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/中级口译口试讲义第一章口译综述一、口试部分简介1、常见选题①选择性、辩论性话题②热点问题:西部大开发、北京申奥等③校园文化话题④社会现象、成功、快乐、国家政策等2、口语应试技巧①多与英美国家人士交流、沟通②通过原版外片提高语感③背诵好的演讲稿④阅读报纸,提高词汇量,充实知识量⑤平日进行作文练习3、口语考试常见问题:①因为紧张忘记事先准备的例子②表达不流利4、口译考试介绍二、口译实考体验口译基本功1、考生具备较高语言水平2、丰富词汇量、流利的表达3、准确的发音4、较高的文化修养5、很好的心理素质6、很强的记忆力7、较强的理解力、分析力、应变能力中外合资是一种互补互惠的合作关系.外国在华投资可以最大限度地发挥各自的优势。ASino—foreignjointventureisamutuallycomplementaryandbeneficialpartnership。ForeigninvestmentinChinacanmaximizethestrengthsofbothpartiesconcerned.我国幅员辽阔、资源丰富、劳动力低廉、消费市场潜力大。此外我们还有稳定的政治社会环境和优惠的投资政策。Ourcountryhasmassiveland,abundantresources,cheaplaborandapotentialconsumermarket,inadditiontothestablepoliticalandsocialenvironmentandfavorableinvestmentpolicies.发达国家有雄厚的资金、先进的技术和管理知识。投资兴办合资企业时,外方可以提供资金、机械、技术和管理方法。Developedcountrieshavesufficientfunds,advancedtechnologyandmanagerialexpertise.Whenestablishingajointventure,aforeignpartnermaybringintothecooperativebusinesscapitalfunds,machinery,advancedtechnologyandmanagement。中方可以提供土地、劳工和部分资金。应该说,这种投资方法对合作双方来说,具有丰厚的经济回报率。TheChinesepartner,ontheotherhand,maysupplyland,laborandaportionofthefunds.Therefore,thistypeofinvestmentissupposedtoyieldfateconomicreturnsforbothpartiesinthepartnership。三、近年中口考试特点1、课本内容仅占1/4,其余内容来自口译实例。2、英译汉部分较难。3、汉译英通常都可以听懂,但考生翻译时往往出现词汇量匮乏的问题。4、注重平日口译技能的综合培养。口译技能:听力理解词汇量记笔记表达能力《中级口译考试备考精要》上海新东方考场描述:Mynameis…MyRegistrationnumberis0509000123.Mytopictodayis…四、口译的概述和定义Whatisinterpretation?Interpretationisanextemporeoralreproduction,inonelanguage,ofwhatissaidinanotherlanguage。Themostwidely—usedformsofinterpretationInterpretationmayassumeeitherofthefollowingtwoforms:consecutiveinterpretation(CI)andsimultaneousinterpretation(SI)。InSI,well—equippedboothsarenecessary.InterpretationProcess理解—--—-————记忆-—--——----再现(表达)理解是关键InterpretationcriterionFaithfultotheoriginalmessageandsmoothinthetargetlanguage.准、顺、快口译课的目标1、Tobetterstudents’English;发音要改善,口语要流利,听力要提高,词汇要扩大2、Tointroduceandpracticeinterpretationskills(nottips);STMNote-takingParaphrasing3、Toenlargestudents’scopeofknowledge,includingLK,ELKﻬ课本的使用《英语中级口译资格证书考试中级口译教程第二版》梅德明《英语高级口译全真试题集》新东方《中级口译备考精要》新东方(注:教师讲解过程中涉及到的文章已经全部收录在网络课堂的电子讲义中)AnIntermediateCourseofInterpretationbyProf。MeiDemingasmainlinetextbook;Wewon’tdealwitheachtext,though.Wewillbelookingattheimportantstuffinthebook:sentencestructuresandvocabulary。第二章礼仪性口译《英语中级口译资格证书考试中级口译教程第二版》梅德明注:教师讲课过程中涉及到的全部课本内容,已经完整收录在我们的电子讲义中。一、vocabularywork词汇预热一world—renowned世界闻名diversity多样化dynamism充满活力aspecialregard特殊的敬意nostalgic怀旧的、思乡的memorable值得回忆的utmostcourtesy非常的礼貌extensive广泛的overshadow使……黯然失色non-governmentalsector民间组织foundations基金会mutualbenefit互惠互利goodfaith良好的诚意strategicrelationship战略关系flourish兴旺繁荣mutual的搭配mutual可以和这些词搭配mutualrespect/benefit/understandingmutualtrust/confidence/courtesy(礼尚往来)mutualequality/complementarityourmutualfriend我们共同的朋友mutualaid互助mutualpromise相互的约定bymutualconsent双方同意mutualaffection相爱二、ExpressingThanksPermitmefirsttothankyou,ourChinesehosts,foryourextraordinaryarrangementsandhospitality.MywifeandI,aswellasourentireparty,aredeeplygrateful.首先,请允许我感谢中国东道主的精心安排与好客,我夫人与我,以及代表团的全体人员,都深为感激.Thankyouverymuchforyourkindwordsofwelcome.Thisisahappyandmemorableoccasionformepersonallyaswellasforthemembersofmydelegation.我非常感谢阁下的友好欢迎辞,对我本人以及代表团所有成员来说,这是愉快而难忘的一天。Inclosing,mayIsayagainhowdelightedandprivilegedwearetobeinyourcountry.Wearedeeplygratefulforwhatyouhavedoneforussinceourarrivalinyourcountry.在我结束讲话之前,我想再说一遍,我们来贵国作客是多么的愉快和荣幸。对于我们抵达贵国后你们为我们所做的一切,我们深表感谢.Onbehalfofallmycolleaguespresenthere,IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousthroughouttheworld.Iparticularlywanttopaytribute,notonlytothosewhopreparedthemagnificentdinner,butalsotothosewhohaveprovidedthesplendidmusic。我谨代表在座的所有的同事,对你们那独有的、著称于世的款待表示感谢。我不仅要感谢特别感谢为我们准备晚宴的人们,而且还要特别感谢演奏优美音乐的人们。表示感谢的常用形式Onbehalfof…Formyselfandforourentiredelegation,Onbehalfofallthemembersofmydelegationandinmyownname,ForourGroupandmyself,主体结构:I'dliketoexpress/extendmyheartfeltthankstoyou/warmgratitudeheartygratefulness/sincerethankstoyouandthroughyoutoMr。Smithforyourkindinvitation(tovisitChina/tothisfair。)/kindhospitality/warmwelcome/forgivingthisgrandbanquet。/forinvitingustosuchamarvelousdinnertonight.1.I’dliketotakeadvantageofthisopportunitytoexpressmyearnestgratitudeforyourhelp。我愿借此机会向你们的帮助表示衷心的感谢。2.Ishouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudeforyourgraciousreceptionandhospitality.我愿向你们盛情的接待与款待表示衷心的感谢。3.Pleaseacceptoursincerethanksforyourkindinvitation.请接受我们对你友好邀请的真诚感谢。4.Thankyouverymuchforgivingmesuchanexcellentopportunitytovisitthisbeautifulcityandworkwithyou.非常感谢你们给我这个极好的机会让我来访问这个美丽的城市并和你们共事.5。Iamveryhappytohavethissecondchanceofjoyfulgatheringwithyou。我非常高兴和你们再次相聚。6。IwouldliketothankSirBroers,Vice-Chancellor,fortheinvitation,whichbringsmetothefamousCambridgeUniversity.非常感谢布鲁尔斯校长的邀请,使我来到久负盛名的剑桥大学。三、which从句Thisisbasicallyacorrectobservation,whichsayssomethingabouttheAmericanwayoflife.这种看法基本上是正确的,它反映了美国人的生活方式.Greyhoundisthelargestlongdistancecoachcompany,whichoffersthemonthlypass.“灰狗”汽车公司是美国最大的长途汽车公司,有月票出售。Thosewerehappydays.Theyweregooddays,importantdays。Wewerepartofthedramaticprocesswhichbroughtusbacktogetherandsetusontheroadtoagenuinefriendlyandcooperativerelationship.我们参与了那富有戏剧性的转变过程,它使我们重新走到一起,使我们踏上了通往建立一种真诚友好与合作关系的道路。Myvisitisasymbolofthegoodfaithwithwhichweseektobuildupthestrengthofourfriendship,ourculturalandcommercialtiesandourimportantstrategicrelationship。我的访问是良好诚意的象征,我们怀着这种良好诚意,希望能在友谊的基础上建立文化和商业关系,建立重要的战略关系。Onbehalfofallmycolleaguespresenthere,IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousthroughouttheworld。我谨代表我在座的所有同事,对你们那独有的、著称于世的款待表示感谢。So,letusstartalongmarchtogetherondifferentroadsleadingtothesamegoal,thegoalofbuildingaworldstructureofpeaceandjusticeinwhichallmaystandtogetherwithequaldignityandinwhicheachnation,largeorsmall,hasarighttodetermineitsownformofgovernment,itsowncourseofdevelopment,freeofoutsideinterferenceordomination.所以,让我们沿着通往共同目标的不同的道路,一起开始新的长征。这个目标就是建立一个和平与正义的世界,在这个世界里所有人都可以站在一起享有同等的尊严,所有国家无论其大小,都有权决定自己的政府形式,选择自己的发展道路,而不受外来干涉或统治.Inthatspirit,Iaskallofyoupresenttojoinmeinraisingyourglassestothefriendshipandcooperationofourtwopeopleswhichcanleadtofriendshipandpeaceforallpeoplesintheworld.本着这种精神,我敬请各位与我一起举杯,为我们两国人民之间的友谊与合作干杯,这种友谊与合作能够带给全世界人民友谊与和平。四、口译实考题分析Iwishtotakethisopportunitytothankyouonbehalfofallmycolleaguesforyourwarmreceptionandhospitality。//我愿借此机会,谨代表我所有的同事们,对你们热情的迎接和款待表示感谢。ThepastfivedaysinChinahavebeentrulypleasantandenjoyableandmostmemorable.在中国度过的这五天,令人愉快,难以忘怀。IparticularlywanttopaytributetoourChinesepartnersfortheirsincerecooperationandsupportinconcludingtheseagreements.我特别要称颂我们的中国合作者,他们的真诚合作与支持使这项协议得以签署。MayIaskallofyoupresentheretojoinmeinraisingyourglasses,tothelastingfriendshipandcooperationbetweenourtwocompanies.我敬请各位与我一起举杯,为我们两家公司的永久友谊和合作而干杯。五、vocabularywork词汇预热二YourExcellency阁下cradleofcivilization文明的摇篮renewoldfriendship重温旧情establishnewcontacts结交新友aconstantsourceofencouragement不断的鼓舞inthepursuitof追求acommonaspiration共同的愿望endeavor=tryintheserviceof造福于inclosing最后privileged荣幸的proposeatoast提议……干杯cheers干杯称呼LadiesandgentlemenYourExcellency,MyChinesefriendsRespectedMr.chairman,ladiesandgentlemenMr。president"YourExcellency,Mr.Minister,”Lessformally,onemayaddressgovernmentofficialsas:"Mr。Director,""Mr.Minister,"”Mr。President,"relatedotherexpressions:Your/His/HermajestyYour/His/HerHighness/Excellency/RoyalHighnessYour/His/HerHonor/Excellency/MadamMr.Smith,LadiesandGentlemen,Mr.andMrs。Smith(”Dr。andMrs.Green"ifapplicable)六、招待口译常用句型、搭配1、称呼常用搭配graciousinvitationonthebasisofmutualrespectandequality,andmutualbenefit;warmwelcomegenerous/incomparablehospitalityextraordinaryarrangement(精心安排)peace,stabilityandprosperity2、英语的名词转换成汉语的动词We,therefore,welcometheinterestandunderstandingthatChinahasshownregardingtheproblemsofandpositionstakenbysmallanddevelopingcountries。China’ssupportisaconstantsourceofencouragementtousinthepursuitofthegoalsofdevelopingandmaintainingtheindependenceofourcountry。我们因而欢迎中国关注和理解小国和发展中国家所遇到的问题以及所持的立场。中国的支持始终鼓励着我们追求发展与保持我国独立的立场。Ilookforward,inthenextfewdays,totheopportunityoflearningsomethingfromyourendeavourandexperienceinpromotingeconomicandsocialdevelopmentintheserviceofyourpeople.我期待着在今后的几天里有机会向你们学习,从你们为造福人们而促进经济和社会发展的奋斗和经验中学到一些东西.I’dliketotakethisopportunitytoextendtoYourExcellencyaninvitationtovisitmycountry,sothatwewillhaveanopportunitytoreturnthewarmwelcomeandgeneroushospitalityyouextendedtous.我愿意借此机会邀请阁下访问我国,以便我们能有机会回报你们给予我们的热情欢迎和盛情款待。3、祝酒MayIproposeatoastTothehealthofYourExcellency,TothehealthofalltheChinesefriends,Cheers!现在由我祝酒为阁下的身体健康,为所有中国朋友的身体健康,干杯!MayIaskyoutojoinmeinatoasttothefriendshipandcooperationbetweenourtwocities.NowIwouldliketoinviteyoutojoinmeinatoasttothefriendshipandcooperationbetweenourtwocities。LadiesandGentlemen,allowmetoproposeatoast.Withthewineofthehost,IrequestyoualltoraiseyourglassesanddrinktothehealthofSmith!4、实战练习Thankyouverymuchforyourgraciousspeechofwelcome。Chinaisoneoftheearliestcradlesofcivilizationandavisittothisancientcivilizationhaslongbeenmydream.我非常感谢您热情友好的欢迎词.中国是最古老的文明摇篮之一,访问这个文明古国是我多年梦寐以求的愿望。Thisvisitwillgivemeanexcellentopportunitytomeetoldfriendsandestablishnewcontacts.这次访问给与我一次极好的机会拜访老朋友,结交新朋友。IwishtosayagainthatIamsodelightedandprivilegedtovisityourgreatcountryandthislovelytown.我为自己能访问伟大的贵国和这座美丽的城市,再次表达我的愉快之情和荣幸之感.IamdeeplygratefulforeverythingyouhavedoneformesincemyarrivalinChina.我对您为我到达贵国后所作的一切安排深表谢意。第三章中国传统文化一、“传统节日”单词预热vocabularywork烹调cookingcuisine鱼肉满架wellstockedwithfishandmeat象征意义symbolicsignificance农历lunarcalendar阳历solarcalendar端午节DragonBoatFestival元宵节LanternFestival清明节PureBrightnessDay重阳节DoubleNinthDay放逐beexiled忠臣loyalminister糯米粽子glutinousricedumplingswrappedinbambooleaves祭祀亡灵inmemoryofsb.龙舟比赛dragonboatraces中秋节MidAutumnFestival满月fullmoon月饼mooncake蜜饯preservedfruits豆沙beanpaste蛋黄eggyolk海鲜seafood家禽poultry饺子dumplings八宝饭eighttreasurerice米羹riceballs油条friedsticks麻花friedtwistedstick炒面Chaomian叉烧包steamedbunwithroastpork粥porridge芋头taro葱油饼pan-friedcakewithsesameseedsandgreenonion有关春节的常用词放鞭炮letofffirecrackers耍龙灯playthedragonlantern耍狮子playtheliondance拜年payanew—yearcall二、有关“介绍”的翻译我很高兴向各位介绍中国的主要传统节日。IamveryhappytohavetheopportunitytotalktoyouaboutmajortraditionalChineseholidays.表示“介绍情况"时,我们可以这样翻译:1。tosharewithyoubriefinformation在此,我愿意向朋友们介绍这些方面的情况。I’dliketosharewithyoubriefinformationinthisrespect.2.tobriefyouon借此机会,我愿意向各位朋友介绍中国加入世贸组织和参与经济全球化的有关情况.IwouldliketoavailmyselfofthisopportunitytobriefyouonChina'saccessiontoWTOandparticipationineconomicglobalization.3.togiveabriefaccountof我简单介绍我厂的情况。Letme,firstofall,giveyouabriefaccountofthisfactory.在来宾们参观我校之前,请允许我简要介绍一下我校的概况.Beforeyoustarttolookaround,Iwouldliketogiveyouabriefaccountofourschool。4。totellushow/what请主席先生介绍一下中国农村扶贫运动的情况。WillMr。Chairmantellushowtheanti-povertydriveisgoingoninChina?5.toshowyou我想向您介绍一下我们初步拟定的活动日程。Iwouldliketoshowyouourtentativeitinerary.6。toprovidesb.withsomeinformation借此机会,向各位介绍上海经济发展和开展国际经贸交往的一些情况。I’dliketotakethisopportunitytoprovideyouwithsomeinformationaboutShanghai’seconomicdevelopmentanditsforeigntrade。7.shareapieceofmymind三、实考题分析中国的传统节庆膳食除了在数量和质量上与平时有所不同之外,一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。Traditionalholidaymealsaredifferentfromeverydaymealsintermsofquantityandquality.Inaddition,somefoodswithalonghistoryandsymbolicsignificanceareindispensableontheseoccasions。例如,我国的端午节是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天,人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子。Forexample,ontheDragonBoatFestival,adaysetasideinmemoryoftheancientpoetQuYuan,peoplewillholddragonboatracesandeatzongzi,akindofglutinousricedumplingswrappedinbambooleaves.中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满,象征着家庭团聚。因此,中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼.TheMid-autumnFestivalisanoccasionforviewingthefullmoon。Theroundmoonisasymbolforcompleteness,andfamilyreunion.Thespecialfoodofthedayistheyuebing,aroundmooncake.春节是中国的农历新年,除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外,人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统菜肴,如饺子和年糕。TheSpringFestivalistheChineselunarNewYear'sholiday.Inadditiontothepopularseafood,poultryandmeat,peoplewillpreparetraditionalfood,forexample,jiaozi,orboileddumplings,andniangao,ortheyearcakeaccordingtotheirregionalcustom.四、“武术”单词预热vocabularywork武术martialart武术宫martialartpalace健身bodybuilding减肥loseweight填写登记表fillinaform会员卡membershipcard古代格斗术formofcombat习武practicemartialart中国武术协会ChineseMartialArtsAssociation扣人心弦的表演thrillingperformance杂技acrobatics顶尖/身怀绝技/无懈可击的top/first-rate/武林高手professionalmartialartistwarrior,sumono,knight,errant,martialartist,swordsman单句翻译练习:武术又称功夫,在中国已经有1000年历史了。Wushu,knownasKongfuormartialarts,hasahistoryofathousandyearsinChina。中国的劳动人民练习武术以强身健体和自我保护,武术至今仍大受欢迎。TheworkingpeopleinChinapracticeWushuforphysicaltrainingandself—defenseandWushuisstillimmenselypopulartoday.中国武术还引起了外国人的兴趣,在全世界不少国家,都有人学习武术.ChineseWushuhasalsoarousedinterestamongforeignersandistaughtinmanycountriesthroughouttheworld.练习武术有各种各样的固定套路,有的要赤手空拳,有的要拿武器.Wushuispracticedinvarioustypesofsetexercises,eitherbare-handedorwithweapons.武术是中国特有的民族运动,它可以锻炼身体,培养意志力,训练打斗技巧。AuniqueChinesenationalsport,Wushubuildsstrongbodies,steelsthewillpowerandgivestraininginfightingskills.五、实考题分析欢迎光临上海武术中心.在这里您可以健身、减肥、结交朋友,以及了解中国文化.WelcometoShanghaiMartialArtsCenter.Hereyoucandoexercisetobuildupyourbody,reduceyourweight,makenewfriends,aswellaslearnaboutChineseculture.我们的武术协会还为各位来宾准备了精彩的节目。除了武术表演,您还可以观赏京剧节目和杂技表演。Inaddition,ourMartialArtAssociationhaspreparedsomefabulousprogramesforourvisitors。Youcanwatchmartialartperformances,PekingOperaandacrobaticshows.倘若您想亲身体验一下中国武术,我们可以派一流的教师进行团体或个别指导.IfyouwanttogetsomepersonalexperiencewithChinesemartialarts,wehavefirstclassteachersforindividualorgrouptraining.我们的武术专卖店出售有关中华武术的图书资料、录像带和激光视盘。满足您的需要是本中心的服务宗旨.Ourmartialartstoresellsbooks,videotapesandVCDsonChinesemartialarts.Tomeetyourneedisthepurposeofourservice.六、传统文化词汇补充气功controlledbreathingexercise春联springcouplet剪纸paper—cut戏剧脸谱theatricalmask国画traditionalChinesepainting中药TCM单口相声monologuecomictalk对口相声wittydialogue;comiccrosstalk马戏circusperformance传说legend神话mythology寓言fable二十四节气thetwenty-foursolarterms四大发明:火药gunpowder印刷术movabletypeprinting造纸术papermaking指南针compass四书:大学TheGreatLearning中庸TheDoctrineoftheMean论语TheAnalectsofConfucius孟子theMencius孙子兵法TheartofWar三国演义ThreeKingdoms西游记JourneytotheWest/MonkeyKing红楼梦DreamoftheRedMansions/StoryoftheStone水浒传OutlawsoftheMarsh/Allmenarebrothers诗经TheBookofSongs书经TheBooksofHistory易经IChingTheBookofChanges礼记TheBookofRites孝经BookofFilialPiety三字经threewordchant八股文stereotypedwriting重要文化遗产majorculturalheritage第四章实考题分析一、口语题目范文分析GoodHealthAsapopularsayinggoes:“Healthisbetterthanwealth."Goodhealthenablesonetoenjoyhislifeandachievewhathehopesforinhiscareer.Ontheotherhand,poorhealthtendstodepriveoneofhisinterestineverythingaroundhim。Therefore,healthisindispensabletoone’shappylife.Therearemanyways,Ithink,whichcanhelptobuildupone’shealth。Inthefirstplace,thosewhoalwaysworkfrommorningtillnightshouldfindtimetorelaxbecausetoomuchstresscanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth。Secondly,ifonewantstokeephealthy,hemustgiveupthehabitsthatdamagehishealth.Finally,regularexercisesareessentialforahealthymindandbody。Tothebestofmyknowledge,thereisnothingmorehealthfulthanabriskwalkinthemorning。Personally,Ilikerunninginthemorning.AndIhavebenefitedalotoffromit.Myhealthconditionisgettingbetterandbetter.SoIwillpersistindoingsointhefuture.这篇口语表述中运用到的技巧:1、引用谚语2、使用常用短语和句型3、作比较4、使用关联词5、用明确的词表明自己的观点6、用自己举例子7、常用的序数词小贴士:口语阐述时最好能加上自己的亲身经历二、口译实考练习三、口译实考分析英译汉Passage1:Intermsofitsimpactonoursociety,IthinkAIDSwillcertainlybethenumberoneseriouspublic-healthhazardgoingintothenextcentury.//从对我们社会所造成的影响这个角度来看,我认为艾滋病必定是我们进入下一世纪的头号健康大敌.AIDS:AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndromeAmongallthewaysandmeans,amassiveeducationalcampaignistheonlythingconceivableatthemomentthatcanreallyhelp.//在所有措施中,开展大规模的教育活动是目前唯一行之有效的办法。Somepeoplearguethatanationwide,orworldwide,educationalcampaignonAIDSawarenessisdifficult,expensiveandthereforeimpossible。Ithinktheirargumentisgroundless.//有些人认为,在全国范围或全世界范围开展提防艾滋病的教育活动难度大,代价高,因而无法实施。我认为这种观点是毫无根据的。We'llhavetoconvincepeoplethatthey’rebetterofknowingthannotknowingthefact,becausetheycantakeactions,treattheproblemandcontrolAIDSinfectionwithappropriatedrugs。我们应该使人们相信,了解实际情况总比蒙在鼓里好,因为了解实情后我们便可以行动起来,共同研讨这一问题,并可以用适当的药物来控制疾病的传染.参考书录《中高级口译口试备考精要》Passage2:Peoplefromdifferentculturessometimesdothingsthatmakeeachotheruncomfortable,withoutmeaningtoorsometimeswithoutevenrealizingit.//不同文化背景的人在一起有时会做出一些令对方感到不舒服的事,他们并非故意要这样做,有时甚至连自己也未察觉。MostAmericansareusuallyspontaneous,friendlyandopen,andenjoymeetingnewpeople,havingguestsandringingpeopletogetherformallyorinformally.//大多数美国人通常天真、率直,友好坦率,喜欢结识人,欢迎客人来访,愿意召集正式的或非正式的聚会。Theytendtobeinformalandspeakfreely.SoifyourAmericanhostsdosomethingthatmakesyouuncomfortable,trytoletthemknowhowyoufeel.Theywillappreciateyourhonestyandtrynottomakeyouuncomfortableagain.//美国人往往不拘礼节,说话毫无拘束。所以要是你的美国主人做出了使你感到不舒服的事,你应该设法让他们知道你的感受。他们会喜欢你的诚实态度,尽量不再做你不喜欢的事。SometimesAmericansaresaidtobesuperficiallyfriendly.Perhapsitseemsso.Justlikeanywhereelse,ittakestimetobecomerealfriendswithpeopleintheUnitedStates.有时美国人的友善会被视为一种表面现象。或许看上去确实是这么一回事。同其他地方一样,与美国人结成真正的朋友是需要一段时间的。补充:文化差异方面的口译练习MuchbusinessintheUnitedStatesisconductedonthetelephone.Theaveragebusinessmanspendsmuchofhistimeonthetelephonemakingbusinesscontacts.在美国许多生意都是通过电话谈的.一般的生意人都花很多时间打电话,接洽生意。However,itusuallywillnotbeconvenienttomakeinitialcontractsbetweenChineseandU.S.businessesbytelephone.但是,中国公司和美国公司通过电话商讨初步协议通常很不方便。ThereisnoparticularstyletoAmericannegotiations.Thewaythenegotiationsareconductedwillvaryfromonebusinesstoanotherandwilldependupontheindividualsinvolved。与美国人谈判并无特别的样式。谈判的方式视业务不同而不同,取决于参与谈判的人员.AlthoughAmericanshaveareputationformakingquickdecisions,thisisnotalwaystruewhenacorporationisinvolvedinamajorventureoralargeproject.Therefore,youshouldalsobepreparedforlengthynegotiations.虽然美国人享有决策果断的声誉,但是,在公司着手进行主要或重大项目时,决策并非总是果断的。因此,你也要做好准备进行冗长的谈判。四、口译实考分析汉译英Passage1:中餐桌上最神奇、最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子。几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种最简单同时也是最有效的用餐工具。NoeatingtoolsontheChinesedinnertablearemoremagicalanddistinctivethanthechopsticks.ForthousandsofyearsweChinesehavealwaysregardedchopsticksthesimplestpossibleandthemostefficienttoolformeals.关于筷子的用料,其种类各有不同,选材包括竹子、木材、玉石、象牙、塑料、金银等。Chopstickscanbemadeofavarietyofmaterials,includingbamboo,wood,jade,ivory,plastic,goldandsilverandsoon。对于西方人来说,掌握用筷的方法和技巧在开始时也许难度很大,但是只要有耐心,用心去练,不久便可以熟练地使用筷子享用中餐.ForWesterners,themasteryofthemethodandskillsforusingchopsticksmaybequitechallengingatthebeginning.Butaslongasyouhavepatienceandconcentrateonpractice,youwillsoonbeabletousechopsticksskillfullyenoughtoenjoyaChinesemeal.如果想享用一顿真正意义上的中餐,那么花时间耐心学习用筷技艺不仅很有必要,而且也很有趣。IfyouwanttoenjoyaChinesemealintherealsense,itisnotonlynecessary,butalsoveryinteresting,tospendsomepatienttimelearningtoacquiretheskillsofusingchopsticks。Passage2:中国是一个多民族国家,具有经济发展不平衡的特点.在这块辽阔的土地上,人们使用多种语言和方言。Chinaisamulti—nationalcountryfeaturingunbalancedeconomicdevelopment,Inthevastterritory,differentlanguagesadvariousdialectsareused.//几十年来,政府一直号召推广普通话,作为标准汉语,但在相当多的人口中,普通话还未能成为日常使用的交流工具.EventhoughthegovernmenthascalledforpopularizationofMandarinasthestandardChineselanguagefordecades,ithasnotbecomethedaily—usecommunicationtoolamongaconsiderablenumberofthepeople。//这显然阻碍了经济发展与社会进步。毫无疑问,推广和提倡使用普通话对加快中国改革开放的步伐是举足轻重的。Thisobviouslyhinderseconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.UndoubtedlythepopularizationandpromotionofMandarinisvitaltospeedingupChina'sreformandopeningupdrive.//这样做,将有助于提高汉语信息管理技术,因此,符合全体中国人民的根本利益。ItwillhelpimprovethetechnologyofinformationmanagementinChinese.Therefore,itisthebasicinterestsofallChinese。补充有关餐桌礼仪的句子翻译中国人吃饭用筷子,西方人则用餐刀、餐叉.有些人会用筷子,但大多数人则不行,所以在西方客人摆餐具时,筷子旁边再摆上刀叉是很明智的做法。Chineseeatwithchopstickswhilemostofthewesternerseatwithknivesandforks。Somewesternersmaybequitegoodatusingchopsticks,butmostofthemarenot,thereforewhensettingatableatwhichwesternersareentertained,itisalwaysadvisabletoplaceknivesandforksalongsidethechopsticks.中国的宴席,把菜肴摆在餐桌中央。西方人则不习惯把手伸得老长,满桌

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