商务函电课件(关老师)

SchoolofInternationalEconomicsChapter3:QuantityofGoods商品的数量SchoolofInternationalEconomicsQuantityofGoodsReferstotheweight,number,length,volume,area,capacity,etc.whichareindicatedbydifferentmeasuringunits.Accordingtothelegalstipulationsofsomecapitalistcountries,thequantityofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellermustbeinconformitywiththatstipulatedinthecontract.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsQuantityofGoodsArticle52,Item2inthe“UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods”stipulates:Ifthesellerdeliversaquantityofthegoodsgreaterthanthatprovidedforinthecontract,thebuyermaytakedeliveryorrefusetotakedeliveryoftheexcessquantity.Ifthebuyertakesdeliveryofallorpartoftheexcessquantity,hemustpayforitatthecontractrate.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoodsCalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsMethodsofCalculatingWeightSchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoods1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsTheadoptionofmeasuringunitsisdecidedbythenatureofthegoods.Themeasuringsystemsindifferentcountriesarenotthesame,themeasuringunitsandmeasuringmethodsareaccordinglydifferent.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsMeasuringUnitsAdoptedinChinaWeight(重量):Usuallyusedformineralproducts,agriculturalandby-products,itincludesgram,kilogram,ounce(盎司),pound(英镑),metricton(公吨),longton(长吨),shortton(短吨),etc.Number(个数):Constantlyusedformeasurementofindustrialproductsandgeneralproducts,itincludespiece,pair,set,dozen,gross(罗),ream(令),etc.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsMeasuringUnitsAdoptedinChinaLength(长度):Mostlyusedfortextileproducts,metalcords,etc.,itincludesmeter,foot(英尺),yard(码),etc.Area(面积):Oftenusedforglass,textileproducts,etc.,itincludessquaremeter(平方米),squarefoot(平方英尺),etc.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsMeasuringUnitsAdoptedinChinaVolume(体积):Generallyusedfortimber,chemicalgases,etc.,itincludescubicmeter(立方米),cubicfoot(立方尺),cubicyard(立方码),etc.Capacity(容积):Mostlyusedforgrain,petroleum,etc.,itincludeslitre,gallon(加仑),bushel(蒲式耳),etc.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsCommonlyusedmeasuringsystemsininternationaltrade:

SI(InternationalSystemofUnits)国际单位制

MetricSystem公制

U.S,System美制

BritishSystem英制SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoods“MeasurementActofthePeople’sRepublicofChina”:Legalmeasuringunitsofthenation:SIandtheothermeasuringunitsselectedbyourcountry.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsAttention:Sincedifferentcountriesadoptdifferentmeasuringsystems,thesamenameofthemeasuringunitdoesnotalwaysrefertothesamequantity.Example:“Ton”Metricsystem:metricton=1,000Kg.BritishSystem:longton=1,016Kg.U.S,System:shortton=907Kg.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoods2.MethodsofCalculatingWeightGrossWeightNetWeightConditionedWeightTheoreticalWeightSchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoods2.MethodsofCalculatingWeightGrossWeight（毛重）:Thegrossweightreferstotheweightofthecargoitselfplusthetare（皮重）,i.e.,theweightofthecargoplustheweightofthepackingmaterial.NetWeight（净重）:Thenetweightistheactualweightofthegoods.Thetareisnotincluded.

“GrossforNet”SchoolofInternationalEconomicsNetWeight

“GrossforNet”(以毛作净)Somecargoes,Suchastobaccoflakes,newsreelswhosepackingarenotconvenienttobecalculatedbynetweight,Orthose,thevaluesofthepackingmaterialsarealmostthesameasthevaluesofthecargoesthemselves,suchasgrain,fodder,etc.,areoftencalculatedbygrossweight,whichiscalled“GrossforNet”ininternationaltrade.Example:NortheastChinasoybean,1,000M/T,packedinsinglenewgunnybags,100kilogramsperbag,grossfornetSchoolofInternationalEconomicsNetWeightMethodsofCalculatingtheTare

ActualTareAverageTareCustomaryTareComputedTareSchoolofInternationalEconomicsNetWeightMethodsofCalculatingtheTareActualTare:(实际皮重)

Inordertogettheactualtareofthegoods,weshallcalculatetheweightofeachpackingofthegoodsonebyoneforthewholelot.AverageTare:(平均皮重)

Asthepackingmaterialsandspecificationsofsomecargoesareuniform,wecangettheaveragetarebyweighingapartofthecargopacking.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsNetWeightMethodsofCalculatingtheTareCustomaryTare:(习惯皮重)

Asformoreunifiedpacking,wecantaketheweightsofthemcommonlyacceptedbythemarketasthecustomarytares.ComputedTare:(约定皮重)

Wemaytaketheagreedpackingweightasastandard,sothatitisunnecessarytoweighanymore.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoods2.MethodsofCalculatingWeightConditionedWeight:(公量)

Inordertogettheconditionedweight,weshallfirstofallbyascientificmethodabstractwaterfromthecargo,thenputthestandardwatercontentinit.Example:suchascotton,wool,rawsilk,etc.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsConditionedWeightFormulaofCalculatingtheConditionedWeight

Conditionedweight=actualweightx(1+standardregainingrateofwater)1+actualregainingrateofwater

Standardregainingrateofwater:istheratiobetweenthewatercontentandthedryweightofthecargowhichisacceptedontheworldmarket.Actual

regainingrateofwater:istheratiobetweentheactualregainingwatercontentinthecargoandtheactualdryweight.Example:theacceptedinternationalstandardregainingwatercontentofwoolandrawsilkis11%SchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoods2.MethodsofCalculatingWeightTheoreticalWeight:(理论重量)Somefixedcargoes,haveunifiedshapesandmeasurements,aslongasthespecificationisidentical,thesizeisconformable,theweightwillbeaboutthesame,wecancalculatetheweightaccordingtothenumberofpieces.

Example:suchastinplate(马口铁),steelplate(钢板),etc.

SchoolofInternationalEconomicsB:QuantityClauseintheContractThebasiccontentsofthequantityclausearethequantitytobedeliveredandthemeasuringunittobeused.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsB:QuantityClauseintheContractAstothegoodscalculatedbyweight,weshouldclearlystipulatethespecificcalculatingmethod,suchasthegrossweight,netweight,conditionedweight,etc.Example:Chineserice,500M/Tpackedingunnybags,50kg.each,netweight.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsB:QuantityClauseintheContractTheweightsofsomegoodsarenoteasytobeaccurate.Inordertoavoiddisputesduringthefulfillmentofthecontract,bothpartiesshalldeterminethedeliveryquantityreasonablyandflexiblyinthecontract.MoreorLessAboutorCircaorApproximate

SchoolofInternationalEconomicsTwowaystostipulatethequantitylatitude1.MoreorLess(溢短装条款)Inthecontract,wecanstipulatethatthesellermaydeliverthegoodswithacertainpercentagemoreorlessinquantityaccordingtotheagreedquantitylatitude.Themoreorlessclauseisusuallyattheseller’soption.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.MoreorLess(溢短装条款)

Example:“ShandongPeanut,800,000