2024届新高考英语二轮复习02 阅读理解(说明文)（解析版）

02问读理解说明文

1.【2024届山东省德州市一模试题】

ThinkyouhaveagoodgraspofEnglish?Good.Readthesixsentencesbelow,then.

Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.

Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.

Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.

Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.

Sentence5:Themanwhohuntsducksoutonweekends.

Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.

Linguists（语言学家）callthese"gardenpathsentences”,whichtakeyoubythehandandleadyoudowna

windingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,they'reallgrammaticallycorrect.Lefsseewhy.

Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.

BesidessoundinglikearejectedHemingwaytitle,thissentenceisindeedgrammaticallycorrectthanksto

somewell-placedhomonyms-wordsthatsharethesamespellingsbuthavedifferentmeanings.Homonym1here

is“old”,usedasanoun,meaning"oldpeople^^;homonym2is"man”,usedasaverb,meaning"toservein/on”.

Withthatinmind,thesentencemeans“Theoldpeopleserveontheboat”.

Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.

Atfirstread,you'dthink"ismadeof'isthemainverbofthissentence.Butifsnot.Thesimplestformof

thissentenceis“ThecottongrowsinMississippi”;confusingly,“clothingismadeof'isusedtotelluswhat

cottonwe'retalkingabout.Thissentencewouldmakewaymoresenseifwritten“Thecottonthatclothingismade

ofgrowsinMississippi”,butEnglishallowsustoremovecertainconjunctionslike"that”,withitsmeaning

maintained.

Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.

Thefirsthalfofthissentenceiseasytocatch.Sowhendealingwiththeotherhalf,peopleusuallyfollowthe

structureofthefirsthalf,andifdbeunderstoodas“fruitsflylikebananas”.Thisisobviouslyunreasonable.Only

whenpeoplerethinkcantheyrecognizethetruemeaningofthesentence.Therefore,suchsentencesmanageto

makepeopleignorethestructureofthesentenceitself,thusdepartingfromitsoriginalmeaning.

Comeon!Takeawalkdownthegardenpathwiththerestofthesentences.

8.Whafsthecharacteristicof"gardenpathsentences^^accordingtolinguists?

A.Misleadingbuterror-free.B.Accurateandplain.

C.Improperly-wordedandmeaningless.D.Ungrammaticalbutcomprehensible.

9.Whichwordisanexamplesimilartothehomonymof"man"insentence1?

A.”grows“insentence2.B."eat"insentence4.

C.^chunts^^insentence5.D.tahouses^^insentence6.

10.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyinterprets“fruitflieslikeabanana^^insentence3?

A.”fruitflies“referstoasortofinsect.B."flies“servesastheverbofthesentence.

C.”flieslike^^explainswhatfruitistalkedabout.D."like"hasthesamemeaningasthe"like"beforeit.

11.Whatcanbethetroublemakerinsentence4?

A.Theill-placedverbs.B.Theremovalof"that".

C.Thegrammarmistakes.D.Thelackofnounbehind"collects”.

【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对特殊的英文句子的理解。

8.推理判断题。由文章第八段中"Linguists（语言学家）callthese“gardenpathsentences”,whichtakeyoubythe

handandleadyoudownawindingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,they'reallgrammaticallycorrect.Lefssee

why.（语言学家称这些句子为“花园小径句”，它们牵着你的手，把你带到一条蜿蜒的小路上，直到一个死胡

同。尽管如此，它们的语法都是正确的。让我们看看为什么。）”可知，这些句子的特点是误导但没有错误。

故选Ao

9.推理判断题。由文章第一个黑标题Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat•下的"Homonym1hereis"old”,used

asanoun,meaning"oldpeople”;homonym2is"man”,usedasaverb,meaning“toservein/on”.（这里的第——个

同形异义词是“old”，用作名词，意思是“老人”；第二个同音异义词是“man”，用作动词，意思是“服务于

和第七段“Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.（建筑群给已婚和单身

士兵及其家属提供住处。）”可知，第6句中的“houses”可以是名词“房子”，本句中用作动词“给（某人）提

供住处”与第1句中“man”都是具有名词词性，在句子中用作动词。故选D。

10.词句猜测题。由文章第三个黑标题Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana•下的

“Thefirsthalfofthissentenceiseasytocatch.Sowhendealingwiththeotherhalf,peopleusuallyfollowthe

structureofthefirsthalf,andifdbeunderstoodas“fruitsflylikebananas”.Thisisobviouslyunreasonable.Only

whenpeoplerethinkcantheyrecognizethetruemeaningofthesentence.Therefore,suchsentencesmanageto

makepeopleignorethestructureofthesentenceitself,thusdepartingfromitsoriginalmeaning.（这句话的前半

部分很容易听懂。所以在处理另一半的时候，人们通常会遵循前一半的结构，可以理解为“水果像香蕉一

样飞”。这显然是不合理的。人们只有重新思考，才能认识到句子的真正含义。因此，这类句子设法使人

们忽略了句子本身的结构，从而偏离了句子的本意。）”可知，句子应该理解为“fruitflies”为句子主语，意为

“果蝇”，指的是一种昆虫；谓语是“like”意为“喜欢”；宾语是“abanana”，意为“香蕉”。故选A。

11.推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.（人们吃的脂肪会聚集。）“可知，people

前省略了that,thatpeopleeat为定语从句，修饰先行词Fat,所以“that”的省略导致句子不好理解。故选B。

2.【2024届山东省淄博市高三一模试题】

Chancesareyou'veheardthephrase"likeamothtoaflame^^andprobablyseenitinactionata

nighttimefireorbarbecue,too.Itturnsout,however,thisage-oldsayingmaynotbequiteright.Ratherthanbeing

attractedtolight,moths9tendencytoflytowardbrightnessisabehavioralresponsetohelpthemdeterminewhich

wayisup,suggestsanewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications.

Toavoidfallingdowntotheground,insectsneedtoknowwhichwayisup,saysstudycoauthorYashSondhi,

aNationalGeographicExplorer.Withoutsystemstomaintainspatial（空间的）orientation,thebrightnessofthe

sky,evenatnight,hasalwaysbeenastrongindicatorof"up"untilartificiallightscamealong.Iftheymess

thatup,theystartplummeting.

Sondhiandateamofresearcherssetupexperimentstoinvestigatehowdifferentlightsinfluenceflight

behavior.First,theresearcherssuspendedalightbulbfromaropebetweentwotreesresemblingatypical

downward-pointinglightandinaseparatetest,theyturnedthelightupwardbymountingitonatripod（三月却

架）.Inbothcases,insectsleanedtheirwingedbackstothebulb.Butwhenthelightwaspointedup,theinsects

oftenbumpedtotheground.

Whatifthelightisspreadoverawidearea?Theresearchersstretchedalargewhitesheetacrossthetreeand

projectedaUVlightonit.Iftheinsectsweretruly“attracted“tothelight,theyshouldflyuptowardit.Instead,

theinsectscruised（巡航）straightthroughthisilluminatedcorridor,flyinghowtheywouldduringtheday.The

teamthenplacedthesheetonthegroundandshinedthelightonit,whichiswhensomethingtrulyoddhappened:

Allthesemothsflyingoveritturnedupsidedownandcrashedoutofthesky.Directionalityoflightisahuge

factorinthepatternwehaveseen,notjustbrightnessorcolor.

""Artificiallightsmaycauseamismatchbetweentheinsecfssenseofwhichwayisupandtruedirectionof

gravity,whichspellstroubleforinsectspopulation.^^saysSondhi.

8.Whatcanbeinferredabout"likeamothtoaflame“inthenewstudy?

A.Amothisgenerallyattractedbyaflame.B.Artificiallightsarevaluableforamoth.

C.Brightnessindicatesupforamoth.D.Amothhasasenseofdirection.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeting“inparagraph2mean?

A.Crashing.B.Speeding.C.Freezing.D.Suspending.

10.Whatlightsinfluenceinsectsmostintheexperiments?

A.UVlightsonthetree.B.Upward-pointinglights.

C.Downward-pointinglights.D.Lightsofdifferentcolors.

11.WhatisSondhi'sattitudetowardartificiallights?

A.Concerned.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Neutral.

【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项科学研究表明蛾类向明亮方向飞行的倾向不是被光吸引，

而是一种行为反应，帮助它们确定向上的方向。

8.推理判断题。根据第一段的"Ratherthanbeingattractedtolight,moths'tendencytoflytowardbrightnessisa

behavioralresponsetohelpthemdeterminewhichwayisup,suggestsanewstudypublishedinthejournalNature

Communications」发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项新研究表明，蛾类向明亮方向飞行的倾向不是被光吸

引，而是一种行为反应,帮助它们确定向上的方向）”以及第二段的“Toavoidfallingdowntotheground,insects

needtoknowwhichwayisup,saysstudycoauthorYashSondhi,aNationalGeographicExplorer.（该研究的合著

者、国家地理探险家YashSondhi说，为了避免摔倒在地，昆虫需要知道哪条路是向上的）”可知，昆虫需要

知道哪条路是向上的，而光能够帮助它们确定向上的方向。由此可推知，在新的研究中，“飞蛾扑火”意味

着光能够暗示飞蛾向上飞。故选C。

9.词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Withoutsystemstomaintainspatial（空间的）orientation,thebrightnessofthe

sky,evenatnight,hasalwaysbeenastrongindicatorof"up"untilartificiallightscamealong.（没有系统来

维持空间方向，即使在晚上，天空的亮度也一直是“向上”的强烈指示——直到人造灯出现）”可知，飞蛾不

能辨别方向，天空的亮度一直指示着它向上飞行。人造灯的出现让他们出现了混乱，所以看到灯光，他们

就会撞上去。所以划线单词的意思为“碰撞”。故选A。

10.细节理解题。根据第三段的“First,theresearcherssuspendedalightbulbfromaropebetweentwo

treesresemblingatypicaldownward-pointinglightandinaseparatetest,theyturnedthelightupwardby

mountingitonatripod（三脚架）.Inbothcases,insectsleanedtheirwingedbackstothebulb.Butwhenthelight

waspointedup,theinsectsoftenbumpedtotheground.（首先，研究人员将一个灯泡悬挂在两棵树之间的绳子

上——类似于典型的向下指向的灯——在另一项测试中，他们将灯泡安装在三脚架上，将其向上转动。在

这两种情况下，昆虫都把它们的翅膀背靠在球茎上。但当光线指向上方时，昆虫经常会撞到地上）”可知,

向上指示的光线最能影响昆虫。故选B。

11.推理判断题。根据最后第一段“"Artificiallightsmaycauseamismatchbetweentheinsecfssenseofwhich

wayisupandtruedirectionofgravity,whichspellstroubleforinsectspopulation.^saysSondhi.（“人造光可能会

导致昆虫对向上方向和真实重力方向的感觉不匹配，这给昆虫种群带来了麻烦「Sondhi说）”可推知，Sondhi

对人造光对昆虫的影响是担心的。故选A。

3.【2024届山东省荷泽市高三下学期一模试题】

TheapparentcomplexitiesoftheTikTokalgorithm（算法）mayactuallybeassimpleasabagofchips.Ina

videowithmorethan700,000views,creatorCelesteArialaidouther"Doritotheory”,whichsheusestoexplain

theaddictivenatureofendlessly-scrollingsocialmediafeeds.

Everyonehasatopictheyjustcan'tstopthinkingabout,andAria'sRomanEmpireisDoritos.Inherpopular

video,sheexpressesthatTikTokscrollingissoaddictivebecauseitisneverfullysatisfying.LikeaDorito,a

scrollingsessionontheForYouPageismoststimulatingduringthefirstfewbites.Theendofthechiporvideo

bringsadesiretostartconsuminganotherone,thusreturningtothatfirst-bitefeeling.

Essentially,theDoritotheorysuggeststhatactivitieslikeeatingDoritos,whichprovideaquickburstof

pleasurebutlacklastingsatisfaction,canbehighlyaddictive.Ariacomparedittoconsumingfoodsthatoffer

deepersatisfaction,likeaheartysteak,wherethefeelingoffullnessandcontentmentlastslonger.

Thetheorycanapplytoalotofdifferentexperiences,butit'sparticularlywell-suitedasametaphorforthe

dopamine（多巴月安）booststhatoccurwhilescrollingthroughsocialmediafeeds.Dr.JamieSorenson,a

board-certifiedpsychiatrist,saidthattheDoritotheoryisconsistentwithexistingideasregardingaddiction.t6The

moreimmediatetherewardis,themorelikelywearetorepeatthatbehavior,whetherifseatingDoritosor

scrollingonsocialmedia.^^

Ariamaynotbealicensedmedicalprofessional,butshetreatsjunkfoodthewayanynutritionistwould."I'd

recommendjusttryingtoremoveanythingthatyouthinkfallsintotheDoritocategory/shesaysinhervideo.

TheDoritotheorytrendhasledtoreflectionsonthenatureofaddictionandthepursuitofinstantsatisfaction

intoday5ssociety,resonating（共鸣）withmanyTikTokuserswhorecognizesimilarpatternsintheirownlives.So,

itfeelslikeit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforeDoritosrespondstoAria'stheory.

8.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“RomanEmpire^^inparagraph2probablyreferto?

A.Avideo.B.Asubject.C.Acountry.D.Asnack.

9.WhatmakesAriaaddictedtochipsaccordingtothetext?

A.Socialmedia.B.Differentflavors.C.Lastingsatisfaction.D.First-bitefeeling.

10.HowdoesAriaexplaintheDoritotheory?

A.Byintroducingaconcept.B.Byconductinganexperiment.

C.Bymakingacomparison.D.Byquotinganexpert^words.

11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TikTok:anappealingplatform

B.CelesteAria:aninsightfuldiscoverer

C.Chipsorsteaks:achallengingchoice

D.TheDoritotheory:anongoinghitonline

【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Aria用她提出的多力多滋理论解释了社交媒体无尽滚动信息

流为何具有高度成瘾性，这一理论引起了广大群众的共鸣，已成为一个热点话题。

8.词义猜测题。根据划线词前“Everyonehasatopictheyjustcan'tstopthinkingabout（每个人都有一个自己

无法停止思考的话题）”可推知，Aria的话题是多力多滋薯片，故B项“话题”与划线词含义一致。故选B项。

9.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"LikeaDorito,ascrollingsessionontheForYouPageismoststimulating

duringthefirstfewbites.Theendofthechiporvideobringsadesiretostartconsuminganotherone,thus

returningtothatfirst-bitefeeling.（就如同吃一袋多力多滋薯片一样，刚开始吃的时候最为诱人且兴奋，用户

在“为你推荐”页面上滑动浏览时也是如此，最初的几条内容最能激起人们的兴趣。每当一片薯片或是一个

视频结束时，人们便会渴望继续下一个，这样一来又可以重拾那种初见时的新鲜感和兴奋感）”可知，Aria

对薯片上瘾正是由于这种“第一口”的感觉。故选D项。

10.推理判断题。根据文章第二段"Inherpopularvideo,sheexpressesthatTikTokscrollingissoaddictive

becauseitisneverfullysatisfying.LikeaDorito,ascrollingsessionontheForYouPageismoststimulating

duringthefirstfewbites.Theendofthechiporvideobringsadesiretostartconsuminganotherone,thus

returningtothatfirst-bitefeeling.（在她那部广受欢迎的视频中，她阐述了TikTok滚动浏览之所以如此令人上

瘾，是因为它永远无法让人感到彻底满足。就如同吃一袋多力多滋薯片一样，刚开始吃的时候最为诱人且

兴奋，用户在“为你推荐”页面上滑动浏览时也是如此，最初的几条内容最能激起人们的兴趣。每当一片薯

片或是一个视频结束时，人们便会渴望继续下一个，这样一来又可以重拾那种初见时的新鲜感和兴奋感）”

可知，Aria通过类比的方式阐述了多力多滋理论。故选C项。

11.主旨大意题。结合全文及文章最后一段"TheDoritotheorytrendhasledtoreflectionsonthenatureof

addictionandthepursuitofinstantsatisfactionintoday'ssociety,resonatingwithmanyTikTokuserswho

recognizesimilarpatternsintheirownlives.So,itfeelslikeifsonlyamatteroftimebeforeDoritosrespondsto

Aria'stheory.（多力多滋理论趋势引发了一场对当今社会中成瘾本质以及追求即时满足心理的深刻反思，这

一理论在抖音用户中引起了广泛共鸣，许多用户都在自己的生活中识别出了相似的行为模式。因此，看起

来多力多滋公司回应Aria这一理论只是时间早晚的问题）”可知，文章主要介绍了Aria的多力多滋理论，且

这一理论引起了广大群众的共鸣，已成为一个热点话题，故D项“多力多滋理论：一个网络上持续走红的

热点”适合作为文章的标题。故选D项。

4.【2024届山东省济南市高三一模试题】

Anewstudyrevealsthatpigeons（鸽子）cantacklesomeproblemsjustlikeartificialintelligence,enabling

themtosolvedifficulttasksthatmightchallengehumans.Previousresearchhastheorizedthatpigeonsemploya

problem-solvingstrategy,involvingatrial-and-errorapproach,whichissimilartotheapproachusedinAImodels

butdiffersfromhumans'relianceonselectiveattentionandruleuse.Toexamineit,BrandonTurner,apsychology

professorattheOhioStateUniversity,andhiscolleaguesconductedthenewstudy.

Inthestudy,thepigeonswerepresentedwithvariousvisualimages,includinglinesofdifferentwidthsand

angles,anddifferenttypesofrings.Thepigeonshadtopeck（啄）abuttonontherightorlefttoindicatethe

categorytowhichtheimagebelonged.Iftheygotitcorrect,theyreceivedfood;iftheywerewrong,theyreceived

nothing.Resultsshowedthat,throughtrialanderror,thepigeonsimprovedtheiraccuracyincategorizationtasks,

increasingtheircorrectchoicesfromabout55%to95%.

Researchersbelievedpigeonsusedassociativelearning,whichislinkingtwophenomenawitheachother.For

example,itiseasytounderstandthelink,between"water"and"wet".''Associativelearningisfrequently

assumedtobefartooprimitiveto.explaincomplexvisualcategorizationlikewhatwesawthepigeonsdo,“

Turnersaid.Butthafsexactlywhattheresearchersfound.

Theresearchers9AImodeltackledthesametasksusingjustthetwosimplemechanismsthatpigeonswere

assumedtouse:associativelearninganderrorcorrection.And,likethepigeons,theAImodellearnedtomakethe

rightpredictionstosignificantlyincreasethenumberofcorrectanswers.Forhumans,thechallengewhengiven

taskslikethosegiventopigeonsisthattheywouldtrytocomeupwithrulesthatcouldmakethetaskeasier.But

inthiscase,therewerenorules,whichupsetshumans.

Whafsinteresting,though,isthatpigeonsusethismethodoflearningthatisverysimilartoAIdesignedby

humans,Turnersaid."Wecelebratehowsmartwearethatwedesignedartificialintelligence:atthesametime,we

regardpigeonsasnotcleveranimals,hesaid.

8.Whatisthepurposeofthenewstudy?

A.Totestatheory.B.Toevaluateamodel.

C.Toemployastrategy.D.Toinvolveanapproach.

9.Whatwerethepigeonsexpectedtodointheexperiment?

A.Drawcircles.B.Correcterrors.C.Copygestures.D.Identifyimages.

10.WhatdopigeonsandAIhaveincommonaccordingtothestudy?

A.Theyareofequalintelligence.

B.Theyaregoodatmakingrules.

C.Theyrespondrapidlytoordersfromhumans.

D.Theyemploysimplewaystogetthingsdone.

11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Pigeons5trial-and-errormethodisrevealed

B.Pigeonsoutperformhumansintoughtasks

C.”Notsmart“pigeonsmaybeassmartasAI

D.AImodelsafterpigeons5learningapproach

【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.C

【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究揭示了鸽子在某些问题解决上的能力与人工智

能相似，并通过实验验证了这一观点。

8.细节理解题。根据第一段"Anewstudyrevealsthatpigeons（鸽子）cantacklesomeproblemsjustlikeartificial

intelligence,enablingthemtosolvedifficulttasksthatmightchallengehumans.Previousresearchhastheorized

thatpigeonsemployaproblem-solvingstrategy,involvingatrial-and-errorapproach,whichissimilartothe

approachusedinAImodelsbutdiffersfromhumans5relianceonselectiveattentionandruleuse.Toexamineit,

BrandonTurner,apsychologyprofessorattheOhioStateUniversity,andhiscolleaguesconductedthenew

study.（一项新的研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，使它们能够解决可能挑战人类的困难

任务。先前的研究推测，鸽子采用一种解决问题的策略，包括试错法，这与人工智能模型中使用的方法类

似，但不同于人类对选择性注意和规则使用的依赖。为了检验这一点，俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授布兰

登・特纳和他的同事进行了这项新研究）”可知，这项新研究的目的是为了检验一个理论。故选A项。

9.细节理解题。根据第二段“Inthestudy,thepigeonswerepresentedwithvariousvisualimages,includinglines

ofdifferentwidthsandangles,anddifferenttypesofrings.Thepigeonshadtopeck（啄）abuttonontherightor

lefttoindicatethecategorytowhichtheimagebelonged.（在这项研究中，研究人员向鸽子展示了各种视觉图像,

包括不同宽度和角度的线条，以及不同类型的环。鸽子必须啄一下图片左边或右边的一个按钮来表示图片

所属的类别户可知，鸽子在实验中需要识别图像。故选D项。

10.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Theresearchers?AImodeltackledthesametasksusingjustthetwosimple

mechanismsthatpigeonswereassumedtouse:associativelearninganderrorcorrection.（研究人员的人工智能模

型只使用了假设鸽子使用的两种简单机制：联想学习和纠错）”以及最后一段“What飞interesting,though,is

thatpigeonsusethismethodoflearningthatisverysimilartoAIdesignedbyhumans,Turnersaid."Wecelebrate

howsmartwearethatwedesignedartificialintelligence:atthesametime,weregardpigeonsasnotclever

animals,”hesaid.（Turner说，有趣的是，鸽子使用的这种学习方法与人类设计的人工智能非常相似。他说：

“我们为自己设计出人工智能而感到高兴，但同时，我们认为鸽子并不聪明。可知，根据这项研究，鸽

子和人工智能都采用简单的方法来完成任务。故选D项。

11.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Anewstudyrevealsthatpigeons（鸽子）cantacklesomeproblemsjustlike

artificialintelligence,enablingthemtosolvedifficulttasksthatmightchallengehumans.Previousresearchhas

theorizedthatpigeonsemployaproblem-solvingstrategy,involvingatrial-and-errorapproach,whichissimilar

totheapproachusedinAImodelsbutdiffersfromhumans5relianceonselectiveattentionandruleuse.To

examineit,BrandonTurner,apsychologyprofessorattheOhioStateUniversity,andhiscolleaguesconductedthe

newstudy.（一项新的研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，使它们能够解决可能挑战人类的

困难任务。先前的研究推测，鸽子采用一种解决问题的策略，包括试错法，这与人工智能模型中使用的方

法类似，但不同于人类对选择性注意和规则使用的依赖。为了检验这一点，俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授

布兰登・特纳和他的同事进行了这项新研究）”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了研究表明鸽子在某些问题

解决上的能力与人工智能相似，因此选项C“"Notsmart”pigeonsmaybeassmartasAI（“不聪明”的鸽子可能

和人工智能一样聪明）”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。

5.【2024届山东省聊城市高三一模试题】

Crowdedstreets,noise,andunattractivegreybuildingscanbeboringandstressful.Asolutiontosuch

problemsmaylieinnature,whichcanhavecalmingandrenewingpower.

Introducingvegetationorcolorfuldesignsmaymakecitiesmorelivable.However,growingplantsor

coveringbuildingsinpainttotesttheseapproachesisexpensiveandinconvenient.Moreover,studyingthese

phenomenaoutdoorscanbetricky,asmanyfactorscanaffectthefinalresults.'"Measuringpleasureand

motivationinnaturalsettingsisextremelyhard,“explainedProf.YvonneDelevoye-TurrelloftheUniversityof

Lille."Humanreactionsaresensitivetoenvironmentalchanges,suchasweatherortraffic.Consequently,weused

virtualrealitytomeasurereactionstothesefactorsinavirtualurbanspace.”

Usingvirtualreality,theteamcreatedanimmersive（沉浸式的）urbanenvironmentwitheithernovegetation

orsomegreenvegetation,aswellasintroducedcolorfulpatternsontoapath.Thentheyinvitedstudentsto

participateinthestudy.WearingaVRheadsetandwalkingonthespot,thestudentsspenttimeexploringthe

virtualenvironment.Tofindoutwherethevolunteerswerelookingandforhowlong,eachheadsetincludedan

eyetracker.

Theresearchersfoundthatthestudentswalkedmoreslowlywhentherewasgreenvegetationpresentinthe

experiment,andtheirheartrateincreased.Theywouldspendlesstimelookingatthegroundandmoretime

observingtheirsurroundings.Theseresultsindicateapleasurableexperience.Brightcolorpatternsalonedidnot

havequitethesameupliftingeffectasthegreenvegetation,buttheyinspiredinterestandpassionofthestudents

andattractedtheirstarewhileincreasingtheirheartrate.

Virtualrealitycouldbeavaluabletoolforurbanplanners,enablingthemtovirtuallytesttheimpactof

variousfactors.Inthefuture,theresearchershopetomaketheVRexperienceevenmoreimmersivetoobtainthe

mostaccurateresults.

8.WhatdoesDelevoye-Turrellthinkisdifficultforthesolutiontoboringcitylife?

A.Sensingpeople'sreactionstopleasure.

B.Havingreasonabledesignsforbuildings.

C.ApplyingVRtechnologytocityplanning.

D.Testingtheeffectsintherealworld.

9.Howdoesvirtualrealityworkinthestudy?

A.Bycreatinganimmersivevirtualurbanenvironment.

B.Byinvitingstudentstowalkinthestreet.

C.Bycoveringthepathwithcolorfulpatterns.

D.Bycreatingvirtualparticipants.

10.Whatcanbeinferredaboutbrightcolorpatterns?

A.Theyguidedstudentstofindgreensinreallife.

B.Theyhelpedstudentscontroltheirstrongemotions.

C.Theyawakenedstudents5enthusiasm.

D.Theyweakenedtheimpactofvegetation.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Citybuildingstakepleasureawayfrompeople.

B.Natureempowerspeopleinspecialways.

C.VRhelpstesttheeffectofcolorsandgreensincities.

D.Colorsandgreensincitiespromotehumanhealth.

【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了利用虚拟现实创造虚拟的城市环境来帮助测试自然对人的影响的

研究。

8.细节理解题。根据第一段“Crowdedstreets,noise,andunattractivegreybuildingscanbeboringandstressful.

Asolutiontosuchproblemsmaylieinnature,whichcanhavecalmingandrenewingpower.（拥挤的街道、噪音和

没有吸引力的灰色建筑会让人感到无聊和压力。解决这些问题的办法可能在于大自然，它具有镇静和恢复

活力的力量。）“和第二段”"Measuringpleasureandmotivationinnaturalsettingsisextremelyhard,^^explained

Prof.YvonneDelevoye-TurrelloftheUniversityofLille.（Lille大学的YvonneDelevoye-Turrell教授解释说：

“在自然环境中测量快乐和动机是非常困难的。可知，解决无聊的城市生活的办法的困难在于在现实世

界中测试它的效果。故选D。

9.细节理解题。根据第三段"Usingvirtualreality,theteamcreatedanimmersive（沉浸式的）urbanenvironment

witheithernovegetationorsomegreenvegetation,aswellasintroducedcolorfulpatternsontoapath.（利用虚拟

现实技术，该团队创造了一个沉浸式的城市环境，要么没有植被，要么有一些绿色植被，并在路径上引入

了彩色图案）”可知，虚拟现实通过创造一个沉浸式的虚拟城市环境在研究中发挥作用。故选A。

10.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Brightcolorpatternsalonedidnothavequitethesameupliftingeffectasthe

greenvegetation,buttheyinspiredinterestandpassionofthestudentsandattractedtheirstarewhileincreasing

theirheartrate.（明亮的色彩图案本身并没有绿色植被那么令人振奋的效果，但它们激发了学生们的兴趣和

激情，吸引了他们的目光，同时增加了他们的心率）”可知，鲜艳的色彩图案唤醒了学生的激情。故选C。

11.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“"Measuringpleasureandmotivationinnaturalsettingsisextremely

hard,^^explainedProf.YvonneDelevoye-TurrelloftheUniversityofLille.（Lille大学的YvonneDelevoye

-Turrell教授解释说：“在自然环境中测量快乐和动机是非常困难的。"）”和第二段“Consequently,weused

virtualrealitytomeasurereactionstothesefactorsinavirtualurbanspace.（因此，我们使用虚拟现实来测量在虚

拟城市空间中对这些因素的反应。）”可知，本文主要讲的是利用虚拟现实创造虚拟的城市环境来帮助测试

自然对人的影响的研究，因此本文的主旨是C选项“VRhelpstesttheeffectofcolorsandgreensincities.（VR

有助于测试城市中颜色和绿色的效果。）"。故选C。

6.【2024届山东省临沂市高三一模试题】

WhenAmericananthropologistColinTurnbullpublishedTheMountainPeoplein1972,hereferredtohis

subjects——aUgandangroupcalledtheIk——as"thelovelesspeople.^^Aftertwoyearsofobservations,hedecided

thattheyreflectedhumanity'sbasicinstincts（本能）：cheat,thievery,andpitilessness.ButwhenAthenaAktipis

andhercolleaguesfromtheHumanGenerosityProjecttookadeeperlook,theyidentifiedacommunitythat

sharedeverything.tcTumbullhadvisitedUgandaduringadisastrousfamine（饥荒）.Allhesawiswhathappens

whenpeoplearestarving.9,saysAktipis.Butherteamrevealedthatdespitelivingunderpressure,theIkplaceda

highvalueonhelpingoneanotherwhentheycould.

Aktipisbelievesthataltruismismorecommonandbeneficialthanevolutionarysocialsciencehaslong

thought.4<Itwasassumedthatpeoplearedesignedtoonlydothingstohelpthemselvesortheirrelatives.^^shesays.

Bystudyingtheunique,selflesspracticesthathelpedninecommunitiesacrosstheworldtocontinuetoexist,the

expertsfromtheProjectarelookingtoshowthatweareindeed