”和下文内容一致，都是讲的关于健身的内容，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。【19题详析】根据上文“Weneedtospend10to30minutesofrelaxingafterafocuscycle,givingourbrainabreak.”（我们需要花10到30分钟的时间来放松，让我们的大脑休息一下。）说明大脑需要休息。结合选项F项“如果我们不这样做，很可能我们的下一个会议不会像我们希望的那样富有成效。”可知，和上文语意紧密连接，下文是对上文的语意递进。故选F项。【20题详析】由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“Ifyoufeellikeyouaresomeonewhoisunabletofocusevenduringthebest90-minutecyclesthroughouttheday,someexpertsuggestspracticingasimplemindfulnessmeditation(冥想)technique.Studieshavefoundthatdoingthisformofmeditationforatleast13minutespersessioncansharplyimproveyourabilitytofocusafterjustafewmonths.”（如果你觉得自己是一个即使在一天中最好的90分钟周期中也无法集中注意力的人，一些专家建议练习一种简单的正念冥想技巧。研究发现，每次至少13分钟的冥想可以在短短几个月后显著提高你的注意力。）可知，讲的是一些专家建议练习一种简单的正念冥想技巧。结合选项C项“每次一段时间的冥想。”意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选C项。第三部分语言知识运用（共3节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。KaziMannan,arestaurantowner,isknownforfeedinganyonewhethertheycanpayfortheirmealornot.Helosthis_____21_____foreconomiccrisis(危机)resultingfromtheepidemic.Thenthelocalcommunitybegan_____22_____inthemostgenerousway.Sincearegularcustomer_____23_____acampaign(活动)onlineforhisrestaurant,Mannanhasreceivedover$331,430frommorethan710people.The_____24_____keptrollingin.“Iusedtosay‘Don’tletanybody_____25_____,andpickthemup,’”Mannansaidtohisdonors.“Youpickedmeup.Ihavetearsinmyeyes...tearsofjoy.Thankyou,_____26_____people.”Thestreamingdonations____27____Mannanasthegenerousone.Monthsago,hewasservingup80_____28_____mealstopeopleinneedeveryday.“EverytimeIsawpeoplelookingforfoodinrubbish,myheart_____29_____.”Mannansaid.Withtheepidemicworsening,thestreetsofdowntownbecame______30______aspeoplebeganworkingfromhome.Hehadto______31______hisrestaurant.Notknowingwhattodo,theregularcustomerdecidedtostartacampaignforthepopularrestaurantinNovemberlastyear.Heposted,“Wearelookingto_____32_____thisseason,sotherestaurantwon'tshutdown.Everycentis______33______importantinkeepingthisdreamandimportantcommunityresourcealive,sopleasedowhatyoucan.We______34______yoursupportandprayers.”Morethanamonthlater,withthecampaignstillgoing,peopleweresurethattherestaurantwouldmakeitthroughthosedifficulttimes.Asthesayinggoes,onegood______35______deservesanother.21.A.job B.family C.business D.savings22.A.giving B.whispering C.gathering D.struggling23.A.assessed B.supported C.entrusted D.launched24.A.comments B.donations C.advertisements D.congratulations25.A.regret B.cry C.fall D.complain26.A.generous B.independent C.responsible D.respectful27.A.prepare B.consider C.see D.promise28.A.cheap B.free C.tasty D.healthy29.A.melt B.pounded C.raced D.sank30.A.peaceful B.deserted C.odd D.orderly31.A.promote B.rescue C.decorate D.close32.A.getthrough B.gothrough C.turnto D.adaptto33.A.nearly B.equally C.slightly D.simply34.A.appreciate B.admit C.reward D.spread35.A.choice B.moral C.turn D.principle〖答案〗21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.A27.C28.B29.D30.B31.D32.A33.B34.A35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了卡兹·曼南是一家餐馆的老板，他以给任何人提供食物而出名，无论他们是否付得起饭钱。由于疫情导致的经济危机，他失去了生意。然后，当地社区开始以最慷慨的方式给予他的故事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于疫情导致的经济危机，他失去了生意。A.job工作；B.family家庭；C.business生意；D.savings储蓄。根据句意以及该句中的“foreconomiccrisis(危机)resultingfromtheepidemic.”可推知，此处为由于疫情导致的经济危机，他失去了生意。故选C项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当地社区开始以最慷慨的方式给予。A.giving给予；B.whispering窃窃私语；C.gathering聚集；D.struggling斗争。根据句意以及该句中的“inthemostgenerousway.”可推知，此处为当地社区开始以最慷慨的方式给予。故选A项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从一位老顾客在网上为他的餐厅发起活动以来，曼南已经从710多人那里收到了超过331,430美元的捐款。A.assessed评价；B.supported支持；C.entrusted委托；D.launched发动，发起。根据下文“Mannanhasreceivedover$331,430frommorethan710people.”可推知，此处为自从一位老顾客在网上为他的餐厅发起活动以来，曼南已经从710多人那里收到了超过331,430美元的捐款。故选D项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：捐款源源不断。A.comments评论；B.donations捐款；C.advertisements广告；D.congratulations祝贺。根据上文“Mannanhasreceivedover$331,430frommorethan710people.”可知，此处指的是捐款。故选B项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我过去常说，不要让任何人摔倒，把他们扶起来。A.regret后悔；B.cry哭泣；C.fall摔倒；D.complain抱怨，投诉。根据句意以及下文“andpickthemup”可知，此处为不要让任何人摔倒，把他们扶起来。故选C项。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：谢谢你们，慷慨的人们。A.generous慷慨的；B.independent独立的；C.responsible负责的；D.respectful尊敬的。根据上文“inthemostgenerousway.”以及“Ihavetearsinmyeyes...tearsofjoy.”可推知，此处为谢谢你们，慷慨的人们。故选A项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从源源不断的捐款来看，曼南是一个慷慨的人。A.prepare准备；B.consider认为；C.see看；D.promise承诺。根据句意以及该句中的“Mannanasthegenerousone.”可推知，此处为从源源不断的捐款来看，曼南是一个慷慨的人。故选C项。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个月前，他每天为有需要的人提供80份免费餐点。A.cheap便宜的；B.free免费的；C.tasty