Unit3DiverseCulturesDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件高一英语人教版2

Unit3DiverseCulturesDiscoveringUsefulStructures省略2Step1.Leadin①A:Ifeelsorrytoseethatthesoldierslosttheirlivesinthebattlefield.B:Metoo!Readandpayattentiontothewordsinred.3Readandpayattentiontothewordsinred.③A:Let’strysomeRussianfood.B:Can’twait!4④Whatakindandwiseperson(heis)!Readandpayattentiontothewordsinred.Whatgrammaticalphenomenon(语法现象）isit?1.Whatisellipsis?Ellipsismeansleavingoutwordsratherthanrepeatingthemunnecessarily.2.Inwhatkindofsentencewillellipsisbeused?simplesentence(简单句)compoundsentence

(并列句)complexsentence(复合句)为避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。一、简单句的省略①(You)Godownthisstreetandturnrightatthesecondcrossing.Step2.Presentation②(Isthere)Anythingelse?③—AreyoufromAmerica?—Yes，Iam(fromAmerica).④Whatabeautifulcity(itis)!⑤Whatamixtureofculture(itwas)here!①祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语____________。②Therebe句型省略____________。③疑问句的答语省略。④感叹句的省略。在what和how引起的感叹句中常省略______________。youTherebe主语和be动词二、并列句中的省略①Tompickedupthetoyfromthefloorand(Tom)handedittohisbrother.②YuzuruHanyu’sperformancemadeusamused，but(hisperformancemade)himselftired.③Tommusthavebeenplayingfootballatthattime，andhissister(musthavebeen)playingthepiano.①省略共同的____________或宾语。②若主语与谓语相同，则省略后面的____________成分。③若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词____________，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。主语主谓相同Step2.Presentation三、复合句中的省略1.定语从句的省略1.Weadmiretheman(whom)youaretalkingabout.在限制性定语从句中，作____语的关系代词which,that,whom可以省略,但在介词前置或非限制性定语从句中不可省略。宾Hongkongisacitythat/whichI’vedreamtaboutvisitingformanyyears.2.Theman(whois)sittingbythewindowisMr.Smith.在限制性定语从句中，可以省略从句的

和

。关系代词

be动词⑵修饰way的关系词that/inwhich可以省略。3.Thewayhespeakstousisreallyannoying.(inwhich)(that)(/)2.宾语从句的省略Hesaid(that)Wuhanisagreatcityandthathewouldvisitthecitynextsummervacation.IknowthatSuYimingwillcometoourcitybutIdon’tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity).(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词____________一般可以省略，但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上由____________引导的宾语从句时，那么只有第一个that可以省略。(2)when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。thatthatStep2.PresentationIknowhewaslate,butIdon’tknowwhyhewaslate.Iknowhewaslate,butIdon’tknowwhy.3.状语从句的省略When(thenovelis)published，thenovelwillbecomeoneofthebestsellersoftheyear.HerunsasfastasBob(runs).(1)当when，while，if，asif，though，as，until，unless等连接的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be动词或从句的主语为it时，省略状语从句中的_______________。省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。主语和be动词If(Iwere)givenanotherchance,IwouldpayavisttoHongkongagain!四、虚拟语气中的省略Hadyoucomehereyesterday，youwouldwatchthegame.如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会观看比赛了。Weinsistedthatthey(should)finishthemeal.我们坚决要求他吃晚饭。Itisnecessarythatwe(should)keepcalminfaceofdanger.我们有必要面对危险时保持冷静。(1)虚拟条件句常省略____________，将were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。(2)在一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(suggest，propose，advise)，四要求(demand，require，request，desire)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及Itisstrange/natural/necessary/importantthat...从句中常省略____________。ifshould1.动词不定式的省略。①Youcan’tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe’snotreadytoanswerthequestion.五、其他省略情况⑴当不定式在形容词afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。(

)①WeoftenhearhersinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.②SheisoftenheardtosinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.⑵使役动词，如make,let,have等和感官动词，如see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。(被动语态)

①Helikestoswimmorethan(to)skate.②Hebelievesitimportanttostudyratherthantomakefriends.⑶并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，则不能省略to。(比较)

①②⑷当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,know,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等。--Willyougowithme?--Well,I’dliketo(gowithyou).--Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?--No,wecan’taffordto(gototheseaside).①Allhecoulddowasnothingbut

waitandsee.②Wehadnoalternativebuttowait.⑸介词but,except前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。①Theydidn’tvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughttovisittheirparents.⑹当不定式在begoingto,beableto,haveto,oughtto,usedto后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。()②Hedidn’tcome,butheoughttohave.③--Areyouafarmer?--No,butIusedtobe.(come)(afarmer)Attention：省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。补全以下句子当中可以省略的部分。2–Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.

–Well,heought

tohave.1.Hedidn’tcome，butheoughttohave(come).2.Isawhimentertheroomjustnow.＝Hewasseentoentertheroomjustnowbyme.3.Icandonothingbutwait.4.Hiswishistoearnalotofmoneyand(to)buyhisfamilyabighouse.5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier，nottomakeitmoredifficult.小结：(1)有些动词(词组)，如want，wish，expect，hope，wouldlike，try，forget等后面的不定式作____________语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到____________，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。(2)感官动词(词组)see，lookat，hear，listento，notice，watch等和使役动词make，let，have等的后面作宾补的不定式要省略____________；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。(3)在某些句式中，如介词but，except前有动词do的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略____________。(4)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面省去____________；但如果两个不定式表示对比、对照关系时，则to不可省略。宾totototoIwillhelp

(to)

doitforyou.Iwillhelpyou

(to)

doit.3help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带。2.介词的省略Shespendshalfanhour(in)doingsomeexerciseseveryday.Wehaveamid-termexam(in)everyterm.(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的____________词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词。如spendtime/money(in)doingsth；havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth；prevent/stopsb(from)doingsth。(2)表示____________的介词at，on和in在next，last，this，each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。介时间Step2.Presentation一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略。常见的结构有:①havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth②bebusy(in)doingsth③spendsometime(in)doingsth④stop/preventsb(from)doingsth⑤Thereisnosense/point(in)doingsth3.替代性省略—Cantheysolvethepromlembythemselves?他们能自己解决那个问题吗？—Ithinkso.我认为能。—Idon’tthinkso./Ithinknot.我认为不能。英语中，可以使用so，____________或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。hope，guess，beafraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。 —Theboysmissedtheflightbecauseofthetrafficjam,didn’tthey? —Iguessnot.

notStep2.Presentation3.替代性省略

使用so,not等时的省略。在英语中，可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。--Canyoufinishyourworktoday?--

(我认为能。)--

(我认为不能。)Ithinkso.Idon’tthinkso./Ithinknot4.比较结构的省略Thesooner(youdoit)，thebetter(itwillbe).(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中和由____________和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。thanStep2.PresentationSummaryDiscoveringUsefulStructures——省略用省略结构改写下列句子①Isthereanyoneheretowaitonus?→__________________________________________________________②HeisaprogrammerandIamaprogrammer，too.→_________________________________________________________________③Itsoundsinteresting.→_________________________________________________________________④Whatacleverboyheis!→_________________________________________________________________Anyoneheretowaitonus?HeisaprogrammerandIam，too.Soundsinteresting.Whatacleverboy!Practice用省略结构改写下列句子①Iworkinafactoryandmybrotherworksonafarm.→Iworkinafactoryand________________________.②We’reboundtowinsomeday，butwhenarewetowin?→We’reboundtowinsomeday，but____________？mybrotheronafarmwhenPractice用省略结构改写下列复合句①Whoisthemanwhomyouweretalkingto?→Whoistheman________________________？②Someonehasusedmymobilephone，butIdon’tknowwhohasusedit.→Someonehasusedmymobilephone，butIdon’tknow____________.③Whenitisheated，apieceoficewillturnintowater.→________________，apieceoficewillturnintowater.youweretalkingtowhoWhenheatedPractice④Althoughhewashard-working，hecouldn’tearnenoughtosupporthimself.→_______________________，hecouldn’tearnenoughtosupporthimself.⑤He’sthemanthatyoucansafelydependon.→He’stheman________________________.⑥Theydon’tusemorewaterthanitisnecessary.→Theydon’tusemorewater________________________.Althoughhard-workingyoucansafelydependonthannecessaryPractice用省略结构改写下列各句①Ifshewerehere，shewouldagreetoo.→________________________，shewouldagreetoo.②Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.→Heorderedthat________________________.③IfThomasEdisonhadstoredhismoney，hewouldhavediedawealthyman.→__________________________________，hewouldhavediedawealthyman.Were