新九年级英语暑假讲义(人教版)第03讲动词不定式-(学生版+解析)

第03讲动词不定式【学习目标】掌握动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“,有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。【基础知识】1.动词不定式作宾语。1)、在动词want,hope,wouldlike,decide,wish,choose,try,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。Ihope______(hear)fromyousoon.2)、think/find/feel/makeit+adj+todosthHefounditdifficult_______(get)tosleep.3)、stoptodosth/stopdoingsthstoptodosth停下来去做某事stopdoingsth停止正在做的事。Afterworkingforalongtime,Hehastostop_______(have)arest.Hewasverytired,sohehadtostop______(work).2、动词不定式作宾语补。1)、带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/like/wouldlike/teach/tell/want/help+sb+todosthPleaseaskhim_________(come)quickly.2)、省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let/make/hear/see/notice/have/watch+sb+dosth注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to.Hemadethebaby_______(stop)crying.Thebabywasmade___________crying.3、动词不定式作主语1)、动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2)、常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。Todosth+谓语动词+adj/n=It+谓语动词+adj/n+todosthTogetaninjectionisalittlepainful._____alittlepainful________aninjection4、动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后名词或代词+todo(介词)注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。Iwantapentowrite______.Iwantapieceofpapertowrite______.5、动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+todosth注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+todosth”.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothehospital?Canyoutellme_____________thehospital.6、动词不定式可作状语1)、动词不定式可作目的状语，在come/go/leave后面接动词不定式作目的状语。Hecamehere______(get)hisbook.2)、动词不定式可作原因状语，表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/glad/afraid/pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语。Hewasglad_______(see)hiswife.3)、动词不定式可作结果状语，在too…to…,not…enoughto…句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。Hewastootired_______(walk)on.7、动词不定式作表语be+todosth注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。Herwishis_______(become)adoctor.=_______________isherwish.8、动词不定式的否定形式在动词不定式的前面加not.Hetoldme_______(notstay)here.9、动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。1)、动词不定式符号的省略情况若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to.但两者有对比关系时，to都不能省略。Edison’smothertaughthimtowriteandread.Ihaven’tdecidedtogohomeortogotothecinema.2)、省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。Willyoutakeawalkwithme?I’mgladto.Wouldyouliketojoinmybirthdayparty?Iwouldloveto.【考点剖析】考点1、动词不定式作宾语Ourteacherpromises________aclassmeetingthisweek.A．tohave B．have C．has D．having考点2、动词不定式作宾语补足语Ourteacheraskedus________questionsingroupswhenwewereinprimaryschool.A．discuss B．todiscuss C．discussing D．discussed考点3、动词不定式作主语It’snecessaryforyou________theclassroomclean,class.A．keep B．keeping C．tokeep D．kept考点4、动词不定式作目的状语GuAilingtriestodoeverythingshecan________thegoldmedalforChina.A．winning B．towin C．win D．won考点5、“疑问词+动词不定式”结构5．Mymotheralwaysteachesmehow________waterinmydailylife.Thatreallyhelpsmedevelopagoodhabitofusingwater.A．tosave B．saving C．saved【真题演练】1．—Haveyoufinishedyourbookreportyet?—No,Ihaven’t.Iplan________itthisweekend.A．write B．wrote C．writing D．towrite2．Studentsshouldhaveoutdooractivitieseveryday________theireyesight.A．improve B．toimprove C．check D．tocheck3．BecauseofCOVID-19,thegovernmentadvisedus________tothepublicplacesless.A．going B．togo C．nottogo D．go4．It’sverykind________you________otherswhenthey’reinneed.A．for;tohelp B．of;tohelp C．for;helping D．of;helping5．Hiscousinisahumorousman.Hemakesus________allthetime.A．laughs B．laughing C．tolaugh D．laugh6．Thecommunityworkerispatientenough________totheoldhowtouseHealthCode(码).A．explain B．explains C．toexplain D．explaining7．—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Hetoldus________intheriver.A．swim B．swimming C．nottoswim D．notswim8．—MyfamilywillgoonatriptoBeijingthissummer,butwehaven’tdecided________.—Whynottakethehigh-speedrailway?A．whentoleave B．howtogetthere C．whichhoteltochoose D．howlongtostaythere9．Inthepastthepoordidn’thavewarmhouses________.A．toliveinit B．toliveinC．livingin D．toliveinthem10．TheChinesepeopleareexcited________eachotherthatChina’sShenzhouXIIIcamebacktotheearthsafely.A．tell B．telling C．totell【过关检测】一、单项选择1．Thereisnothingforyou________.A．worryabout B．toworry C．toworryabout D．worrywith2．Itisbettertoasksomeoneforadvicethan________something.A．riskdoing B．risktodo C．toriskdoing D．torisktodo3．Ifound________interesting________theanimals.A．that;tofeed B．it;tofeed C．this;feed D．it;feed4．Whenhefirsttookpartinthecompetition,hedidn’tknow________.A．howtoexpect B．whattoexpectC．whentoexpectit D．whattoexpectit5．Thepassengers’(乘客们的)familieswere________tokeepcalmassoonastheyheardthebadnews.A．toosad B．sadenough C．enoughsad D．sosad6．Inthepastthepoordidn’thavewarmhouses________.A．toliveinit B．toliveinC．livingin D．toliveinthem7．Theteacherdidallthathecould________hisstudentswiththeirEnglish.A．help B．helped C．helping D．tohelp8．Shedoesn’tknow_________herfeelings.A．tohowexpress B．howexpressto C．toexpresshow D．howtoexpress二、用所给单词的正确形式填空9．Allthepassengerstookturns________(get)onthecoach.10．Thechildisoldenough________(dress)himselfwithouthismother’shelp.11．Myfatheroftentellsme________(notdrop)rubbishcarelessly.12．Itisimpossibleforher________(finish)readingthebookwithinanhour.13．Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish________(help)her.14．Mandeephasmadeuphermind________(attend)thecourseafterwork.15．Mr.Wuhasrecommendedsomanyinterestingbookstome,butIhaven’tdecidedwhich________(read)first.三、完成句子16．要想更多地了解世界，我们有必要学好英语。Itis______________________________________toknowmoreabouttheworld.17．等下一辆公交车要花很长时间。Ittookalongtime__________________________________thenextbus.18．为了筹集足够的钱给那些无家可归者，少年们工作了一整天。______________________________collectenoughmoneyforthehomeless,theteenagershaveworkedallday.19．他想提醒我明天是她的奶奶的生日。

Shewanted______________________________thattomorrowishergrandmother’sbirthday.20．周老师告诉他上学不要再迟到。MissZhoutoldhim________________________________________________forschoolagain.第03讲动词不定式【学习目标】掌握动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“,有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。【基础知识】1.动词不定式作宾语。1)、在动词want,hope,wouldlike,decide,wish,choose,try,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。Ihope______(hear)fromyousoon.2)、think/find/feel/makeit+adj+todosthHefounditdifficult_______(get)tosleep.3)、stoptodosth/stopdoingsthstoptodosth停下来去做某事stopdoingsth停止正在做的事。Afterworkingforalongtime,Hehastostop_______(have)arest.Hewasverytired,sohehadtostop______(work).2、动词不定式作宾语补。1)、带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/like/wouldlike/teach/tell/want/help+sb+todosthPleaseaskhim_________(come)quickly.2)、省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let/make/hear/see/notice/have/watch+sb+dosth注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to.Hemadethebaby_______(stop)crying.Thebabywasmade___________crying.3、动词不定式作主语1)、动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2)、常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。Todosth+谓语动词+adj/n=It+谓语动词+adj/n+todosthTogetaninjectionisalittlepainful._____alittlepainful________aninjection4、动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后名词或代词+todo(介词)注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。Iwantapentowrite______.Iwantapieceofpapertowrite______.5、动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+todosth注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+todosth”.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothehospital?Canyoutellme_____________thehospital.6、动词不定式可作状语1)、动词不定式可作目的状语，在come/go/leave后面接动词不定式作目的状语。Hecamehere______(get)hisbook.2)、动词不定式可作原因状语，表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/glad/afraid/pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语。Hewasglad_______(see)hiswife.3)、动词不定式可作结果状语，在too…to…,not…enoughto…句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。Hewastootired_______(walk)on.7、动词不定式作表语be+todosth注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。Herwishis_______(become)adoctor.=_______________isherwish.8、动词不定式的否定形式在动词不定式的前面加not.Hetoldme_______(notstay)here.9、动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。1)、动词不定式符号的省略情况若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to.但两者有对比关系时，to都不能省略。Edison’smothertaughthimtowriteandread.Ihaven’tdecidedtogohomeortogotothecinema.2)、省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。Willyoutakeawalkwithme?I’mgladto.Wouldyouliketojoinmybirthdayparty?Iwouldloveto.【考点剖析】考点1、动词不定式作宾语Ourteacherpromises________aclassmeetingthisweek.A．tohave B．have C．has D．having答案:A【详解】句意：我们老师答应这星期开班会。考查非谓语动词，tohave动词不定式；have动词原形；has动词三单；having现在分词。promisetodosth.“承诺去做某事”，故选A。考点2、动词不定式作宾语补足语Ourteacheraskedus________questionsingroupswhenwewereinprimaryschool.A．discuss B．todiscuss C．discussing D．discussed答案:B【详解】句意：当我们上小学的时候，我们的老师让我们分组讨论问题。考查非谓语动词。asksb.todosth.“让某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，故选B。考点3、动词不定式作主语It’snecessaryforyou________theclassroomclean,class.A．keep B．keeping C．tokeep D．kept答案:C【详解】句意：同学们，保持教室清洁是必要的。考查非谓语动词。keep保持，原形；keeping保持，动名词/现在分词；tokeep不定式；kept过去式。本句是“It’s+adj.+forsb+todosth”句式，意为“做某事对某人来说是……”，可知填不定式作主语。故选C。考点4、动词不定式作目的状语GuAilingtriestodoeverythingshecan________thegoldmedalforChina.A．winning B．towin C．win D．won答案:B【详解】句意：谷爱凌尽她所能为中国赢得金牌。考点5、“疑问词+动词不定式”结构5．Mymotheralwaysteachesmehow________waterinmydailylife.Thatreallyhelpsmedevelopagoodhabitofusingwater.A．tosave B．saving C．saved答案:A【详解】句意：我妈妈总是教我如何在日常生活中节约用水。这真的帮助我养成了用水的好习惯。考查非谓语动词。save“节约”，根据空前的“teaches”可知，应该用“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语，故选A。【真题演练】1．—Haveyoufinishedyourbookreportyet?—No,Ihaven’t.Iplan________itthisweekend.A．write B．wrote C．writing D．towrite答案:D【详解】句意：——你写完读书报告了吗？——没有。我计划这个周末写。考查动词不定式作宾语。plantodosth.计划做某事，固定搭配。故选D。2．Studentsshouldhaveoutdooractivitieseveryday________theireyesight.A．improve B．toimprove C．check D．tocheck答案:B【详解】句意：学生们应该每天进行户外活动来提高视力。考查动词不定式和单词辨析。improve提高；check检查。根据“Studentsshouldhaveoutdooractivitieseveryday”可知，学生们每天进行户外活动的目的是提高视力，因此需要一个动词不定式表示目的，结合选项，toimprove符合句意。故选B。3．BecauseofCOVID-19,thegovernmentadvisedus________tothepublicplacesless.A．going B．togo C．nottogo D．go答案:B【详解】句意：由于COVID-19疫情，政府建议我们少去公共场所。考查动词不定式。根据句意及less可知，这里考查advisesbtodosth.固定搭配，表示“建议某人做某事”；故选B。4．It’sverykind________you________otherswhenthey’reinneed.A．for;tohelp B．of;tohelp C．for;helping D．of;helping答案:B【详解】句意：你真是太好了，在别人需要的时候帮助了他们。考查固定句型。分析句子结构，本句是固定句型“Itis+形容词+of/forsb.+不定式+其他”结构，it是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正主语，可据此排除后两项；形容人的特征时用介词of，而for用于指出描述对象。本句kind表示“善良的”，是“you”的特点，故选B。5．Hiscousinisahumorousman.Hemakesus________allthetime.A．laughs B．laughing C．tolaugh D．laugh答案:D【详解】句意：他的表兄是个幽默的人。他总是使我们开怀大笑。考查非谓语动词。“makesb.dosth.”意为“使某人做某事”，结合此句型可知，“使某人大笑”为“makesb.laugh”，故选D。6．Thecommunityworkerispatientenough________totheoldhowtouseHealthCode(码).A．explain B．explains C．toexplain D．explaining答案:C【详解】句意：社区工作人员有足够的耐心向老人讲解健康码的使用方法。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：be+形容词+enoughtodosth“足够……做某事”，动词不定式作结果状语，故选C。7．—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Hetoldus________intheriver.A．swim B．swimming C．nottoswim D．notswim答案:C【详解】句意：——老师刚才说了什么？——他告诉我们不要在河里游泳。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：tellsb(not)todosth“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，故选C。8．—MyfamilywillgoonatriptoBeijingthissummer,butwehaven’tdecided________.—Whynottakethehigh-speedrailway?A．whentoleave B．howtogetthere C．whichhoteltochoose D．howlongtostaythere答案:B【详解】句意：——今年夏天我们全家要去北京旅游，但是我们还没有决定怎么去。——为什么不坐高铁呢？考查疑问词+动词不定式。decide后接宾语，结合“Whynottakethehigh-speedrailway?”可知没有决定如何去，用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构“howtogetthere”表示“如何到那里”，在句中充当宾语。故选B。9．Inthepastthepoordidn’thavewarmhouses________.A．toliveinit B．toliveinC．livingin D．toliveinthem答案:B【详解】句意：在过去，穷人没有温暖的房子可供居住。考查动词不定式todo作后置定语。根据“Inthepastthepoordidn’thavewarmhouses…”可知，本题考查动词不定式todo作后置定语的用法。“tolive”作后置定语修饰“houses”，与houses构成动宾关系，不及物动词live后须加介词in。故选B。10．TheChinesepeopleareexcited________eachotherthatChina’sShenzhouXIIIcamebacktotheearthsafely.A．tell B．telling C．totell答案:C【详解】句意：中国人民激动地彼此相告，中国的神舟十三号安全返回地球。考查非谓语动词。此处填不定式作原因状语，beexcitedtodosth“做某事很激动”。故选C。【过关检测】一、单项选择1．Thereisnothingforyou________.A．worryabout B．toworry C．toworryabout D．worrywith答案:C【详解】句意：你没什么可担心的。考查非谓语动词。“There’snothingforsbtodosth”是固定句型，意为“某人没有什么事要做”，其中todo为后置定语，修饰nothing；“担心……”用worryabout来表示。故选C。2．Itisbettertoasksomeoneforadvicethan________something.A．riskdoing B．risktodo C．toriskdoing D．torisktodo答案:C【详解】句意：向人征求建议比冒险去做一些事更好。考查It固定句型和非谓语。“冒险做某事”用“riskdoingsth”来表示，动名词作宾语，排除B和D；“做某事比做某事更好”用“It’sbettertodosththantodosth”句型来表示，其中动词不定式作同类比较。故选C。3．Ifound________interesting________theanimals.A．that;tofeed B．it;tofeed C．this;feed D．it;feed答案:B【详解】句意：我发现喂动物很有趣。考查固定句型。“发现做某事很有趣”用finditinterestingtodosth来表示，其中it为形式宾语，todosth为真正的宾语。故选B。4．Whenhefirsttookpartinthecompetition,hedidn’tknow________.A．howtoexpect B．whattoexpectC．whentoexpectit D．whattoexpectit答案:B【详解】句意：当他首次参加这个竞赛时，他不知道能期待些什么。考查特殊疑问词+不定式。expect“期待”是及物动词，whattoexpect意为“期待什么”，what充当其宾语。故选B。5．Thepassengers’(乘客们的)familieswere________tokeepcalmassoonastheyheardthebadnews.A．toosad B．sadenough C．enoughsad D．sosad答案:A【详解】句意：乘客的家人一听到这个坏消息就非常难过，无法保持冷静。考查非谓语动词。so＋adj./adv.＋that从句“如此……以致于……”；adj./adv.+enoughtodo“足够……做某事”；too…to…“太……不能……”；enough修饰形容词/副词要后置，排除B；根据“assoonastheyheardthebadnews”可知此处指“一听到这个坏消息就非常难过，无法保持冷静”含有否定意义，用too…to…句式。故选A。6．Inthepastthepoordidn’thavewarmhouses________.A．toliveinit B．toliveinC．livingin D．toliveinthem答案:B【详解】句意：在过去，穷人没有温暖的房子可供居住。考查动词不定式todo作后置定语。根据“Inthepastthepoordidn’thavewarmhouses…”可知，本题考查动词不定式todo作后置定语的用法。“tolive”作后置定语修饰“houses”，与houses构成动宾关系，不及物动词live后须加介词in。故选B。7．Theteacherdidallthathecould________hisstudentswiththeirEnglish.A．help B．helped C．helping D．tohelp答案:D【详解】句意：老师竭尽所能来帮助学生学习英语。考查非谓语动词。根据“Theteacherdidallthathecould”可判断，“老师竭尽所能”与“帮助学生”存在目的关系，介词“to”表示目的，后面用动词原形，这里不定式作目的状语。故选D。8．Shedoesn’tknow_________herfeelings.A．tohowexpress B．howexpressto C．toexpresshow D．howtoexpress答案:D【详解】句意：她不知道如何表达她的感情。考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。结合成分分析和选项可知，此处应用“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构作宾语，表达“不知道如何表达感情”的意思。故选D。二、用所给单词的正确形式填空9．Allthepassengerstookturns________(get)onthecoach.答案:toget【详解】句意：所有乘客轮流上车。谓语动词tookturns表示“轮流、依次”，在此指排队，动词短语getonthecoach“上大巴车”是排队的目的，应用动词不定式来表示。故填toget。10．Thechildisoldenough________(dress)himselfwithouthismother’shelp.答案:todress【详解】句意：孩子长大了，可以不用妈妈帮忙穿衣服了。dress“穿衣”，此处是结构“adj.+enoughtodosth.”，意为“足够……做某事”。故填todress。11．Myfatheroftentellsme________(notdrop)rubbishcarelessly.答案:nottodrop【详解】句意：我的爸爸经常告诉我不要随便乱扔垃圾。tellsb.nottodosth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，因此空格处应填入nottodrop。故填nottodrop。12．Itisimpossibleforher________(finish)readingthebookwithinanhour.答案:tofinish【详解】句意：让她在一小时内读完这本书是不可能的。本句是Itis+形容词+forsbtodosth句型，表示“对某人来说做某事是怎样的”，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填tofinish。13．Ithinkthisistheveryworkt