2023年全国英语竞赛《C类本科生》初赛试题及答案

2023年全国英语竞赛《C类本科生》初赛试题及答案[单选题]1.Thereare15incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachblankthereare（江南博哥）fourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Reading____thelines,IwouldsaythattheGovernmentaremoreworriedthantheywilladmit.A.alongB.amongC.betweenD.behind正确答案：C参考解析：句意：从言外之意来看，我想说政府比他们承认的更为担心。readbetweenthelines是固定搭配，意为“找出或发觉字里行间的言外之意”。故选C。[单选题]2.Inthephenomenonofatomicfission,thenucleusis____twopiecesofappropriatelyequalmass.A.combinedwithB.coincidingwithC.fallenintoD.splitinto正确答案：D参考解析：句意：在原子裂变现象中，原子核被分裂成质量相当的两块。splitinto分成：将一个整体分成若干部分。combinewith与……结合：将两个或多个事物连接在一起。coincidewith与……同时发生；与……一致。fallinto陷入：指进入某种状态或情况。根据句意可知此处指的是原子核的分裂。故选D。[单选题]4.Whenconfrontedwithsuchquestions,mymindgoes____,andIcanhardlyremembermyowndateofbirth.A.blankB.dimC.faintD.vain正确答案：A参考解析：句意：当面对这样的问题时，我的大脑一片空白，我几乎不记得自己的出生日期。blank空白的，空的；茫然的。dim暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的。faint模糊的，微弱的；微小的。vain虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的。根据句意可知，此处指的是大脑一片空白。故选A。[单选题]5.ItscharmandmildclimatehavemadeSanFrancisco,California,____cityforbothbusinessandresidences.A.acrowdedB.anappealingC.anappropriateD.aprofitable正确答案：B参考解析：句意：加利福尼亚州的旧金山迷人且温和的气候使其成为一个吸引人的商业和住宅城市。appealing吸引人的，有感染力的。crowded拥挤的。appropriate合适的，相称的。profitable盈利的，有利可图的；有益的。根据句意可知此处指的是这座城市吸引人。故选B。[单选题]6.Respectforthelawisthefoundationofcivilizedsociety.____breaksitwillbepunished.A.WhoeverB.WhoC.PersonwhoD.Nomatterwho正确答案：A参考解析：句意：尊重法律是文明社会的基础。无论谁违反了它都会受到惩罚。分析句子结构可知，此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指的是人，有表示“无论”的意思，应该用连接代词whoever，且在名词性从句中不可替换成nomatterwho。故选A。[单选题]7.____studentscanstudyinthe“hotmajors”,becausethenumberofthese“hotmajors”____quitelimited.A.Afew;shouldbeB.Notmany;areC.Onlyafew;isD.Quiteafew;hasbeen正确答案：C参考解析：句意：只有少数学生可以学习“热门专业”，因为这些“热门专业”的数量非常有限。第二空主语为被thenumber修饰，应该用单数形式，排除B项。shouldbe表示“应该”，不符合句意，排除A项。根据句意可知此处描述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，排除D项。故选C。[单选题]8.____receivingfinancialsupportfromfamily,communityorthegovernmentisallowed,itisneveradmired.A.AsB.AlthoughC.LestD.Once正确答案：B参考解析：句意：虽然我们被允许接受家庭、社区或政府的经济支持，但这永远不会受到赞赏。根据句意可知，主从句之间存在转折关系，此处应该为让步状语从句。故选B。[单选题]9.Thesportsmeet,originallyduetobeheldlastFriday,wasfinally____becauseofthebadweather.A.brokenoutB.calledoffC.setoffD.wornout正确答案：B参考解析：句意：原定于上星期五举行的运动会由于天气不好而取消了。calloff停止原计划的进行，终止某个活动或事件。breakdown分解；崩溃；故障。setoff出发，启程；引发；激起。wearout磨损；使精疲力竭。根据句意可知，此处表示的是活动取消。故选B。[单选题]10.OnedayI____anewspaperarticleabouttheretirementofanEnglishprofessoratanearbystatecollege.A.cameacrossB.devotedtoC.putforwardD.setup正确答案：A参考解析：句意：一天，我在报纸上看到一篇关于附近一所州立大学一位英语教授退休的文章。comeacross偶然遇见。devoteto致力于。putforward提出建议、观点或计划。setup建立；安装；布置。故选A。[单选题]11.Whensnow____ontopofabuildingduringthewinter,the____sometimesweakenstheconstructionandoccasionallycausestherooftocollapse.A.scatters;heightB.melts;processC.falls;intensityD.accumulates;weight正确答案：D参考解析：句意：冬天，当积雪积聚在建筑物顶部时，其重量有时会削弱建筑物，偶尔会导致屋顶倒塌。accumulate积累，积攒。scatter撒，播撒；（使）散开。melt（使）熔化，融化；（逐渐）减少，消失。fall跌落，降落。根据语境可知，此处指的是雪积累起来积少成多也会压垮屋顶。故选D。[单选题]12.Charleswasn’tappointedchairmanofthefoundation,____notverypopularwithallitsmembers.A.beingconsideredB.consideringC.havingconsideredD.tobeconsidered正确答案：A参考解析：句意：查尔斯由于在所有成员中并不是特别受欢迎，没有被选为基金会的主席。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，其中非谓语动词consider与句子的主语之间为被动关系，B、C语态错误。D选项为将来时，而根据句意可知这里表示的是现在的事实。故选A。[单选题]13.____peopleoftendesiredifferentgoalsandobjects,itisunderstandablethatonepersonmayfindjoyinrepairinganautomobile,____anothermayfindjoyinsolvingamathproblem.A.Although;soB.For;ifC.Since;whileD.When;however正确答案：C参考解析：句意：人们往往渴望不同的目标和对象，这是可以理解的，一个人可能会从修理汽车中找到乐趣，而另一个人可能会从解决数学问题中找到乐趣。根据oneperson和another可知，此处是以两个人为例进行对比，通常情况下会用连词while表示两者间的对比，且根据句意可知，此处这两个不同选择的例子是为了说明人们渴望的东西不一样，前后属于因果关系。故选C。[单选题]14.—Don’tyouthinkathirty-minutelunchbreakistooshort?—____—Yeah?—Ithinkthirtyminutesislongenoughforlunch.A.NeitherdoI.B.Youareabsolutelyright.C.That’swhatI’mtryingtosay.D.Well,I’mnotsosureaboutit.正确答案：D参考解析：横线前提问三十分钟的时间吃午饭不短吗？对话的后面对方回答觉得三十分钟的时间完全足够了，说明他不赞同这个人的疑问，只有D项符合语境。故选D。[单选题]15.—Hey,youlookgreat.Haveyoubeenexercising?—Yeah,everydayforthelastthreemonths.—Well,itmustbesohardtoexerciseforsolong.—Itis,butIwanttolookgood.Andyouknow____.A.practicemakesperfectB.nopain,nogainC.geniusbeginswithdiligenceD.timeflies正确答案：B参考解析：横线前两人在讨论运动，根据两人对话可知，虽然锻炼很辛苦，但是为了保持身体健康还是会坚持，B项“一分耕耘，一分收获”最符合语境。A项意为“熟能生巧”。C项意为“天才始于勤奋”。D项意为“时光飞逝”。故选B。[问答题]1.SectionA(5marks)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Writetheanswerontheanswersheet.Chinesehistorianscoinedtheterm“SpringandAutumnPeriod”torefertothefirsthalfoftheEasternZhouDynastyandtheterm“WarringStatesPeriod”foritssecondhalfrespectively.GreatchangestookplaceduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodandproductiveforcesadvancedatanunprecedentedspeed.People’sabilitytounderstandandovercomenatureincreasedrapidlyandgreatachievementsweremadeincultureandscience.TheSpringandAutumnPeriodwasatimeofgreatsocialtransformationwhichproducedgreatthinkersandeducatorssuchasLaoziandConfuciusandmilitarystrategistssuchasSunWu.Theirtheorieshavehadaprofoundimpactonlatergenerations.TheBookofSongs,whichwasmostlycompletedduringtheWesternZhouDynastyandtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,isknownforitsgreatinfluenceonChineseliterature.正确答案：中国历史学家创造了“春秋时期”和“战国时期”两个名称分别指代东周的前半时期和后半时期。在春秋时期，社会发生了巨大变革，生产力得到前所未有的提高。人们理解、战胜自然的能力快速发展，在文化和科学方面取得了巨大的成就。春秋时期是一个社会急速转变的时期，涌现出许多伟大的思想家、教育家，如老子和孔子，还有军事家，如孙武。他们的论述对后世产生了深邃的影响。基本上在西周和春秋时期完成的《诗经》也因其对中国文学的巨大影响而著称。参考解析：翻译要点：①coin意为“创造新词，首次使用”。此处注意区别名词词义，这里作句子的谓语动词。②第一句较长，and连接两个并列句，主要解释了两个名称的含义，所以在翻译时可以恰当合并，避免语言重复。③productiveforces意为“生产力”。④第三句翻译时注意将被动语态转换为主动语态。⑤第四句中which引导定语从句修饰先行词transformation，翻译时注意恰当转化。⑥最后一句中，TheBookofSongs意为“《诗经》”，此句中插入了非限制性定语从句，转换为句子主语的定语。[问答题]2.SectionB(10marks)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Writetheanswerontheanswersheet.对年轻的创业者而言，要取得巨大成功，最重要也最难的，或许就是有个好创意。时刻留意并及时识别绝妙的新想法是关键。另一方面，有些年轻人似乎更多是依靠勤奋和坚持而非灵感获得成功。对任何年龄的企业家而言，重要的是要勇于冒险、相信自己、灵活变通、全力以赴。正确答案：Possiblythemostimportantandhardestcomponentofgreatsuccessforyoungentrepreneursisagreatcreativeidea.Keepinganeyeoutforandrecognizingabrilliantideaisthekey.Ontheotherhand,someyoungpeopleseemtosucceedthroughhardworkandperseverancemorethaninspiration.Forentrepreneursofanyage,whatisimportantistobeboldtotakerisks,believeinthemselves,beflexible,anddotheirbest.参考解析：翻译要点：①第一句在翻译时需注意，首先主句在后半句，翻译时前半句作为状语放在句尾更合适，另外，主语需要在翻译的时候进行补充，component意为“部分”，可以作为本句的主语。②第二句在翻译时可以采用非谓语动词作主语，“留意”可译为keepaneyeoutfor。③“勤奋”可译为perseverance。④最后一句在翻译时可以转换为主语从句，不定式作表语，注意后面的动词并列，形式一致。[问答题]3.TherearefiveIQTestquestionsinthispart.Writetheanswersontheanswersheet.WhatdoestheunderlinedphrasemeaninChinese?A:Icouldn’tbelievethathappened!B:Iknow.Areyougoingtosaysomething?A:No,I’mgoingtobitemytongue.正确答案：保持沉默参考解析：B问“你打算说些什么吗？”，A回答“不”，说明他不打算说任何话，所以这里表示的是“保持沉默”。[问答题]4.Whatisthenextnumber?4832512131072?正确答案：8589934592参考解析：解法一：观察可以发现规律，每个数字与其半数相乘，得出后一位数字，131072的半数为65536，131072×65536=8589934592。解法二：题目已知数字可以看作22，23，25，29，217，再考虑数列2，3，5，9，17的规律，3=2×2－1，5=3×2－1，9=5×2－1，17=9×2－1，即后一个数是前一个数的2倍减1，因此下个数应该是17×2－1=33，即233=8589934592。[问答题]5.Atanygatheringwhere,morethantwopeoplearepresent,therewillbeatleasttwopeoplewhohaveexactlythesamenumberoffriendspresent.Isthistrueorfalse?正确答案：It’strue.参考解析：本题问“在一个多于两人的聚会中，至少有两人在这群人中的朋友数相同”正确与否。本题可采用反证法，如果结论错误，那么聚会中的每个人的朋友数都不一样，假设聚会人数为n，则朋友数为0，1，2，3，4，……，n－1。但0和n－1不可能同时存在，因为如果出席者当中有人一个朋友也没有的同时不可能有人认识所有人。因此在按要求列出朋友数时必然有某个数字会出现两次。[问答题]6.Canyousolvetherebus(画谜)wordproblemillustratedbelow?MEJUSTYOU正确答案：Justbetweenyouandme.参考解析：题中JUST一词位于YOU和ME之间，因此为Justbetweenyouandme.意为“不要外传”。[问答题]7.Whichpatternismadewhenthefirsttwopatternsareputtogether?正确答案：E参考解析：题干问两个图形合在一起形成的是什么图形。A项错误，第二张图外面的黑色圆圈与正方形里的三个黑色圆心在不同的顶点上。B项错误，第一张图中黑色圆心大小不一致。C项错误，第一张图中横线长度不一致。D项错误，第二张图黑色长方形大小不一致。E项正确，图形为两者顺时针或者逆时针旋转180度后形成。故选E。[问答题]8.SectionA(10marks)Writea120-wordreportonthenewlyinstalledrenewableenergycapacityinChina.Writethereportontheanswersheet.正确答案：【参考范文】TheabovechartshowsusthenewlyinstalledrenewableenergycapacityduringJanuaryandSeptemberin2022.ItalsotellsusthefuturedevelopmenttrendofnewenergyinChina.Amongallkindsofenergy,thenewlyinstalledrenewableenergyaccountsfornearly80percent.It’snotsurprisingtofindthatsolarenergyisthemainforceamongthesekindsofrenewableenergy,accountsformorethan50percent,whilehydrogenenergyisequaltowindenergy.Itseemsthatpeoplearenotfamiliarwithbiomasspower,whichaccountsforonly2.62millionkilowatt.Solarenergyhasbeenappliedinvariousareas,andwecanlearnfromthechartthatotherrenewablecanalsobeauxiliarymeansinfuture.参考解析：题干要求写一篇关于中国新安装的可再生能源容量的报告。文章首先点名调查报告的主题，接下来具体分析重要数据，新能源总体占比达到约80%，其中太阳能占比最大，氢能与风能占比相当，而生物能目前使用最少。最后进行总结。[问答题]9.SectionB(20marks)SomepeoplethinkTVcommercialsarehelpfulbecausetheysaveconsumers’timebyprovidinginformationinaconvenientway.However,someothersthinkthemajorityofadvertisingismisleadingandoftenconvincescustomerstopurchasewhattheydon’treallyneed.Doyoubelievethatadvertisingishelpfulorharmfultoconsumers?Writea180-wordessaytoexpressyouropinions.Writetheessayontheanswersheet.正确答案：【参考范文】Isadvertisinghelpfulorharmful?TVcommercialsandotherkindsofadvertisementareallaroundourlife,makingsomepeopleannoyedanddoubtwhetherweneedthem.Whilesomepeoplemaycontendthatithasdetrimentaleffectaswell,Iaminfavoroftheactiveaspectsofadvertising.Myreasonsareasfollows.Firstandforemost,advertisementscanoffersomevideosorwordssothatwecanacquiremorecomprehensiveacknowledgeaboutthelatestproducts.Therefore,customerscanmaketheirshoppingexperiencemoreeconomicalandlesstime-consuming.Moreover,elaborateadvertisementscanbeagenuineartform.Lastly,someadvertisinginthemediacanmotivatepeopletocontributetocharities.Inotherwords,Iwouldbehard-pressedtoimaginehowcharitiescangetenoughfundswithoutthehelpofnon-profitads.Admittedly,advertisingmaycarrypotentialdrawbacks.Obviously,thehugeprofitshavepromptedmanycompaniestopresentincorrectinformationabouttheirproducts.Insummary,Iwouldconcedethattheproliferationoftheadvertisingindustryisnotwithoutitsadverseeffects.Overall,Iamconvincedthatweshouldfurtherpromotethedevelopmentofadvertisingandmeanwhilethegovernmentshouldintroducemeasurestoregulatethisindustrymoreeffectively.参考解析：题干要求就电视广告对消费者究竟有用还是有害写一篇文章。本文开篇通过背景铺垫点明主题，并说明支持广告有益的态度。第二段阐述理由，首先广告能帮助我们对最新的产品有更全面的了解，精心制作的广告可以是一种真正的艺术形式，媒体上的一些广告可以激励人们为慈善事业捐款。同时指出，广告中也有一些不实信息。最后一段总结全文，支持广告，但是也需要政府等部门进行广告监管。共享题干题SectionA(5marks)Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblankswiththecorrectformsof5wordsorphrasesoutofthe7giveninthebox.Writetheanswersontheanswersheet.risk;event;light;function;harm;heavy;becauseofBeer,wine,andwhiskycontainalcohol.Alcoholisadrugthatslowsdownthebody’scentralnervoussystem.Whenapersondrinks,thealcoholmovesquicklytothestomachandsmallintestine.41.____,thealcoholreachesthebrain.Itaffectsthewaythebrainworks.Thecerebrumisthecontrolcenterofthebrain.Justasmallamountofalcoholaffectscoordinationandjudgment,andpeoplecan’treacttothingsasquicklyastheycouldwithoutalcohol.Theamountofalcoholinthebloodstreamiscalledthebloodalcoholconcentration,orBAC.AsBACrises,theeffectsonthecentralnervoussystemincrease.Somepeoplewhodrinkabusealcohol.Thatcanleadtoaddiction.Alcoholicsdependonalcohol.Somedoctorsthinkofalcoholismasadiseasebecause,likeadisease,ithassymptomsandcauses42.____changesinbodyorgans.Alcoholabusecandamagetheliningoftheesophagus.Theesophagusisthetubethatconnectsthethroatandthestomach.Thestomachandthesmallintestinecanbeaffected.43.____drinkerscanalsodamagetheirkidneysandhearts.Manydrinkersdevelophighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Alcoholdamagesordestroyslivercells.Scartissuereplaceshealthylivercellsandtheliverstops44.____,andthepersondies.Drinkingalcoholandtakingotherdrugsatthesametimeiseven45.____.Evenaspirincanchangethewayalcoholaffectsaperson.Nevermixalcoholwithotherdrugs.Alwaysrememberthatalcoholisadrug.Evenonedrinkcancausechangesinthebody—andinthemind.[填空题]1.()正确答案：Eventually参考解析：分析句子结构可知，后面为完整的句子，所以此处应该填入一个副词作状语。又根据句意可知，此处表示的是酒精最终会到达大脑对我们的大脑思考产生影响。故填入Eventually。Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblankswiththecorrectformsof5wordsorphrasesoutofthe7giveninthebox.Writetheanswersontheanswersheet.risk;event;light;function;harm;heavy;becauseofBeer,wine,andwhiskycontainalcohol.Alcoholisadrugthatslowsdownthebody’scentralnervoussystem.Whenapersondrinks,thealcoholmovesquicklytothestomachandsmallintestine.41.____,thealcoholreachesthebrain.Itaffectsthewaythebrainworks.Thecerebrumisthecontrolcenterofthebrain.Justasmallamountofalcoholaffectscoordinationandjudgment,andpeoplecan’treacttothingsasquicklyastheycouldwithoutalcohol.Theamountofalcoholinthebloodstreamiscalledthebloodalcoholconcentration,orBAC.AsBACrises,theeffectsonthecentralnervoussystemincrease.Somepeoplewhodrinkabusealcohol.Thatcanleadtoaddiction.Alcoholicsdependonalcohol.Somedoctorsthinkofalcoholismasadiseasebecause,likeadisease,ithassymptomsandcauses42.____changesinbodyorgans.Alcoholabusecandamagetheliningoftheesophagus.Theesophagusisthetubethatconnectsthethroatandthestomach.Thestomachandthesmallintestinecanbeaffected.43.____drinkerscanalsodamagetheirkidneysandhearts.Manydrinkersdevelophighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Alcoholdamagesordestroyslivercells.Scartissuereplaceshealthylivercellsandtheliverstops44.____,andthepersondies.Drinkingalcoholandtakingotherdrugsatthesametimeiseven45.____.Evenaspirincanchangethewayalcoholaffectsaperson.Nevermixalcoholwithotherdrugs.Alwaysrememberthatalcoholisadrug.Evenonedrinkcancausechangesinthebody—andinthemind.[填空题]2.()正确答案：harmful参考解析：分析句子结构可知，横线前为动词，后面为名词，所以此处为形容词修饰changes。而且根据句意可知，本段在讨论酗酒是一种疾病，所以带给人的也是有害的变化。故填入harmful。Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblankswiththecorrectformsof5wordsorphrasesoutofthe7giveninthebox.Writetheanswersontheanswersheet.risk;event;light;function;harm;heavy;becauseofBeer,wine,andwhiskycontainalcohol.Alcoholisadrugthatslowsdownthebody’scentralnervoussystem.Whenapersondrinks,thealcoholmovesquicklytothestomachandsmallintestine.41.____,thealcoholreachesthebrain.Itaffectsthewaythebrainworks.Thecerebrumisthecontrolcenterofthebrain.Justasmallamountofalcoholaffectscoordinationandjudgment,andpeoplecan’treacttothingsasquicklyastheycouldwithoutalcohol.Theamountofalcoholinthebloodstreamiscalledthebloodalcoholconcentration,orBAC.AsBACrises,theeffectsonthecentralnervoussystemincrease.Somepeoplewhodrinkabusealcohol.Thatcanleadtoaddiction.Alcoholicsdependonalcohol.Somedoctorsthinkofalcoholismasadiseasebecause,likeadisease,ithassymptomsandcauses42.____changesinbodyorgans.Alcoholabusecandamagetheliningoftheesophagus.Theesophagusisthetubethatconnectsthethroatandthestomach.Thestomachandthesmallintestinecanbeaffected.43.____drinkerscanalsodamagetheirkidneysandhearts.Manydrinkersdevelophighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Alcoholdamagesordestroyslivercells.Scartissuereplaceshealthylivercellsandtheliverstops44.____,andthepersondies.Drinkingalcoholandtakingotherdrugsatthesametimeiseven45.____.Evenaspirincanchangethewayalcoholaffectsaperson.Nevermixalcoholwithotherdrugs.Alwaysrememberthatalcoholisadrug.Evenonedrinkcancausechangesinthebody—andinthemind.[填空题]3.()正确答案：Heavy参考解析：分析句子结构可知，句子成分完整，空格在主语名词前，所以此处为形容词修饰名词drinkers。又根据上下文语境可知，本段在说明酗酒的危害，所以这些人也是过度饮酒的人。故填入Heavy。Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblankswiththecorrectformsof5wordsorphrasesoutofthe7giveninthebox.Writetheanswersontheanswersheet.risk;event;light;function;harm;heavy;becauseofBeer,wine,andwhiskycontainalcohol.Alcoholisadrugthatslowsdownthebody’scentralnervoussystem.Whenapersondrinks,thealcoholmovesquicklytothestomachandsmallintestine.41.____,thealcoholreachesthebrain.Itaffectsthewaythebrainworks.Thecerebrumisthecontrolcenterofthebrain.Justasmallamountofalcoholaffectscoordinationandjudgment,andpeoplecan’treacttothingsasquicklyastheycouldwithoutalcohol.Theamountofalcoholinthebloodstreamiscalledthebloodalcoholconcentration,orBAC.AsBACrises,theeffectsonthecentralnervoussystemincrease.Somepeoplewhodrinkabusealcohol.Thatcanleadtoaddiction.Alcoholicsdependonalcohol.Somedoctorsthinkofalcoholismasadiseasebecause,likeadisease,ithassymptomsandcauses42.____changesinbodyorgans.Alcoholabusecandamagetheliningoftheesophagus.Theesophagusisthetubethatconnectsthethroatandthestomach.Thestomachandthesmallintestinecanbeaffected.43.____drinkerscanalsodamagetheirkidneysandhearts.Manydrinkersdevelophighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Alcoholdamagesordestroyslivercells.Scartissuereplaceshealthylivercellsandtheliverstops44.____,andthepersondies.Drinkingalcoholandtakingotherdrugsatthesametimeiseven45.____.Evenaspirincanchangethewayalcoholaffectsaperson.Nevermixalcoholwithotherdrugs.Alwaysrememberthatalcoholisadrug.Evenonedrinkcancausechangesinthebody—andinthemind.[填空题]4.()正确答案：functioning参考解析：分析句子结构可知，空格前是动词stop，所以此处应该填入现在分词。结合上下文语境可知，酒精会损害肝脏细胞，进而影响肝脏工作，最终致死。故填入functioning。Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblankswiththecorrectformsof5wordsorphrasesoutofthe7giveninthebox.Writetheanswersontheanswersheet.risk;event;light;function;harm;heavy;becauseofBeer,wine,andwhiskycontainalcohol.Alcoholisadrugthatslowsdownthebody’scentralnervoussystem.Whenapersondrinks,thealcoholmovesquicklytothestomachandsmallintestine.41.____,thealcoholreachesthebrain.Itaffectsthewaythebrainworks.Thecerebrumisthecontrolcenterofthebrain.Justasmallamountofalcoholaffectscoordinationandjudgment,andpeoplecan’treacttothingsasquicklyastheycouldwithoutalcohol.Theamountofalcoholinthebloodstreamiscalledthebloodalcoholconcentration,orBAC.AsBACrises,theeffectsonthecentralnervoussystemincrease.Somepeoplewhodrinkabusealcohol.Thatcanleadtoaddiction.Alcoholicsdependonalcohol.Somedoctorsthinkofalcoholismasadiseasebecause,likeadisease,ithassymptomsandcauses42.____changesinbodyorgans.Alcoholabusecandamagetheliningoftheesophagus.Theesophagusisthetubethatconnectsthethroatandthestomach.Thestomachandthesmallintestinecanbeaffected.43.____drinkerscanalsodamagetheirkidneysandhearts.Manydrinkersdevelophighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Alcoholdamagesordestroyslivercells.Scartissuereplaceshealthylivercellsandtheliverstops44.____,andthepersondies.Drinkingalcoholandtakingotherdrugsatthesametimeiseven45.____.Evenaspirincanchangethewayalcoholaffectsaperson.Nevermixalcoholwithotherdrugs.Alwaysrememberthatalcoholisadrug.Evenonedrinkcancausechangesinthebody—andinthemind.[填空题]5.()正确答案：riskier参考解析：分析句子结构可知，句子为主系表结构，横线处应该填入形容词作表语。又因为横线前有even修饰该形容词，所以应该填入比较级形式。故填入riskier。【全文翻译】啤酒、葡萄酒和威士忌都含有酒精。酒精是一种减缓人体中枢神经系统的药物。当一个人喝酒时，酒精会迅速进入胃和小肠。最终，酒精到达大脑。它会影响大脑的工作方式。端脑是大脑的控制中心。少量的酒精会影响协调性和判断力，人们就不能像没喝酒时那样做出快速反应。血液中的酒精含量称为血液酒精浓度，简称BAC。随着BAC的升高，对中枢神经系统的影响也会增加。有些人酗酒。这会导致上瘾。酗酒者依赖酒精。一些医生认为酗酒是一种疾病，因为它和其他疾病一样，有症状，而且会导致身体器官的有害变化。酗酒会损害食道内壁。食道是连接喉咙和胃的管道。胃和小肠也会受到影响。酗酒者还会损害肾脏和心脏。许多饮酒者会患上高血压和心脏病。酒精损害或破坏肝细胞。疤痕组织会取代健康的肝细胞，当肝脏停止了工作时，人就死了。饮酒的同时，如果服用其他药物，风险更大。甚至阿司匹林也能改变酒精对人的影响。切勿将酒精与其他药物混用。永远记住酒精是一种毒品。即使是一杯酒也会引起身体和心灵的变化。SectionB(5marks)Readthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwithonewordinoneofthefollowingthreeways:accordingtothecontext,byusingthecorrectformofthegivenword(s),orbyusingthegivenletter(s)oftheword.Writetheanswersontheanswersheet.Theworldwouldbeaverydifferentplaceiftheelevatorhadnotbeeninvented.Therewouldbefew,ifany,high-risebuildingsbecausepeoplewould46.ref____toclimballthestairs.Bythetimeemployeesreachedtheirofficesonthetopfloors,itwouldbetimetogohome—iftheywerenottootiredforthelongwalkdown!Inabout230B.C.,theGreekscientistArchimedesdevelopedtheworld’sfirstelevator.Itwasasimpleplatformthatcouldbepulledupanddownwitharope.Anelevatorlikethiswasusedmuchlaterbytwelfth-centurypriestswholivedonamountaintopatMetereoinGreece.Becausetheywere47.____(fright)ofthieves,thepriestshadnotbuiltanystairsupthemountain.Theonlywayupwasbytheelevator,whichthepriestsoperatedfromthetopofthemountain.Intheeighteenthcentury,aFrenchmannamedVillayerinventeda“flyingchair”,whichusedaropeandaplatform.However,italsousedacounterweightinashafttobalancetheweightoftheelevator.Thiswasthefirstelevatorshaft.Anumberofrichpeoplehadtheseflyingchairsbuiltintheirhomes,includingQueenAnneofEnglandatWindsorCastleandKingLouisXVIofFranceatVersailles.48.____(fortunate),Louis’sdaughterwassobadlyhurtwhenusingoneofthesechairsthat,infearofbeingpunished,Villayerdisappeared.Themainproblemforelevatordesignerswasthat49.____humansoranimalshadtopulltheropes.Thiswasnotsolveduntilthediscoveryofsteampower.However,evensteam-poweredelevatorwerenotalwayssafebecausetheystillusedropes,whichsometimesbroke.Then,in1854,AmericaninventorElishaOtiscameupwithawayofpreventingtheelevatorfromfailingiftheropesbroke.Therehedesignedandinstalledwhathecalledthe“safetyhoist,”thefirstelevator50.____(equip)withanautomaticsafetydevicetopreventitfromfallingiftheliftingchainorropebroke.In1857,hebuiltanelevatorinalargeNewYorkdepartmentstore.Nowadayselevatorsuseelectricityandarecompletelysafe.[填空题]6.()正确答案：refuse参考解析：分析句子结构可知，横线前为情态动词would，横线后为介词to，所以此处应该为动词原形。又根据语境可知，前后存在因果关系，如果没有电梯那么高楼大厦也会很少，因为人们不愿意爬高楼。故填入refuse。Readthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwithonewordinoneofthefollowingthreeways:accordingtothecontext,byusingthecorrectformofthegivenword(s),orbyusingthegivenletter(s)oftheword.Writetheanswersontheanswersheet.Theworldwouldbeaverydifferentplaceiftheelevatorhadnotbeeninvented.Therewouldbefew,ifany,high-risebuildingsbecausepeoplewould46.ref____toclimballthestairs.Bythetimeemployeesreachedtheirofficesonthetopfloors,itwouldbetimetogohome—iftheywerenottootiredforthelongwalkdown!Inabout230B.C.,theGreekscientistArchimedesdevelopedtheworld’sfirstelevator.Itwasasimpleplatformthatcouldbepulledupanddownwitharope.Anelevatorlikethiswasusedmuchlaterbytwelfth-centurypriestswholivedonamountaintopatMetereoinGreece.Becausetheywere47.____(fright)ofthieves,thepriestshadnotbuiltanystairsupthemountain.Theonlywayupwasbytheelevator,whichthepriestsoperatedfromthetopofthemountain.Intheeighteenthcentury,aFrenchmannamedVillayerinventeda“flyingchair”,whichusedaropeandaplatform.However,italsousedacounterweightinashafttobalancetheweightoftheelevator.Thiswasthefirstelevatorshaft.Anumberofrichpeoplehadtheseflyingchairsbuiltintheirhomes,includingQueenAnneofEnglandatWindsorCastleandKingLouisXVIofFranceatVersailles.48.____(fortunate),Louis’sdaughterwassobadlyhurtwhenusingoneofthesechairsthat,infearofbeingpunished,Villayerdisappeared.Themainproblemforelevatordesignerswasthat49.____humansoranimalshadtopulltheropes.Thiswasnotsolveduntilthediscoveryofsteampower.However,evensteam-poweredelevatorwerenotalwayssafebecausetheystillusedropes,whichsometimesbroke.Then,in1854,AmericaninventorElishaOtiscameupwithawayofpreventingtheelevatorfromfailingiftheropesbroke.Therehedesignedandinstalledwhathecalledthe“safetyhoist,”thefirstelevator50.____(equip)withanautomaticsafetydevicetopreventitfromfallingiftheliftingchainorropebroke.In1857,hebuiltanelevatorinalargeNewYorkdepartmentstore.Nowadayselevatorsuseelectricityandarecompletelysafe.[填空题]7.()正确答案：frightened参考解析：分析句子结构可知，横线前为be动词的过去式were，所以此处应该填入分词或形容词。故填入frightened。Readthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwithonewordinoneofthefollowingthreeways:accordingtothecontext,byusingthecorrectformofthegivenword(s),orbyusingthegivenletter(s)oftheword.Writetheanswersontheanswersheet.Theworldwouldbeaverydifferentplaceiftheelevatorhadnotbeeninvented.Therewouldbefew,ifany,high-risebuildingsbecausepeoplewould46.ref____toclimballthestairs.Bythetimeemployeesreachedtheirofficesonthetopfloors,itwouldbetimetogohome—iftheywerenottootiredforthelongwalkdown!Inabout230B.C.,theGreekscientistArchimedesdevelopedtheworld’sfirstelevator.Itwasasimpleplatformthatcouldbepulledupanddownwitharope.Anelevatorlikethiswasusedmuchlaterbytwelfth-centurypriestswholivedonamountaintopatMetereoinGreece.Becausetheywere47.____(fright)ofthieves,thepriestshadnotbuiltanystairsupthemountain.Theonlywayupwasbytheelevato