外研版初二(下)英语第18讲：unit-9-语法篇(教师版)

Unit9语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.熟练掌握whether/if引导的宾语从句2.熟练掌握疑问词引导的宾语从句whether/if及疑问词引导的宾语从句1.whether/if引导的宾语从句whether与if意为“是否”，在我们表达不确定的概念时，用whether/if引导宾语从句。此时whether/if在从句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。一般情况下可以互换使用。Heaskedif[whether]wewantedadrink.他问我们是否想喝一杯。Hedidn’ttellmeif[whether]hewouldcome.他没有告诉我他是否会来。1)在介词后、不定式之前、以及直接与ornot连用时，只能用whether。Itdependsonwhethertheletterarrivesintime.这取决于信是否来得及时。Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.我真是哭笑不得。IwillwritetoyouwhetherornotIcancome.我能不能来，我将写信告诉你。注意：若不是直接与ornot用在一起，则有时也可用if：Idon’tknowwhether[if]hewillwinornot.我不知他是否能赢。2)当引导一个否定的宾语从句时，通常用if而不用whether。Idon’tcareifitdoesn’train.我不在乎天是否下雨。注意：在个别词语(如wonder,notsure等)后的从句否定式有时也可用whether引导。Iwonderif[whether]heisn’tmistaken.我想知道他是否错了。2.疑问词引导的宾语从句宾语从句还可以由疑问词what，which，who，where，when，how，why等引导。疑问词在句中有实际意义，且在宾语从句中充当句子成分，不能省略。疑问代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语等；疑问副词在句中作状语。Idon'tknowwhatweshoulddo.我不知道我们应该做什么。Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论哪部电影吗？Canyoutellmewhosheiswaitingfor?你能告诉我她正在等谁吗？Hetolduswheretheyweregoingtotravel.他告诉我们他们打算去哪儿旅游。Doyouknowwhenthetrainwillarrive?你知道火车什么时候到吗？Thepolicetoldushowwecouldgetthere.警察告诉我们怎样可以到那儿。NooneknowswhyAmyisnothappytoday.没有人知道埃米为什么今天不高兴。单项选择1.（2015北京中考）---CanyoutellmetoLondon?---Sure.Nextmonth`.A.whenyouwilltravel B.whenwillyoutravelC.whenyoutravelled D.whendidyoutravel2.（2015内蒙古包头中考）---It'ssaidthatthenewhighwayhasbeencompleted.---Yes,butwedon'tknowit'stobeopenedtotrafficsoon.A.which B.when C.whether D.since 3.（2015内蒙古乌鲁木齐中考）---Whatdidtheyoungladyaskjustnow?---Shewondered.A.whattimewasit B.whetherthebookhadcomeoutC.ifcouldsheusethecomputer D.whenshewillgetherpassport4.（2015陕西中考）---Mum,canyoutellme?Idreamedofhimlastnight.---Nextweek.A.whenmydadcomesback B.wheremydadgoesC.whenmydadwillcomeback D.wheremydadwillgo5.（2015湖北恩施中考）Canyoutellme yourbikethisSunday?A.thatIcanborrow B.whethercanIborrowC.whetherIcanborrow6.Idon'tknow shewillcometomybirthdaypartyornot.A.when B.whether C.what D.who解析及答案：1.本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，先排除B和D；在结合答语“下个月”可知，宾语从句的时态要用一般将来时。故选A。2.句意：---据说新的公路已经竣工了。---是的，但是我们不知道是否很快就能通车。本题考查宾语从句的引导词。故选C。3.空格所在句是含宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句应用陈述语序。A和C是疑问语序，排除；主句时态为一般过去时，从句一般要用相应的过去时，D项用了一般将来时，排除。故选B4.由答语“下周”可推知，问句应对事件进行提问，排除B和D。主句的谓语动词含有情态动词，其宾语从句的时态可根据意义用任何适当的时态。由问句“妈妈，你能告诉我爸爸什么时候回来吗？”及答语可知，宾语从句要用一般将来时，排除A，故选C。5.宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除B；根据本题的疑问语气可排除A。故选C。6.本题中能和ornot搭配的词是whether，意为“是否”，故选B。基础演练一、单项选择1.---Iwonder

.---Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimalsC.whattheycalltheseanimalsD.howdotheycalltheseanimals2.Idon'tknow

thedayaftertomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestartedB.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart3.---Doyouknow

theMP3playerlastTuesday?---Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidforD.howmuchshewillpayfor4.Ican'tunderstand

shelikescomputergamessomuch.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where5.Ican'tremember

Ihaveseenherbefore.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案：1-5CCCCA二、选词填空(句子选词填空)whenwhichwhothatwhy1.---Oh,Ican'tdecide

ofthethreebooksIshouldbuy.---Ithinkthisone,WhoMovedMyCheese,isthemostinteresting.2.---Canyoutellme

thefilmwillstart?---Ateighto'clock.3.---

isyourfriendsounhappy?---Perhapsbecauseheismissinghisoldschool.4.---I'veheard

LiuYangwontheraceinourschoolagain.Isittrue?---Yes.Isn'titwonderful?5.---Couldyoutellme

themaninfrontofthecaris?---LiLei'sfather.答案：1.which 2.when 3.why 4.that 5.who巩固提高三、按要求转换句型(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)1.DoesMr.GreenliveinBeijing?Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellme

Mr.Green

inBeijing?2.Whenwilltheplanearrive?Hewantstoknow.Hewantstoknow

theplane

arrive.3.Whereisshefrom?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellme

?4.Couldyoutellus?Whathappenedtoher?Couldyoutellus

?5.What’swrongwithyou?Fatheraskedme.Fatheraskedmewhatwrongwith.答案：1.whether/if,lives 2.when,will3.wheresheisfrom 4.whathappenedtoher5.was,me四、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)1.我想知道今天有没有去北京的火车。Iwanttoknow

thereisatraintoBeijingtoday.2.我不知道是否会有人买。Idon'tknow

peoplewillbuyit

not.3.你知道一个双人间多少钱吗?Doyouknow

adoubleroom

?4.我想知道为什么你今天上学又迟到了。Iwanttoknow

lateforschoolagaintoday.5.有人问我“五一”期间去了哪里。Someoneasked

duringtheMayDayholiday.答案：1.if/whether 2.whether,or3.howmuch;is 4.whyyouwere5.whereIwent一、单项选择1.Canyoutellme

yourbosslookslike?A.whyB.whichC.whenD.what2.We'llplanttreestomorrow,andIdon'tknow

Tomwillcomeandjoinus.A.ifB.whichC.whatD.where3.---Couldyoutellme

theschoolleavers'partyis?---Intheschoolhall.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.how4.---Haveyoueverseenthefilm2012?---Yes,butIdon'tbelieve

theyear2012willseetheendoftheworld.A.thatB.whatC.howD.if5.Don'twaitforpeopletobefriendly,showthem

afriendlypersonyouare.A.whatB.howC.whenD.where6.Doyouknow

Isawyesterday?Itwasmyfavoritestar,Jackie!A.whomB.whenC.whereD.how7.---Doyouremember

hecame?---Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if8.I'vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweekend.Iwaswondering

youcouldgowithme.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.where9.---Doyouknow

Amycametoschoolthismorning?---Herbikewasbroken,soshehadtowalk.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where10.---Doyouknow

WorldWaterDayis?---OnMarch22nd.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which11.---I'mnotsure

Tonywillcomeornot.---Meneither.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD.weather12.IwastoldtomeetMr.Whiteattheairport.ButIdon'tknow

hewillarrive.A.whenB.howC.whereD.why13.Thomaswantstoknow

Ninalives.A.whereB.whoC.whatD.if14.Idon'tknow

it'spoliteornottoeatwithourarmsorelbowsonthetableinAmerica.A.ifB.whetherC.weatherD.which15.TherearemanyCD-ROMsinthebookshop.Idon'tknow

tobuy.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.how答案：1-5DAAAA 6-10AAABA 11-15CAABB二、完形填空Everyoneneedsfriends.Thereisanoldsaying“FriendsareGod'swayoftakingcareofus.”Buthowdoyoufindrealfriendshipand1it?TheAmericanwriterSallySeamanstellsyoungstudentssomesmart2

tofindfriends.Sallysaysfindingfriendshipisjustlikeplantingatree.Youplanttheseedandtakecareofitto3

itgrow.First,youshouldchooseafriend.4

makesagoodfriend?Itisnotbecauseapersonhasmoneyorgoodlooks.Agoodfriendshouldbekindand5

.Forexample,ifyouhaveabadday,agoodfriendshould6

yourcomplaints(抱怨)anddohisorherbesttohelp.Tomakeafriend,youcannotbetooshy.Youshouldmakeeachotherhappyandshareyour7

.Butthingscannotalwaysbehappy.Eventhebesthavefights.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouhaveafightwithyourfriend?Youhavetotalktohimorher.Whenthereis8

around,haveanhonesttalk.Ifheorshedoesn'twanttotalk,youcouldwritea9

.Therearethreestepstobeingfriendsagain:Tellhimorherhowyouarefeeling;saywhatyourfriendhasdonewrong,and10

whyyoudidthisorthat.Rememberthatfriendshipisthemostimportantthinginyourlife.1.A.knowB.keepC.believeD.remember2.A.reasonsB.lessonsC.newsD.ways3.A.takeB.useC.makeD.cover4.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhenD.Who5.A.famousB.richC.strongD.patient6.A.seeB.listentoC.findD.ask7.A.moneyB.storiesC.livesD.food8.A.someoneB.somethingC.everythingD.noone9.A.letterB.wordC.sentenceD.book10.A.talkB.explainC.thinkD.give答案：1-5BDCAD 6-10BCDAB__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________阅读理解ADearAmericanGirl,Mybirthdaypartyguestlisthasalotofpeopleonit,butIcanonlyinvitefivetomybirthdayparty.They'reallmygoodfriends.HowcanIchoose?JessicaDearJessica,Youcantalktoyourparentsaboutyourbirthdayparty.Explainthatpickingonlyfivefriendsmightcausefriendshipproblemsforyou,andaskifthere'sawaytodealwithit.Couldyouhaveasimplerpartywithmorepeople?Youcanchangeyourpartyplantoincludemorefriends.Thiscouldavoidhurtingpeople'sfeelings.AmericanGirlDearAmericanGirl,There'sagirlinourgradewhoalwaysfollowsusaround.Wedon'tlikeherbecauseshe'sannoyingandalwaysgettinginourbusiness(插手我们的事情).Howcanwegethertoplaywithsomeoneelsewithouthurtingherfeelings?FourfriendsDearFourfriends,Youfourneedtobecarefulbecausethisishowmanybullying(欺负)situationsgetstarted.Thisgirlisjusttryingtofindaplacetofitin.Maybeit'swithyourgroup,andmaybenot.Eitherway,trynottobemadatherfor"annoyingyou",andreallygiveherachance.Bekind.Sayhi.Andacceptthefactthatshe'snotperfect—whoisperfect,afterall?Ifsheasksyouquestionsyoudon'twanttoanswer,justaskheraquestionaboutherselftochangethetopic.Tellingthisgirltoplaywithsomeoneelsecanturnquicklyintobullying.Thatwillhurtherfeelingsandmightputyoufourintrouble.Sojustshareyourfriendship.AmericanGirl1.Theunderlinedword"it"refersto

.A.birthdaypartyB.birthdayplanC.guestlistD.restaurant2.AccordingtoAmericanGirl,Jessicashould

.A.nothaveabirthdaypartyB.haveabirthdaypartywithherfamilyC.invitefivebestfriendstoherbirthdaypartyD.haveasimplerbirthdaypartywithmorefriends3.AmericanGirladvisesFourfriendsto

.A.saynothingtothegirlB.makethegirlbeperfectC.givethegirlachanceD.tellthegirltoplaywithsomeoneelseBFeelingLeftOut?Areaderwroteintosaythatshewasfeelinglonelyatbreakbecauseherbestfriendwasn'taround.Here'souradvicetoher—andtoallkidswhofeellonelysometimes.It'shardwhenabestfriendisn'taround—maybebecauseshemovedtoadifferentschooloradifferentclass.Youmayfeellonelyatbreakorlunchtime.Youwanttohavenewfriends,buthowdoyoumakethem?Maybeitseemslikeeverybodyelsealreadyhastheirfriends.Butremember,there'salwaysroomformorefriends.Startbylookingaroundyourclassroom—thinkaboutwhichkidsyou'dliketoplaywithatbreak.Lookforchancestosayhitothem,smile,andbefriendly.Offertosharesomethingorexpressyourappreciation(欣赏)tothem.Invitesomeonetoplaywithyouorsay"Doyouwanttosithere?"inthelunchroom.Whenyou'reatbreak,walkovertothekidsyouwanttoplaywith,actfriendly,andsay"Hi,canIplay,too?"orjustjoinin.Ifyouhavetroubledoingthisorifyou'refeelingshy,askyourteachertohelpyoumakenewfriends.Teachersareusuallyprettygoodatmatchingupfriends.Thebestwaytomakefriendsistobeafriend.Bekind,befriendly,share,saynicethings,offertohelp—andprettysoon,you'llhaveone,ortwo,orevenmorenewfriends.Youmightstillmissthatspecialbestfriend.Butwhenyouseeeachother,youcansharesomethingyoudidn'thavebeforesheleft.Youcanintroducehertoyournewfriends!4.Thistextiswrittenfor

.A.teachersB.parentsC.studentsD.visitors5.Accordingtothewriter,somekidsfeellonelyatbreakbecausethey

.A.havetroublewiththeirstudiesB.don'thavetheirbestfriendsaroundC.needtheirparentstobewiththemD.aretooyoungtolookafterthemselves6.Theunderlinedword"this"inParagraph4refersto(指的是)

.A.sharingyourideasB.talkingbeforemanypeopleC.studyingbetteratschoolD.developingnewfriendship7.Somekidsneedhelpfromteacherstomakefriendsbecause

.A.theymisstheiroldfriendsalotB.theyhavenotimetostaywithothersC.teachersknowwhowantsanewfriendD.theyareshyornotgoodatmakingfriends8.Theexpression"feelingleftout"means"

"inChinese.A.受冷落B.被调侃C.挨批评D.遭攻击CFriendsareimportanttothechildren.Researchshowsthatchildrenwhohavenofriendscansufferfromdifficultieslaterinlife.Friendshipprovideschildrenwithmorethanjustfun.Inmakingfriends,childrenlearnhowtogetintouchwiththeothersandsolveproblems.Havingfriendsevendoesgoodtochildren'sstudyfortheycanhelpeachotherduringtheclass.Iftheparentscareabouttheirchildrenwhethertheymademanyfriends,whatmattersisthatthechildiscomfortableandhappywithhisfriends.Parentsneedtounderstandthestepschildrentakeinbuildingfriendships.Firstofall,beafriendtoyourchild.Goodfriendshipsstartathome.Childrenbegintodevelopthenecessaryabilitytogooutandmeetothersthroughgettingwiththeirparents.Greetthechildwarmlyandlethimknowyouaregladtoseehim.Childrenlearnalotfromhowtheirparentsstaywiththemandotherpeople.Teachchildrenhowtosolveconflicts(争端).Beingabletoworkoutconflictsisanimportantskillingettingalongwithothers.Ifparentsknowthechildrenhaveaconflict,letthemworkitoutontheirown.Onlystepinifitisreallynecessary,forexample,anargumentisgettingphysical.Givechildrenchancestopracticestayingtogether.Havechildrenplaygamesthatrequireteamworkandgroupproblemsolvingskills.Forexample,racesarefunandprovideplentyofpracticeinteamwork."Inwhatwaysdidn'tyouworkwelltogether?Whatmightyoudodifferentlynexttime?"Fortheseideas,seebookssuchasGamesBookbyTerryOrlick,EnergizersbyCarolApacki,andTeam-BuildingActivitiesforEveryGroupbyAlannaJones.Encouragechildrentoshowthankstotheothers.Theparentscanencouragechildrentodothisbysettingtheexampleforthem.9.Accordingtothearticle,ifonechildhasnofriend,hewill

.A.havesometroublesinthefutureB.worryabouteverythinginthefutureC.notknowtheimportanceofmakingfriendsD.notfindanybodytohelphim10.FriendshipcanbehelpfultothechildrenEXCEPT

.A.providingalotoffunB.gettingintouchwithothersC.solvingtheproblemsD.helpingtotrickintheexams11.Thewriter'spurposeofwritingthearticleisto

.A.tellwhatparentsshoulddotohelpthechildrenmakefriendsB.showfriendsevendoesgoodtochildren'sstudyduringtheclassC.telltheparentsneedtounderstandthestepsofchildren'sfriendshipD.showhowimportantthefriendshipistothechildren12.Whenthechildrendisagreewitheachother,theparentsshould

.A.letthemfightwitheachotheruntiltheyfindwhoisthewinnerB.donothingtothechildrenandbelieveintheirabilitiesC.letthemworkitoutbythemselvesandhelpifnecessaryD.talkwiththemandtrytofindgoodwaystostaytogetherD（湖北孝感市孝南区2015年5月联考）"Howareyou?"isanicequestion.It'safriendlywaythatpeopleintheUSAgreeteachother.But"Howareyou?"isalsoaveryunusualquestion.It'saquestionthatoftendoesn'tneedananswer.Thepersonwhoasks"Howareyou?"hopestoheartheanswer"Fine",eveniftheperson'sfriendisn'tfine.Thereasonisthat"Howareyou?"isn'treallyaquestionand"Fine"isn'treallyananswer.

Theyaresimplyotherwaysofsaying"Hello"or"Hi".Sometimes,peopledon'tsayexactlywhattheymean.Forexample,whensomeoneasks"Doyouagree?",theotherpersonmightthink