人教版高考英语一轮复习语法专题4第2讲形容词和副词课件

第2讲形容词和副词内容索引010203情境导入考点解读技法图解04考点达标检测情境导入Somepeoplethinkthattheywillgetilliftheyusetheirbrainstoomuch.Itisnottrue.Throughmanystudies,scientistsshowusthatthe

moreyouuseyourbrain,the

betteritwillbeandthe

cleverer①youwillbecome.Ofcourse,ifyouwanttokeepyourmindclearandactive,youmusttakeaproperrestandstudyproperly②.Totheteenagers,usingtheirbrainsinthemorningisgoodfortheirhealth.Therearemanywaystorest.Oneisapeaceful③

rest.Sleepisapeacefulrest.Anotherisanactiverest.For

example,youcantakeawalkoutdoorsanddomoreexerciseeveryday.用法感悟1.根据①可知,“the

+比较级,the+比较级”意为“

”。

2.②中的properly为

词,其词根是

,词缀为

。3.③中的peaceful为形容词,其词根是

,词缀为

。

越……越……副proper-lypeace-ful考点解读考点1形容词和副词的构词规律1.形容词的构词规律类别例词词尾加-yrain→rainy,cloud→cloudy,luck→lucky,health→healthy,sleep→sleepy,wealth→wealthy词尾加-(e)dlearn→learned,gift→gifted,talent→talented,advance→advanced,excite→excited词尾加-ingchallenge→challenging,surprise→surprising,convince→convincing,frighten→frightening类别例词词尾加-ful/-lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless,care→careful/careless,help→helpful/helpless,harm→harmful/harmless,colour→colourful/colourless,thank→thankful/thankless,peace→peaceful/peaceless,use→useful/useless,home→homeless词尾加-ableaccept→acceptable,comfort→comfortable,knowledge→knowledgeable,accept→acceptable,respect→respectable,reason→reasonable词尾加-ousdanger→dangerous,courage→courageous,humour→humorous词尾的-ce变为-tconfidence→confident,difference→different词尾加-almusic→musical,person→personal,nation→national,education→educational,tradition→traditional类别例词词尾加-lyfriend→friendly,week→weekly,love→lovely词尾加-enwood→wooden,wool→woolen动词词尾加-ive/-ativeattract→attractive,talk→talkative,prevent→preventive,protect→protective其他常见变化energy→energetic,fool→foolish,pleasure→pleasant/pleased,science→scientific[以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny,fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy,ice→icy,taste→tasty等)]【点津】区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词的具体方法:(1)-ing形容词主要用于修饰物或事,表示事物的性质特征,常译为“令人……的”。(2)-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受,常译为“感到……的”,强调人自身的情感波动;修饰事物时,则多修饰smile(微笑)、feeling(感觉)、appearance(外貌)、cry(哭)、face(面部表情)、voice(声音)、mood(情绪)、look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。2.副词的构词规律

类别例词形容词+后缀-lyclear→clearly,great→greatly,loud→loudly,sudden→suddenly,sincere→sincerely以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-lyhappy→happily,heavy→heavily,angry→angrily,lucky→luckily,noisy→noisily词尾为-ble/-le的形容词,去e再加-yterrible→terribly,possible→possibly,gentle→gently,probable→probably,comfortable→comfortably,responsible→responsibly,suitable→suitably(例外:whole→wholly)类别例词词尾为-ue的形容词,去e再加-lytrue→truly词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-yfull→fully,dull→dully词尾为-ic的形容词,加-allybasic→basically,scientific→scientifically,specific→specifically,automatic→automatically小题快练

单句语法填空1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Xiao

long

bao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot,

(taste)soupandsweet,fresh

meat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.

2.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,though,onesteamerbasketis

(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,andsoIamalwaysleftwantingmorenexttime.

3.(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethearrivalofthetwonewpandas,Meng

MengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand

(confidence)speakingEnglish.

tastyrarelyconfident4.(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)So,whataretheylearning?

(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.

5.(2023全国乙卷)The

(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,means

thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.

Basicallyremarkable6.(2023全国甲卷)

(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.

7.(2023浙江1月卷)Theterm“hutong”,

(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.

8.(2023浙江1月卷)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby

(space)homesandwalledgardens.

Differentoriginallyspacious考点2比较等级的构成和用法一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加-er或-estlonglongerlongest以-e结尾,只加-r或-stfinefinerfinest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-estbighotfatbiggerhotterfatterbiggesthottestfattest以辅音字母+-y结尾,先变y为i再加-er或-esthappyeasyhappiereasierhappiesteasiest其他双音节词和多音节词在词前加more或mostdifficultbeautifulmoredifficultmorebeautifulmostdifficultmostbeautiful不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/well(健康的)betterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldestlittle(少的)lessleastfarfarther(具体)farthest(具体)further(抽象)furthest(抽象)二、比较等级的用法

同级比较as+adj.(原级)+as...“和……一样……”;notas/so+adj.(原级)+as...“不如……”Thetouristattractionisas

attractive

asthatone.这个旅游胜地和那个一样有吸引力。当as...as...结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:①as+形容词原级+a(n)+可数名词单数+as...②as+many+可数名词复数+as...③as+much+不可数名词+as...I’mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleanandIhaveneverhadas

tiring

a

day

astoday.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累,我从来没有像今天这样累过。比较级①“形容词比较级+than...”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”②“less+形容词原级+than...”表示“一方不及另一方……”特别提醒:修饰比较级的常用词和短语主要有much、even、still、far、alittle、alot、rather等;more、very等副词不可修饰比较级。Theproblemismore

importantthanthatone.这个问题比那个更重要。Iamless

fortunate

thanhim.我没有他幸运。Youlooka

little

happier

thanyoudidyesterday.你比昨天显得高兴一点了。最高级最高级的常见用法①“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”表示“……中最……的”②oneof+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数③the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itisthe

best

he

has

ever

got.安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到过的最好的玩具。Shanghaiisone

of

the

biggest

citiesinourcountry.上海是我国最大的城市之一。Africaisthe

second

largest

continentintheworld.非洲是世界第二大洲。最高级最高级的其他表达①否定词+比较级②比较级+than+anyother+可数名词单数③比较级+than+theother+可数名词复数④比较级+than+anyoftheother+可数名词复数⑤比较级+than+anything/anyoneelseYourstoryisperfect;I’ve

neverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了,我以前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。TheYangtzeRiverislonger

than

any

other

river/than

the

other

rivers/than

any

of

the

other

riversinChina.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。含有比较等级的特殊用法①the+比较级...,the+比较级...“越……,(就)越……”②比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”③the+比较级+ofthetwo+可数名词复数“两者中较……的那个”④nomorethan“仅仅”;notmorethan“至多;不超过”⑤more...than...“与其说……不如说……”⑥no+比较级+than“和……一样不……”⑦not+比较级+than“不比……更……”⑧倍数句型a.倍数+比较级+thanb.倍数+as+形容词原级+asc.倍数+the+名词(size、length、height等)+of小题快练

单句语法填空1.(2023浙江1月卷)Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand___________

(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswerenarrower.2.(2022全国甲卷)In2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s

(high)mountain.

3.(2022全国乙卷)AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe

(large)tea-producingcountry...

4.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the

(hot)thespring!

5.(2021全国甲卷)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!

simpler/moresimplehighestlargesthotterbetter技法图解【例1】

Hisforeignperspective,

(globe)visionandWesternwayofthinkingmakeaconsistentnarration.

分析:解本题时可采用句法功能法。设空处作定语,修饰名词vision,故应用形容词形式。global【例2】

Thisisthesecond

(deep)recordintheworldaftertheonesetbytheRussianVityaz-DAUV.

分析:解本题时可采用语境分析法。根据“after

the

one

set

by

the

Russian

Vityaz-D

AUV”可知,此处表示这是继俄罗斯Vityaz-D

AUV之后的世界第二深的记录,所以second

后跟deep的最高级。deepest考点达标检测Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2024吉林通化模拟)MountQomolangmaisthe

(high)mountainintheworld,but

(unfortunate)itisoneofthemessiest,too.

2.(2024湖南百校联考)Thetradingactivityhasbroughtcultureexchange,

religionsspreadingandcontraststotheconnected

(region)andformedaremarkableculturetiefeaturedbyAsian,EuropeanandtheMediterraneanbank.

3.(2024江苏南通模拟)UNESCOsent

(congratulation)ontheamazingnewdiscoverythroughavideo.

4.(2024重庆八中模拟)Actually,the

(apply)ofmoderntechnologieshasbecomeamajorcharacteristicoftheevent.

highestunfortunatelyregionscongratulationsapplication5.(2024江苏南通模拟)Thebronzeanimalisthe

(big)everfoundindecadesofdiggingattheSanxingduiRuins.

6.(2024云南师大附中模拟)YangYucheng

(practical)livesinhishosieryfactory(袜厂)thesedays,inspectingtheproductionandqualityofproducts,andcommunicatingwithoverseascustomersabouttheirorders.

7.(2024河南许昌模拟)In2007,duetostrongdemandfromtheUSpublic,theChinesegovernmentagreedtoextendTaiShan’sstayintheUnitedStatesforan

(addition)twoyears.

8.(2024河南许昌模拟)Thereare

(current)1,864wildgiantpandasinChinaandattheendoflastyear,therewereanother698incaptivity.

biggestpracticallyadditionalcurrently9.(2024河南许昌模拟)In1869,theFrench

(natural)andmissionaryArmandDavid,introducedtheuniqueanimaltotheWesternworld.

10.(2024河北部分重点高中联考)KunquOperausesaseeminglyendless

(vary)ofgesturestoexpressspecificemotionsandhasdistinguisheditselfbyitsrhythmicpatternsandexertedadominantimpactonallthemorerecentformsofoperainChina,suchasPekingOpera.

naturalistvarietyⅡ.语法与写作1.(2023全国甲卷,书面表达)给我印象最深的是他著名的人生哲学:“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”。(数词)2.(2023浙江1月卷,应用文写作)上周末,我参加了一个由学生会举办的活动,旨在教育我们更多的日常生物知识。(名词所有格)3.(2022全国甲卷,书面表达)参与的人越多,海洋环境就越好。(the+比较级,the+比较级)Whatimpressesmemostishisfamousphilosophyoflife:“Bethefirsttoworryaboutthetroublesacrosstheland,thelasttoenjoyuniversalhappiness.”Lastweekend,ItookpartinaneventheldbytheStudents’Union,whichisaimedateducatingusmoreaboutdailybiology.Themorepeopleareinvolved,thebettertheoceanenvironmentis.4.(2021全国乙卷,书面表达)此外,我们可以利用各种资源使学习更有趣。(比较级)5.(2021全国甲卷,书面表达)众所周知,中国是世界四大文明古国之一,有着5000多年的历史和无数博大精深的文化。(名词复数)Besides,wecanuseallkindsofresourcestomakelearningmoreinteresting.Asweallknow,Chinaisoneofthefourancientcivilizationswithmorethan5,000yearsofhistoryandcountlessprofoundcultures.Ⅲ.语法填空(名词、形容词和副词专练)MaryhadlivedinChinafornearlytwenty1.

(year)beforeshecamehere.I’veplannedtovisitChinanextyear.SoIrequestedhertotellmethe2.

(good)timetogothere.Marysaidtome,“ThemostcomfortabletimetovisitChinaiseitherbetweenMarchandMayorbetweenSeptemberandearlyNovember.Duringthesemonths,theweatheris3.

(particular)pleasantthroughoutthecountry,neithertoohotnortoocold.”

yearsbestparticularlyI’m4.