笔译（含翻译理论与实践）授课教案

PAGE第页授课教案课程名称：笔译（含翻译理论与实践）院（系）：外国语学院专业：英语师范课程编号50614006课程名称笔译（含翻译理论与实践）授课专业外国语学院英语专业授课对象（年级）15-1,2,3班（专业三年级）授课教师职称课程类型必修课大学通修课（）；专业基础课（）；专业课（∨）选修课通识教育课（）；专业限定选修课（∨）；专业任意选修课（）授课时间2017年8月21日——2017年12月29日学年（秋）季学期教材名称新编大学英译汉教程编者华先发邵毅出版社上海外语教育出版社课程教学总学时数34学时学分数2学分学时分配多媒体授课的课时比例约80%考核方式考试：笔试（∨）口试（）机试（）考查（）其他（）教学目标了解翻译的性质，掌握翻译的基本理论知识，并以此为指导，灵活运用相关的翻译技巧和方法进行翻译实践。做到译文准确、通顺。在具体的教学实施过程中，着力培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。同时，使学生懂得学习翻译这门课程不仅仅是学习翻译的规则和方法，还应当注重理论联系实际，综合运用所学的知识，不断地研究和探讨，提高翻译能力和水平。部门认证哈尔滨学院外国语学院注：表中（）选项请打“√”项目内容备注课程内容提要教学内容分为两部分：第一部分介绍词、句层次上的相关翻译技巧，如词语的增减，词类转换，句子中的语态变换，正说反译与反说正译的运用，词序调整，分译与合译等。第二部分针对各种常见体裁的文本进行篇章翻译的讲授，培养文体意识，对新闻、广告、商贸信贷函、法律、科技等不同文体的篇章特点进行分析，评述篇章翻译对忠实传达原文风格的重要性。同时介绍国内外一些基本翻译理论知识，如翻译标准，翻译原则，纽马克的语言符号功能，奈达的功能对等理论，文化差异对翻译等值的影响以及语言差异对翻译的影响等，及时传递本学科最前沿的发展动态。重点难点分析以英语和汉语在语言和文化两方面所存在的差异为切入点，重点分析英译汉在声色词、习语、专有名词和英语修辞格等方面存在的难点；对比英汉两种语言并认清他们各自存在动态表达法与静态表达法、概略表达法与具体表达法、有生命主语句与无生命主语句、形合法与意合法等现象。联系实际课堂内外的大量实践贯穿于教学始终。除了教科书上的练习，还要指定一些文学名著翻译精选共学生赏析；及时节选一些报刊杂志上的于时俱进的内容共学生练习；更鼓励他们自己尽可能多地进行各种题材内容和各种体裁形式的翻译实践。主要参考书《实用翻译教程》冯庆华《英汉翻译简明教程》庄绎传章序名称Chapter1Introduction周次第1周2授课时间2017年8月21日至2017年8月25日教学目的要求1.Graspthedefinition,classificationoftranslationandrequirementsfortranslators;2.Graspthecriteriaandprinciplesoftranslation;3.Grasptheprocessoftranslation;4.Cultivatethestudents’criticalthinking.教学重点1.thedefinitionoftranslation;2.thecriteriaandprinciplesoftranslation;3.theprocessoftranslation.教学难点1.thecriteriaandprinciplesoftranslation;2.Cultivatethestudents’criticalthinking.教学场所环境Multi-mediaclassroom授课方式课堂讲授（√）；实验（）；实践（）；双语（√）课时分配2学时教学方法课堂讲授、小组讨论、问题法教学手段网络教学（）；多媒体（√）教学用具PPT,blackboard教学内容提要备注1.Review(5mins)2.Lead-in(5mins)T:Whatistranslationinyourview?S:variousversions…T:Therearenumerousversionsoftranslationbydifferentscholars.*Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.(EugeneA.Nida)*Translationisrenderingthemeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthewaythattheauthorintendedthetext.(PeterNewmark)*把一种语言已经表达出来的东西用另一种语言准确而完整地重新表达出来。（范存忠）*翻译是把一种语言文字所表达的思想内容和艺术风格正确无误地、恰如其分地转移到另一种语言文字中去的创造性活动。（彭卓吾）3.ExplainingandPractice(60mins)T:Let’sbeginwithclassification:*Intermsofthesourcelanguageandtargetlanguage:①Nativelanguage→Foreignlanguage②Foreignlanguage→Nativelanguage*Intermsofsemiology（符号学）①Intralingualtranslation②Interlingualtranslation③Intersemiotictranslation*Intermsofthemeans:①Oraltranslation②Writtentranslation③Machinetranslation*Intermsofthesubject:①Specialized-subjecttranslation②Generaltranslation*Intermsofpresentation:①Absolutetranslation②Selectivetranslation③TranslationwithreconstructionT:Next,wewilllearnrequirementsfortranslators.①Atranslatormusthavesoundbasicknowledgeofthetwolanguagesconcerned.E.g.However,suchmeasurestouchonlythetip,butnotaddressthebasisoftheproblem.参考译文：然而，这样的措施只不过是碰了碰问题的尖端，并没有触及问题的根源。②Atranslatormusthaveawiderangeofculturalknowledgeofacountrywherethelanguageisspoken.E.g.ThenhewasofftoColumbiaBusinessSchool,wherehefoundhisRosettaStoneofinvesting.参考译文：后来他进了哥伦比亚商学院，在那里找到了自己的投资指南。③Atranslatormustlearnsometranslationtheoriesandfrequently-usedtranslationtechniques.E.g.Hewasweakandold.参考译文：他身体衰弱，年纪也大了。Atranslatormustfamiliarizehimselfwithvariousreferencebooks.T:Whatcriteriashouldatranslatorfollow?*InfluentialtranslationprinciplesinChina严复：信达雅—faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance.The“threecharacterguide”isregardedasaplumblineoflongstandingtomeasuretheprofessionalleveloftranslating.傅雷：神似—similarityinspirit,emphasizingthereproductionofthespiritoftheflavoroftheoriginal.强调原作神韵再现。钱钟书：化境—sublimation(sublimedadaptation).Focusonthetranslator’ssmoothandidiomaticChineseversionforthesakeoftheChinesereader.刘重德：信、达、切—faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.鲁迅：宁信而不顺—rathertobefaithfulthansmooth(tointroducefreshwaysofexpression)梁实秋、赵景深：宁顺而不信—rathertobesmooththanfaithful(toachievegoodreadability)T:Whatprinciplesshouldatranslatorfollow?⑴Thesource-language-orientedprinciple(Literaltranslation)*Representatives:①竺法护②尼古拉斯·冯·维尔（NicolasvonWyle）③赛珍珠(PearlBuck)⑵Thetarget-language-orientedprinciple(Freetranslation)*Representatives:①支谦/鸠摩罗什②西塞罗(MarcusTulliusCicero)③贺拉斯(QuintusHoratiusFlaccus)④尤金·奈达(EugeneNida)⑶Theauthor-and-reader-orientedprinciple*Representatives:①亚历山大·泰特勒(AlexanderFraserTytler)②玄奘/严复/鲁迅*Itissimilartowhatisacceptedasthegeneraltranslationcriteria“faithfulness”and“smoothness”.（忠实，通顺）⑷Theaesthetics-orientedprinciple→Forliteraryworks*Representatives:①EzraPound②加切奇拉泽③傅雷（Similarityinspirit）/钱钟书（Sublimation）/许渊冲（意美、音美、形美）⑸Thesociosemiotics-orientedprinciple(ByPeterNewmark)*Aboutthethreemeaningsoflanguagemarks:①Designativemeaning（指称意义）→reflectingtherelationshipsbetweenlanguagemarksandwhattheyrepresent.E.g.father(父亲)tablecloth(桌布)②Linguisticmeaning（言内意义）→reflectingtherelationshipsbetweenlanguagemarksthroughsounds,words,sentencesandtexts,etc.③Pragmaticmeaning（语用意义）→reflectingtherelationshipsbetweenlanguagemarksandtheirusers:A.Indexicalmeaning（表征意义）B.Expressivemeaning（表达意义）C.Socialmeaning（社交意义）D.Imperativemeaning（祈使意义）E.Associativemeaning（联想意义）*Aboutthesixfunctionsoflanguagemarks:①Informativefunction（信息功能）②Expressivefunction（表情功能）③Vocativefunction（祈使功能）④Aestheticfunction（美感功能）⑤Phaticfunction（寒暄功能）⑥Metalingualfunction（元语言功能）T:Whatistheprocessoftranslation?Howmanystepsshouldatranslatortakeinthecourseoftranslation?(1)Comprehension→Premise①Grammaticalanalysis（语法分析）②Semanticanalysis（语义分析）③Stylisticanalysis（语体分析）④Textualanalysis（语篇分析）(2)Presentation→Key*TheprocessofaccuracyandnaturalnessE.g.Hehasnoholdoveryou,hashe?译文a：你没被他攥在手心里，对吧？译文b:他没控制你，是吗？*Tips:①Over-presentation（过分表达）E.g.Hewantedtolearn,toknow,toteach.译文a：他渴望博学广闻，喜欢追根穷源，并且好为人师。译文b：他想学习，增长知识，也愿意把自己的知识教给别人。②Under-presentation（欠表达）E.g.Formistakeshadbeenmade,badones.译文a：因为已经犯了许多错误，很糟的错误。译文b：因为已经犯了许多错误，而且还是很糟的错误。(3)Proofreading→Deepening①Number,date,distance,directionandname,etc.②Word,sentenceandparagraph③Mistranslation④Logic⑤Translationese（翻译腔）⑥PunctuationmarksT:Nowlet’sdoexercises,payingdueattentiontotherightunderstanding.4.Discussion(15mins)Workingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.T:Criticalthinking…Whydowelearntranslation?Howdoyouviewliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?5.Summary+Homework(5mins)A.Summary(3mins)B.Homework(2mins)Translatethepassageonpage1,AWorkbookforLearnersofEnglish-ChineseTranslation日程及课时分配节序内容学时绪论第一章Introduction2第一节1.Thedefinition,classificationoftranslationandrequirementsfortranslators2.Criteriaandprinciplesoftranslation1第二节3.Translationprocess4.Discussion5.Practice1第三节第四节第五节第六节第七节第八节第九节第十节复习思考题Whatdoyouthinkarethecriteriawhichguideyourtranslationpractice?讨论练习Whydowelearntranslation?Howdoyouviewliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?拓展学习TranslationhistoryandthepresentsituationsofChinaandtheWest课程作业Translatethesampleparagraphonpage1,AWorkbookforLearnersofEnglish-ChineseTranslation.完成方式书面版提交时间EveryFriday必读书目《实用翻译教程》ATextbookofTranslation学生学习质量监控与评价Ingoodorder教学后记Inthecourseoftheirhomework,studentsareadvisedtochecksomewordsinsideouttomaketherightchoiceoftheirmeaninginthecontext.章序名称Chapter2TranslationTechniques2.1AnnotationandParaphrase周次第2周2授课时间2017年8月28日至2017年9月1日教学目的要求1.Graspthedefinitionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslationaswellastheirrelationships;2.Graspthedefinitionofannotationandparaphraseaswellaswhentousethem;3.Grasptheclassificationofannotation;4.Cultivatethestudents’criticalthinking.教学重点1.thedefinitionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslationaswellastheirrelationships;2.thedefinitionofannotationandparaphraseaswellaswhentousethem;3.theclassificationofannotation.教学难点1.thedefinitionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslationaswellastheirrelationships;2.Cultivatethestudents’criticalthinking.教学场所环境Multi-mediaclassroom授课方式课堂讲授（√）；实验（）；实践（）；双语（√）课时分配2学时教学方法课堂讲授、小组讨论、问题法教学手段网络教学（）；多媒体（√）教学用具PPT,blackboard教学内容提要备注1.Review(5mins)2.Lead-in(5mins)T:ComparethefollowingChineseversions.Whichdoyouprefer?Pleasegiveyourreasons.S:differentanswers…3.ExplainingandPractice(60mins)T:Let’sbeginwithliteraltranslationandfreetranslation:*Literaltranslation：TheSLgrammaticalconstructionsareconvertedtotheirnearestTLequivalentsbutthelexicalwordsareagaintranslatedsingly,outofcontext.(PeterNewmark)Literaltranslationreferstoanadequaterepresentationoftheoriginal.WhentheoriginalcoincidesoralmosttallieswiththeChineselanguageinsequenceofvocabulary,ingrammaticalstructureandrhetoricaldevice,literaltranslationmustbeused.*Freetranslation：Freetranslationreproducesthematterwithoutthemanner,orthecontentwithouttheformoftheoriginal.Usuallyitisaparaphrasemuchlongerthantheoriginal.(PeterNewmark)Freetranslationisalsocalledliberaltranslation,whichdoesnotadherestrictlytotheformorwordorderoftheoriginal.WhenthereexistdissimilaritiesorgreatdifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseinthesequenceofvocabulary,ingrammaticalstructureandartisticdevices,freetranslationshouldbeemployed.T:Next,thinkaboutthepossiblerelationshipsbetweenliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.*Relationship：Literaltranslationandfreetranslation,however,arerelativeconcepts.Inotherwords,thereisnoabsolute“literal”,norentirely“free”versioninthepracticeoftranslation,andoveremphasizingeitherofthemwouldresultinridiculousconsequences.Translationpracticehasproventhatliteraltranslationandfreetranslationarenotcontradictorybutcomplementary.*Bothliteraltranslationandfreetranslationmustmeetthecriteriaoffaithfulnessandsmoothness.（许渊冲）*Therearedifferentdegreesofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Eg：HehadaboutasmuchchanceofgettingajobasofbeingchosenmayorofChicago.Chineseversions：①他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会几乎差不多。（mostliteral）②他要找到工作简直跟要当选芝加哥市长同样困难。（lessliteral）③他找到工作的机会几乎微乎其微。（freest）T:Nowlet’sdothefollowingexercise.Wejustchooseapartofthemtodo.T:Canyoutellwhatannotationandparaphrasearerespectively?Annotationisoftenusedwhennoequivalentofthesourcelanguagecanbefoundinthetargetlanguageduetodifferentsocialcultures.E.g.pizza比萨饼Sauna桑拿浴（芬兰式的一种蒸气浴）Clone克隆（一种无性繁殖方法）T:It’snecessaryforyoutoknowthefourcorrespondencesbetweenEnglishandChineseatwordlevel.T:Nowwe’llintroduceanewterm.*Transliteration（音译）Itisscarcelyusedunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.Transliterationismainlyusedintranslatingpropernouns,suchasnamesofpersons,places,orscientificterms,etc.T:Thenhowdoweclassifyannotation?*ClassificationofAnnotation:①Annotationwithtransliteration(音译加注)Transliterationisfollowedbyanoteofexplanation.②Annotationwithliteraltranslation(直译加注)Literaltranslationisfollowedbyanoteofexplanation.T:Next,let’stalkaboutparaphrase.We’llstartwithitsdefinitionfollowedbywhentouseit.Thisisanamplificationorexplanationofthemeaningofasegmentofthetextwithoutreproducingtheformandthevividimageofthesourcelanguage.ItisabetterchoicewhentranslatingtheEnglishidioms,allusions,specialcollocationswhichbearheavylocalcolorsoftheSLandwhicharereallyimpossibleforthetranslatortodoeitherliteraltranslationorannotation.E.g.Don’tcrossthebridgetillyougettoit.不必担心过早。/不必自寻烦恼。Doyouseeanygreeninmyeye?你以为我是好欺负的吗？nuclearfamily小家庭（不是：一夫一妻制的家庭）Itrainscatsanddogs.大雨瓢泼。/大雨滂沱。atsixesandsevens乱七八糟Adam’sapple喉结T:Nowlet’sdothein-classexercise.4.Discussion(15mins)Workingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.T:Criticalthinking…1.Howdoyoudealwithliteraltranslationandfreetranslationinyourin-classpractice?2.Whendoyouuseannotationandparaphraserespectively?5.Summary+Homework(5mins)A.Summary(3mins)B.Homework(2mins)Translatethepassageonpage27,AWorkbookforLearnersofEnglish-ChineseTranslation.日程及课时分配节序内容学时第二章TranslationTechniques—AnnotationandParaphrase2第一节1.thedefinitionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslationaswellastheirrelationships;2.thedefinitionofannotationandparaphraseaswellaswhentousethem;3.theclassificationofannotation;1第二节4.discussion;5.practice.1第三节第四节第五节第六节第七节第八节第九节第十节复习思考题Howwillyoudealwithliteraltranslationandfreetranslationinyourtranslationpractice?讨论练习1.Howdoyoudealwithliteraltranslationandfreetranslationinyourin-classpractice?2.Whendoyouuseannotationandparaphraserespectively?拓展学习TheargumentwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreelyhasbeengoingonsinceateastthefirstcenturyBC.PeterNewmarkputitintheformofaflattenedVdiagram:SLemphasisTLemphasisWord-for-wordtranslationAdaptationLiteraltranslationFreetranslationFaithfultranslationIdiomatictranslationSemantictranslationCommunicativetranslation课程作业Translatethesampleparagraphonpage27,AWorkbookforLearnersofEnglish-ChineseTranslation.完成方式书面版提交时间EveryFriday必读书目《实用翻译教程》ATextbookofTranslation学生学习质量监控与评价Ingoodorder教学后记Inthecourseoftheirhomework,studentsareadvisedtochecksomewordsinsideouttomaketherightchoiceoftheirmeaninginthecontext.章序名称Chapter2TranslationTechniques2.2AmplificationandOmission周次第3周2授课时间2017年9月4日至2017年9月8日教学目的要求1.Graspthedefinitionofamplificationandomission;2.Graspthethreeaspectsofamplification;3.Graspthetwoaspectsofomission;4.Cultivatethestudents’criticalthinking.教学重点1.thedefinitionofamplificationandomission;2.thethreeaspectsofamplification;3.thetwoaspectsofomission.教学难点1.thethreeaspectsofamplification;2.thetwoaspectsofomission;3.Cultivatethestudents’criticalthinking.教学场所环境Multi-mediaclassroom授课方式课堂讲授（√）；实验（）；实践（）；双语（√）课时分配2学时教学方法课堂讲授、小组讨论、问题法教学手段网络教学（）；多媒体（√）教学用具PPT,blackboard教学内容提要备注1.Review(5mins)2.Lead-in(5mins)T:ComparethefollowingChineseversions.Whathappenstothem?Pleaseexplain.S:differentanswers…ExplainingandPractice(60mins)T:Let’sbeginwithliteraltranslationandfreetranslation:*Amplification：Amplification,alsocalledaddition,meanssupplyingnecessarywordsinthetranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.T:NoticethewordsweaddshouldbethosenecessarytotheTLbutmaynotnecessarytotheSL.Amplificationinvolvesthefollowingthreeaspects:①Forthepurposeofgrammar*Englishhasnomeasurewords（量词），whileChinesehas.E.g.anelephant一头大象（增补名量词）Iwasextremelyworriedabouther,butthiswasneithertheplacenorthetimeforalectureoranargument.我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。（增补动量词）*TheEnglishverbshavevariousformsandtheyvarywiththetime,aspectandmood,whiletheChineseverbsdon’t.E.g.Ihaveseenheronherkneesinfrontofthehouse.我曾看见她跪在房子前面。（增补表示时态的词）Wewon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不后退。（同上）*TheEnglishcountablenounshavesingularandpluralforms,whiletheChinesenounsdon’t.E.g.Thelionisthekingofanimals.狮子是百兽之王。（增补体现复数的词）Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色长影。（同上）*Englishtendstouseellipticalsentences,whileChinesedoesn’t.E.g.ThatyeartheChineseyuanboughtmore,andtheU.S.dollarless.那一年中国人民币可买的东西多，美元可买的东西少。（增补原文中省略的词）Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。（同上）②Forthepurposeofmeaning*Inordertoachieveclarity,it’snecessarytoaddsomenouns,verbs,adjectivesoradverbs.E.g.Hedismissedthemeetingwithoutaclosingspeech.他没有致闭幕词就宣布结束会议。（增补动词）Long-stemmedmodelsankledthroughthelobby.身材修长的模特袅袅婷婷地从厅中走过。（增补副词）*InordertofollowtheChinesehabitsofexpression,wecanaddsomeappropriatewordsafteradjectivesandabstractnounsderivedfromverbsoradjectives.E.g.callous冷酷无情的preparation准备工作(categoryword)tension紧张关系(categoryword)unemployment失业现象(categoryword)*Inordertoachieveclarity,wehavetorepeatonewordorsupplyconjunctions,connectives,generalizedwordsorbackgroundwords.E.g.Wehavediscussedoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.我们已经讨论了安全规则和卫生规则。（重复名词）Sinceairhasweight,itexertsforceonanyobjectimmersedinit.因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任意物体都会受到空气的作用力。（增补连词）③Forthepurposeofrhetoric*Inordertoachievebeautyandvividness,wehavetosupplysomedescriptivewords,likenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,etc.,tonewords（语气词）,repetitivewords（叠词）,four-characterphrases（四字词组）orrepetitionofwords.E.g.Itwasacrimesoquick,somean,soharsh,itshockedevenveterancrimeinvestigators.这桩罪案发生的速度之快、性质之卑劣、手段之残忍，就连身经百战的办案人员也感到惊讶万分。（增补名词）T:Nowwe’lltranslatesomeofthefollowingsentences.T:Next,we’lltalkaboutomission.Whatisomission?OmissionItreferstoomittingwordsnecessarytotheSLbutunnecessarytotheTL,i.e.,theomittedwordshavetobethosedispensable（可有可无的）,redundant,wordyorthoseagainstthelanguagehabitsoftheTL.T:Omissioninvolvesthefollowingtwoaspects:

①IntermsofgrammarT:Nowcompare:EnglishArticles(unique)MoreconjunctionsMoreprepositions(over280)Morepronouns:*Personalpronoun*RelativepronounChineseNoarticlesLessconjunctionsLessprepositions(about30)Lesspronouns:*Personalpronoun*Norelativepronoun②IntermsofrhetoricInordertoachievesimplicity(brevity),wehavetoomitorcutshortsomeredundantwordsintheSL.E.g.Thehardestpartofanybigprojectistobegin.任何一个大的项目最艰难的是起步。Itrequiresheattochangewaterintogas.把水变成气体需要加热。Tolearnisnotaneasymatterandtoapplywhatonehaslearnedisevenharder.学习不容易，应用更不容易。T:Nowlet’sdothein-classexercise.4.Discussion(15mins)Workingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.T:Criticalthinking…1.Whatisthewordlikewhichisaddedtothetranslation?2.Whatisthewordlikewhichisomittedfromthetranslation?5.Summary+Homework(5mins)A.Summary(3mins)B.Homework(2mins)Translatethepassageonpage32,AWorkbookforLearnersofEnglish-ChineseTranslation.日程及课时分配节序内容学时第二章TranslationTechniques—AmplificationandOmission2第一节1.thedefinitionofAmplificationandOmission;2.thethreeaspectsofamplification;3.thetwoaspectsofomission;1第二节4.discussion;5.practice.1第三节第四节第五节第六节第七节第八节第九节第十节复习思考题Howwillyoudealwithamplificationandomissioninyourtranslationpractice?讨论练习1.Whatisthewordlikewhichisaddedtothetranslation?2.Whatisthewordlikewhichisomittedfromthetranslation?拓展学习Morepractice课程作业Translatethesampleparagraphonpage32,AWorkbookforLearnersofEnglish-ChineseTranslation.完成方式书面版提交时间EveryFriday必读书目《实用翻译教程》ATextbookofTranslation学生学习质量监控与评价Ingoodorder教学后记Inthecourseoftheirhomework,studentsareadvisedtochecksomewordsinsideouttomaketherightchoiceoftheirmeaninginthecontext.章序名称Chapter2TranslationTechniques2.3ShiftandAdaptation周次第4周2授课时间2017年9月11日至2017年9月15日教学目的要求1.Graspthedefinitionofshiftandadaptation;2.Graspthesevenaspectsofshift;3.Graspthedefinitionofforeignization;4.Cultivatethestudents’criticalthinking.教学重点1.thedefinitionofshiftandadaptation;2.thesevenaspectsofshift;教学难点1.thesevenaspectsofshift;2.Cultivatethestudents’criticalthinking.教学场所环境Multi-mediaclassroom授课方式课堂讲授（√）；实验（）；实践（）；双语（√）课时分配2学时教学方法课堂讲授、小组讨论、问题法教学手段网络教学（）；多媒体（√）教学用具PPT,blackboard教学内容提要备注1.Review(5mins)2.Lead-in(5mins)T:ComparethefollowingtwoChineseversions.Whathappenstothem?Pleaseexplain.S:differentanswers…ExplainingandPractice(60mins)T:Let’sbeginwiththesevenaspectsofshift:1.Conversionofwordclasses（词类转换）2.Conversionofsentenceelements（句子成分转换）3.Conversionofexpression（表达方式转换）4.Conversionofwordorder（语序转换）5.Conversionofaffirmationandnegation（正反面转换）6.Conversionofactiveandpassivevoices（主动被动语态转换）7.Conversionofclauses（分句转换）I.ConversionofWordClass(词类转换)English→nominalization，Chinese→verbalizationEg.:Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.Version1：火箭已找到了宇宙探索的应用。Version2：火箭已经用来探索宇宙。(application←apply，exploration←explore)……II.ConversionofSentenceElements(句子成分的转换)Eg.:Anautomobilemusthaveabrakewithhighefficiency.汽车的煞车必须高度有效。AmericaneducationowesagreatdebttoThomasJefferson.托马斯·杰斐逊对美国的教育事业做出了巨大贡献。……III.ConversionofExpression(表达方式的转换)1)Theseareourtasksfortheperiodahead.这些是我们今后的任务。2)Shesetagoodtable.它摆了一桌丰盛的菜肴。3)Hebeatherblackandblue.他把她打得青一块，紫一块。4)Icanreadherthoughts.我能看出她的心思。……T:Nowwe’lltranslatesomeofthefollowingsentences.IV.ConversionofWordOrder(自然语序与倒装语序的转换)Normal:subject+v.Inverted:v.+subjectEnglish→Forstress,emphasisandbalance,etc.Chinese→muchlesinversionEg.:1.Slowlyclimbstheautumnmoon.秋天的月亮慢慢地爬上来了。(倒装→自然)2.Incameanoldmanwithablackhat.进来了一位戴黑帽子的老人。(remainunchanged)3.Theyplayedchessinhighspiritsattheclubyesterday.他们昨天在俱乐部高兴地下棋。(自然→倒装)V.ConversionofAffirmationandNegation(正面表达与反面表达的转换)Eg.：1.Wetpaint!油漆未干！2.Ifailedtounderstandyourmeaning.我弄不懂你的意思。3.Youcan’tbetoocareful.你要特别小心。T:Nowwe’lltranslatesomeofthefollowingsentences.VI.ConversionofActiveandPassiveVoices(主动语态与被动语态的转换)1.Mucheffortwasmadeindeterminingthedifferencesbetweenthetwoschoolsofpainting.为了弄清两个画派的差别，他们费了不少功夫。（passive→active）2.Hisacceptanceintotheclubisaquitenaturalthing.他被吸收到俱乐部里来是自然而然的事情。（active→passive）VII.ConversionofClauses(分句与分句的转换)Allthewhile,GeorgeBush,whowasultimatelytobenefitfromthetrythatfailed,satsilentlyby,anearlyforgottenspectator.在此期间，乔治·布什一言不发地坐在那里，几乎成了一个被人遗忘了的旁观者，但他将最终从这一场失败的试探中获得好处。（attributiveclause→coordinateclause）T:Nowwe’lltranslatesomeofthefollowingsentences.T:Next,we’lltalkaboutadaptation（归化）*WhenthereisaculturaldisparitybetweenEnglishandChinese,TLculturereplacesSLCulture.*Representative:EugeneA.Nida(尤金•奈达)*FunctionalEquivalence功能对等Whatisfunctionalequivalence?“Thereceptorsofthetranslatedtextcouldrespondtoitwithcomprehensionandappreciationinessentiallythesamemannerandtothesamedegreeastheoriginalreceptorsofthemessage”;“Translationshouldarousethesamefeelinginitsreceptorsasthefeelingofthereadersoftheoriginal”NidaEg.:1.aswhiteassnow通常译为白如雪/但没有见过雪的人可以将其翻译为“白如白鹭毛”，以达到功能对等的目的。2.Springuplikemushrooms--雨后春笋3.Everybody'sbusinessisnobody'sbusiness.三个和尚无水喝4.Amongtheblindtheone-eyedmanisking.山中无老虎，猴子称霸王T:Well,foreignization(异化)isusuallymentionedtogetherwithadaptation.*Representative:LawrenceVenuti(韦努蒂)Eg.:1.AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大道通罗马。（殊途同归）2.Toteachone’sgrandmothertoeateggs教老祖母吃鸡蛋。（班门弄斧）(班门弄斧：showoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBan,themastercarpenter.)3.IfIslappedsomeone,hewouldseethewaytoCracow.要是我给谁一巴掌，准会把他扇到克拉科去。（一巴掌扇到西天去）4.武松要吃酒，哪里听他人发说，一转身道：“放屁！（C→E）放屁“passyourwind”（sheernonsense）4.Discussion(15mins)Workingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.T:Criticalthinking…1.Howwillyouuseshiftinyourtranslationpractice?2.Howdoyouunderstandadaptationandforeignization?5.Summary+Homework(5mins)A.Summary(3mins)B.Homework(2mins)Translatethepassageonpage34and36,AWorkbookforLearnersofEnglish-ChineseTranslation.日程及课时分配节序内容学时第二章TranslationTechniques—ShiftandAdaptation2第一节1.thedefinitionofshiftandadaptation;2.thesevenaspectsofshift;3.Nida’stheory;1第二节4.discussion;5.practice.1第三节第四节第五节第六节第七节第八节第九节第十节复习思考题Howwillyoudealwithamplificationandomissioninyourtranslationpractice?讨论练习1.Whatisthewordlikewhichisaddedtothetranslation?2.Whatisthewordlikewhichisomittedfromthetranslation?拓展学习Morepractice课程作业Translatethesampleparagraphonpage34and36,AWorkbookforLearnersofEnglish-ChineseTranslation.完成方式书面版提交时间EveryFriday必读书目《实用翻译教程》ATextbookofTranslation学生学习质量监控与评价Ingoodorder教学后记Inthecourseoftheirhomework,studentsareadvisedtochecksomewordsinsideouttomaketherightchoiceoftheirmeaninginthecontext.章序名称Chapter2TranslationTechniques2.4DivisionandCombination周次第5周2授课时间2017年9月18日至2017年9月22日教学目的要求1.Graspthedefinitionofdivisionandcombination;2.Graspthetypesofdivisionandcombination;3.Cultivatethestudents’criticalthinking.教学重点1.thedefinitionofdivisionandcombination;2.thetypesofdivisionandcombination.教学难点1.theessentialsofusingdivision;2.Cultivatethestudents’criticalthinking.教学场所环境Multi-mediaclassroom授课方式课堂讲授（√）；实验（）；实践（）；双语（√）课时分配2学时教学方法课堂讲授、小组讨论、问题法教学手段网络教学（）；多媒体（√）教学用具PPT,blackboard教学内容提要备注1.Review(5mins)2.Lead-in(5mins)T:HowdoesasentenceformacertainmeaninginEnglishandChineserespectively?S:differentanswers…ExplainingandPractice(60mins)T:Let’sbeginwiththedefinitionofdivision:DivisionisatranslationtechniqueinwhichaSLsentenceisdividedintotwoormorethantwounitsintheTLforthepurposeofclarityandfluency.1.Worddivision(单词分译)ItmeansawordinasentenceintheSLisseparatedfromtherestpartintoanothersentenceintheTL.Eg.:1)Sheinspectedthetablefordustwithherfinger.她用手指抹抹桌子，看看有没有灰尘。(“Inspected”hasbeenrenderedintothreewordsinChinese“抹抹”,“看看”and“有没有”.)Advantage:①morethorough②smoother2.Phrasedivision(短语分译)ItmeansaphraseinasentenceintheSLisseparatedfromtherestpart