高考英语培优增分一轮人教经典版特训选修772Unit2Robotsa

Ⅰ.阅读理解AFormanyyears,machineshavebeendoingworkthatpeopleoncedid,includingsomedifficultjobs.Searchandrescueoperationsindangerousenvironmentsareoftenseenasthefirstareasthatwillemployhightechnologyrobots.Butthereisanotherareawheretheymaysoontakejobstraditionallyheldbyhumanbeings:therestaurantindustry.TeamsfromaroundtheworldpetedinearlyJuneattheDARPARoboticChallengeFinalsinCalifornia.AteamfromSouthKoreaanditsrobot,calledDRC­Hubo,wonthefirstplaceinthepetition.ThesecondandthirdplacewinnerswerefromtheUnitedStates.Therobotswererequiredtodriveavehicle,climbupstepsanddomechanicalwork.Suchactivitiesareeasyforhumanstoperform,butmoredifficultformachines.Notallofthepetitorsweresuccessful.Thefailuresshowedhowdifficultitistodesigneffectivewalkingmachines.AkihiroSuzukiworksatYaskawaElectric,apanythatdevelopsrobots.Hesaysrobotscannotdoeverythingahumancan,buttheyareabletoworkwithoutbeingtired.Hesaysrobotscannottastefood,changeheatinglevelsorseasoningstogetthebestflavor(风味).Buthesaysifafoodcanbeeasilyprepared,arobotcanrepeatthesamemovementtoreproducethesamemeal.OneJapanesewomanwhosawtherobotsworkingwantedtobringthemhome.MasayoMorisaysshewouldliketohaveahusbandwhocouldworklikearobot.SuzumoMachineryshoweditssushi(寿司)makerrobot.ItperformstheoftendifficultworkofwrappingthepopularJapanesefood.HiroshiMondenisanofficialwiththepany.Hesayspeopleallovertheworldnoweatsushi,buttherearenotenoughskilledworkerstoprepareit.Hesayshismachinecanhelpanyonemakesushi.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要介绍了可以在餐饮业中应用的机器人。1．InParagraph1,theauthortellsus________.A．robotsjustdodifficultjobsB．robotsaresometimesdangerousC．robotsarewidelyusedinourlifeD．robotsaregraduallyreplacinghumans答案：C段落大意题。根据文章第一段第一句“Formanyyears,machineshavebeendoingworkthatpeopleoncedid,includingsomedifficultjobs.”及最后一句中的“therestaurantindustry”可知，机器人正在做着以前由人类做的工作，包括一些困难的工作，且机器人还被应用于餐饮业。由此可知，机器人正被广泛应用于我们的生活中。故选C项。2．WhydidsometeamsfailattheDARPARoboticChallengeFinals?A．Theirrobotscannotbeappliedathome.B．Preparingfoodisreallydifficultforrobots.C．Theyfailedtodesigneffectivewalkingrobots.D．Theirrobotscanjustrepeatthesamemovement.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，有些参赛者的失败表明设计行走机器人有多难。故选C项。3．Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．JapanesemenarelazyB．robotsarepopularinJapanC．JapanhasadvancedhightechnologyD．robotsusuallytakethejobofmakingsushiinJapan答案：B推理判断题。文章最后一段举了两个事例，一是一位看到机器人工作的日本女士想要把它们带回家，二是日本人用机器人做寿司，这两个例子都表明机器人在日本是很受欢迎的。故选B项。4．Inwhichcolumncanweprobablyseethetext?A．Science. B．Culture.C．Health. D．Education.答案：A推理判断题。本文主要介绍机器人在餐饮业中的应用，属于科技类，有可能来自于科学栏目。故选A项。BEverywhereIlookoutsidemyhomeIseepeoplebusyontheirhigh－techdevices,whiledriving,walking,shopping,evensittingintoilets.Whenconnectedelectronically,theyareawayfromphysicalreality.Peoplehavebeeninfluencedtobeetechnologyaddicted.Onesurveyreportedthat“addicted”wasthewordmostmonlyusedbypeopletodescribetheirrelationshiptoiPadandsimilardevices.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplehadahardertimeresistingtheallureofsocialmediathantheydidforsleep,cigarettesandalcohol.Themaingoaloftechnologypaniesistogetpeopletospendmoremoneyandtimeontheirproducts,nottoactuallyimproveourqualityoflife.Theyhavesuccessfullycreatedaculturaldisease.Consumerswillinglygiveuptheirfreedom,moneyandtimetocatchuponthelatestinformation,tokeeppacewiththeirpeersortoappearmodern.Iseepeopletrappedinapathological(病态的)relationshipwithtime－suckingtechnology,wheretheyservetechnologymorethantechnologyservesthem.Icallthistechnologyservitude.Iamreferringtoalossofpersonalfreedomandindependencebecauseofuncontrolledconsumptionofmanykindsofdevicesthateatuptimeandmoney.Whatisahealthyuseoftechnologydevices?Thatisthevitalquestion.Whoisreallyinchargeofmylife?Thatiswhatpeopleneedtoaskthemselvesifwearetohaveanychanceofbreakingupfalsebeliefsabouttheiruseoftechnology.Whenwecanlivehappilywithoutusingsomuchtechnologyforadayoraweek,thenwecanregaincontrolandpersonalfreedom,beethemasteroftechnologyanddiscoverwhatthereistoenjoyinlifefreeoftechnology.MaeWestisfamousforproclaimingthewisdomthat“toomuchofagoodthingiswonderful”.Butit'stimetodiscoverthatitdoesnotworkfortechnology.RichardFernandez,anexecutivecoachatGoogleacknowledgedthat“wecanbesweptawaybyourtechnologies”.Tobreakthegranddigitalconnectionpeoplemustconsiderhowlifelongagocouldbefantasticwithouttoday'soverusedtechnology.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过分析人们过度使用和依赖现代科技设备的种种弊端，呼吁大众减少对高科技设备的过度依赖，回归真实生活。5．Theunderlinedword“allure”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”．A．advantage B．attractionC．adaption D．attempt答案：B词义猜测题。该词所在句中的resist“抵制”，再结合上句中的“addicted”，即人们对现代高科技产品的迷恋可知，画线词与attraction意义接近，意为“吸引”。故选B。6．Fromthepassage,technologypaniesaimto________.A．attractpeopletobuytheirproductsB．providethelatestinformationC．improvepeople'squalityoflifeD．dealwithculturaldiseases答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话可知从这篇文章来看，技术公司目标是吸引人们来买他的产品。故选A。7．Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatpeople________.A．considertoomuchtechnologywonderfulB．haverealizedtheharmofhigh­techdevicesC．canregainfreedomwithouthigh­techdevicesD．mayenjoylifebetterwithoutoverusedtechnology答案：D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话可推断出人们如果不过度使用科技，可以更好地享受生活。故选D。8．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheoverusingofhigh­techdevices?A．Neutral. B．Sceptical.C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.答案：C观点态度题。根据全文内容来看，作者指出了人们过度使用科技的种种弊端，所以作者对过度使用高科技设备的态度是反对。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2018·安徽江南十校第二次联考]LittleHabitsMakeaBigDifferenceEverythingaroundusischangingatanamazingspeed,itseems—butsomethingswillalwaysremainthesame.__1__Someofourdailyhabitshavethepowertoalwaysgiveushappinessandleadtowardsuccess.Herearesomelittlehabitsthatcanmakeabigdifference:1.__2__Manystudieshavelinkedearlyrisingwithsuccess.Anearlymorningwake­upcarriesbenefitsincludingbetterplanningandanticipation(预料)ofproblems,andmoretimetodothethingsthatmakeyouhappy.2．Happinessestothosewhoarecurious.__3__Aslongasyoulive,therewillalwaysbesomethingtolearn,andaslongasyoufollowyourheartandyourpassions,youwon'tmissoutonlearning.3．Believeinyourselfandallthatyouare.__4__Confidenceisthekeytosuccess—thethingthatletsyoulookatthepastwithoutregret,staygroundedinthepresent,andprepareforthefuturewithoutfear.4.Adaywellspentgetsyouagoodnightsleep.Enoughsleepmakesyoufeelhealthierandhappier,andit'smorethanliftingupyourselforremovingexhaustion(疲惫).Adequatesleepisakeypartofyourhealthandinnerhappiness.__5__Itdoesn'ttakeahugeefforttomakeasignificantchangeinyourlife—usingoneortwotinyhabitsmaybeallyouneed.Getstartedtodayandyou'llsoonexperiencetherewards.A．That'swhyhabitsaresopowerful.B．Thegroundworkofallhappinessisgoodhealth.C．Earlytorisemakesyouhealthy,wealthy,andwise.D．Thehabitofrespectmeanstreatingeveryonewithkindness.E．Nothingwillevermakeyouhappierthanhavingfaithinyourself.F．Whenyourestbetter,youcanlivebetterandachievemorehappiness.G．Thereisnostageinlifewhenwecan'tbelearningsomethingvaluable.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个虽小，但是却可以对人生产生重大影响的习惯。1．A上文表述虽然我们周围的一切变化的速度非常快，但是有些事情总是不变，由下一句内容“Someofourdailyhabitshavethepowerto...”可知，设空处应是指习惯的力量。故选A项，其中的powerful与下句中的havethepower相呼应。2．C根据下文可知，本段介绍的是早起的好处，并由设空后一句中的关键词“earlyrising”“success”可确定C项内容符合语境，故选C项。3．G本段主题是保持好奇心的人总会感到幸福。根据设空处后的“人只要活着，总有要学习的东西”可知，G项(人生中的任何一个阶段都能够学到珍贵的东西)符合语境，故选G项。4．E根据本段主题句“Believeinyourselfandallthatyouare.”及设空后的“Confidenceisthekeytosuccess”可知，本段介绍的是要相信自己，自信是成功的关键，E项中的“havingfaithinyourself”正是此意，故选E项。5．F根据上文可知，本段讲述了休息的重要性，休息得越好，才会感到更加幸福，故选F项。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OurgroupSpringhillBaptistChurchstartedafoodpantry(食品储藏室)tohelpoutmembersofthemunity.Aspartoftheprogram,webuythefoodthatwill__1__(distribute)andmakeboxesfordistribution.Wedothison__2__regularbasis—thesecondMondayofeverymonth.Oneday,asmyfriendandI__3__(load)ourgrocerycartswiththenecessaryitemsinthestore,agentlemanaskedus,“__4__doyougetsomanyitems？”Weexplainedweweredoingour__5__(month)groceryshoppingandgavehimsomedetailsaboutourprogram.__6__(say)thatitwasgreat,hewentonwithhisbusiness.Aftergatheringeverythingonourlist,westartedunloadingthefoodtocheckoutatthecounter,only__7__(inform)bythecashierthatourbillhadalreadybeenpaid.Thegentlemanwhoaskedaboutour__8__(intend)hadlefthiscreditcardnumbertopay__9__ourorderandthenwalkedoff.Hehadnoideawhatthecostwasbeforeheleft.Wewere__10__(extreme)shockedatthegenerosityofastranger.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友去为食品储藏室购买食物时遇到了一位绅士，他在得知作者他们的意图后悄悄地为他们支付了账单。1．bedistributed考查动词的语态。作为计划的一部分，我们购买食物并将其进行分配。food与distribute之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。空前是情态动词will，故填bedistributed。2．a考查冠词。我们定期这样做——每个月的第二个星期一。onaregularbasis意为“定期地”。3．wereloading考查动词的时态和主谓一致。当“我”和朋友在商店里正往购物车里装必需品时，一位绅士向我们问道。根据下文中的“weweredoingour...”可知，此处表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；句子的主语是myfriendandI，是复数概念，谓语动词应用复数。故填wereloading。4．Why考查疑问词。根据下文的“Weexplainedweweredoingour...”可知，这位绅士是在问“你们为什么买这么多物品”，故填疑问词Why表示“为什么”。5．monthly考查词性转换。我们解释道我们正在做我们每月一次的食品杂货购物，并给他说了一些关于我们这个计划的细节。根据空前的“our”及空后的“groceryshopping”可知，此处应填形容词作定语。上文的“everymonth”暗示这里填monthly“每月的，每月一次的”。6．Saying考查非谓语动词。逗号后面的句子已有主要动词作谓语，且两句间无连词，故空处所在部分是非谓语动词，此处表示伴随状况，且he与say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。7．tobeinformed考查非谓语动词。作者他们在柜台卸下食物结账时，意外地被收银员告知他们的账单已经被支付了。only后接不定式表示出乎意料的结果，inform与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，故应用不定式的被动式。8．intention考查词性转换。根据空前的“aboutour”可知，此处要填名词，intention意为“意图，目的”。9．for考查介词。payforsth.是固定搭配，意为“为……而付钱，负担……的费用”。故填for。10．extremely考查词性转换。这位陌生人的慷慨使我们非常震惊。应用副词修饰形容词，故填extremely。Ⅳ.书面表达你的美国笔友Bob对钓鱼很有兴趣，请你根据以下要点，写出你和你的爸爸暑假期间某天去钓鱼的经历，通过电子邮件发给Bob，让他分享你