高一上定语从句学案

高一上定语从句第一课时学案（张绍春）一．定语从句概述。先行词：关系代词：定语从句的位置：定语从句的含义和作用：二．关系代词在句中作主语。Stepone文中句子重现。ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongsandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead..Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Steptwo归纳总结一：从以上例句的形式我们可以看出，例1，2是定语从句；例3—7是定语从句。which/who/that/whosehome在从句中作。定语从句中谓语单复数由决定。归纳总结二：认真分析文中出现的定语从句，归纳关系代词的作用修饰功能在从句中的作用修饰人修饰物修饰人或物主语定语三．模仿例句3-7翻译下列句子。我昨天买的那本书丢失了。喜欢游泳的那个男孩是我的朋友。我们住在门开着的那个房间。四．定语从句实践：playagame.Getintogroupsandmakeupsentencesaccordingtotheexample.Takingturnstocompletethesentenceswiththat,which,whoorwhose.EXAPLE:theboyboughtabicycle.S1:theboyboughtabicyclethat/whichwasstolenfromhisneighbour.S2:theboywho/thatiswearingaredjacketboughtabicycle.S3:theboywhoseglasseswerebrokenboughtabicycle.Repeatthegameusingthesentences:TheboylikesthestorybookThemanboughtthehouse.Thesurvivorsweredugoutbythesoldiers.Thenationwasshockedatthenews.备注：Who/whom/that,which/that,whose+n在从句中做宾语。Theboywhom/who/thatwejustsawinthelibraryisthemonitorofClassThree.Marydidn’tfindthebookwhich/thatshelostyesterday.Theoldmanwho/whom/thatIoftentakecareofis65yearsold.HeisthemanwhoseumbrellaIborrowedyesterday.ThetreewhoseleavesIpickedisverytall.归纳总结:Who/whom/that,which/that在从句中做宾语也可以省略。还原到从句中。只能使用that的情况。Newtonwasoneofthegreatestscientiststhateverlived.Heisthefirstmanthatcomestotheparty.Shecouldn’tunderstandanything(that)theyhadtoldher.Weareimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwevisitedthere.高一上定语从句第一课时练习用适当的关系代词填空Heprefersthevegetables_____arefromhisparents’farm.You’dbetternotdrinkwater_____hasnotbeenboiled.3.Youhavedoneall_____yourparentswantedyoutodo.4.Pleaseletmeknowwhetherthereisanything_____Icandoforyou.5.Attheparty,theoldschoolfriendstalkedofthethingsandpersons_____theycouldrememberintheschool.6.Thelastfilm_____Isawin1999wasMyFatherandMyMother.7.Heistheveryperson_____we’vebeenlookingfor.8.Iwon'tmakefriendswiththose_____oftentelllies.9.Theunsmilingwoman_____Imetatthedinnerpartywasoneofmywife’sfriends.10.Themostinterestingbook____I'veeverreadistheHistoryoftheTime.用定语从句合并以下各句Wheatisaplant.ItisplantedinthenorthofChina.Youwenttoseeamoviewithagirllastnight.Whoisthegirl?Youlostadictionaryintheschoollibrarylastweek.Haveyoufoundit?Isawtheshortoldmaninthemeetingroomthismorning.Nowwhereishe?Thegreatmanoncelivedinthathouse.Canyoushowmearoundthehouse?Aladycametoourshoptobuyawoolendress.Areyouthelady?Youoftentalkofyourprofessor.Isthatoldmantheprofessor?Iwillalwaysrememberthedays.Ispentthosedaysinthatbeautifulcitywithmyhusband.Thatisthecollege.Ivisitedthatcollegetwomonthsago.SanFranciscoisafamouscity.Greatearthquakeoftenshookthatcity.单句改错(每句一错)Isthisthehorsethatyouspentfivehoursdrawingityesterday? _____Thosewhohasfinishedtheexercisesmayleavetheclassroomnow. _____Childreneatalotofsweetsorchocolateoftenhavebadteeth. _____MrGreenisalwaysworkinghardshouldgetarise. _____Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentsthathavebeenabroad. _____6.Icareaboutnothingwhichisgoingonthere. _____IV.用适当的介词和关系代词填空1.Thisisthehouse_________Iwasbornonarainyevening.2.Isthegirlyourfriend_________youshookhandsjustnow?3．Theyoungshouldneverforgettheday_______theCommunistPartyofChinawasfounded.4.Thepen_________Iwrotetheletterjustnowisgone.5.Thereisaverybigtreeinthevillage________thevillagersoftenhavemeetingsinsummer.6.Ican'tfindthegoldring___________Ispent100dollars.V易错题辨析GroupAthey/which/who/whom/them①MrLihasthreedaughters,noneof__________isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof__________isadancer．③MrLihasthreedaughters;___________aredoctors．GroupBwhich/that/as/when/①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_________ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_________MrWangworks．定语从句典型错误例析1.我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片[误]IshowedhimthephotosItooktheminHangzhoulastweek.[正]IshowedhimthephotosItookinHangzhoulastweek.[析]关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词（that/which）的定语从句，that/which指代thephotos，在定语从句中充当took的宾语，故them多余，应去掉。2.那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。[误]Themanismendingthecarismyuncle.[正]Themanwho/thatismendingthecarismyuncle.[析]关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略，只有作宾语时才能省略that。本句还可以译为Themanmendingthecarismyuncle.（-ing形式短语mendingthecar作theman的后置定语。）3.这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？[误Isthis]kiteyourfathermadeforyouyesterday?[正]Isthiskitetheone(that)yourfathermadeforyouyesterday?[析]若把this看作kite的修饰语，短语thiskite为主句的主语，这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定语从句的先行词，所以应该加上代词theone。如果我们把this看作代词，作句子的主语，那么kite应该为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词kite前缺少定冠词the。故本句还可改为：Isthisthekite(that/which)yourfathermadeforyouyesterday?4.她告诉我的就这些。[误]Thisisallwhichshetoldme.[正]Thisisall(that)shetoldme.[析]当先行词为all,none,one,any,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等或先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。另外，本句还可以译为Thisiswhatshetoldme.不过此时what引导的是表语从句，而不是定语从句。5.这是我们明天要讨论的问题。[误]Thisistheproblemaboutthatwe’lltalktomorrow.[正]Thisistheproblemaboutwhichwe’lltalktomorrow.[正]Thisistheproblem(that/which)we’lltalkabouttomorrow.[析]“介词+关系代词}引导的定语从句，先行词指人时，关系代词用whom；指物时，关系代词用which。另外，有些固定短语如lookafter,listento等，一般也不能将介词提到关系代词之前。6.从这儿可以看到屋顶的那幢建筑物是镇里最大的超市。[误]Thebuilding,whichroofcanbeseenhere,isthebiggestsupermarketintown.[正]Thebuilding,whoseroofcanbeseenhere,isthebiggestsupermarketintown.[析]分析句意可知，building和roof之间存在所属关系，故应用whose，whose在引导从句定语从句时既可指人又可指物，通常可与ofwhich互换使用，因此本句还可以表示为：Thebuilding,theroofofwhich（ofwhichtheroof）canbeseenhere,isthebiggestsupermarketintown.7.人没有空气就不能生存，这是很自然的。[误]Whichisverynatural,mancan’tlivewithoutair.[正]Mancan’tlivewithoutair,which/asisverynatural.[正]Asisverynatural,mancan’tlivewithoutair.[析]which/as都可以引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，表语，宾语。但which引导的从句只能放在主句之后，而as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首，句中或句末。8.他是今天早晨迟到的学生之一。[误]Hewasoneofthestudentswhowaslatethismorning.[正]Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerelatethismorning.[析]在“oneof+复数名词”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词应用复数；在“theonlyoneof+复数名词”的结构中，定语从句的先行词是one，故谓语动词应用单数。如：SheistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourclasswhohaseverbeentoBeijing.她是我们班唯一去过北京的学生。9.我还记得我在北京度过的日子。[误]IstillrememberthedayswhenIspentinBeijing.[正]Istillrememberthedays(which/that)IspentinBeijing.[析]定语从句中引导词的选择关键词是看先行词在定语从句中充当什么样的成分，或者说定语从句中缺少什么成分。如果从句缺少主语，表语，宾语，则引导词通常为which,that,who,whom,as;如果缺少定语则用关系代词whose;如果缺少状语，则用关系副词when,where,why.分析例句的成分可以知道，从句中缺少谓语动词spent的宾语，故应用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。若把例句变为：Istillrememberthedays__IenjoyedmyselfinBeijing.则定语从句中缺少时间状语，故此时应用关系副词when。10.昨晚送你回家的那个人是谁？[误]Whoisthemanwhosentyouhomelastnight?[正]Whoisthemanthatsentyouhomelastnight?[析]当主句为含有who/which的疑问句，关系代词用that，而不用who或which。如:Whichisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?哪本书是你昨天买的？11.他们谈了许多他们所知道的人和事。[误]Theytalkedaboutalotofthingsandpersonswhat/who/whichtheyknew.[正]Theytalkedaboutalotofthingsandpersonsthattheyknew.[析]先行词既有人又有物时应该用that来引导。What不可以引导定语从句。12.他们昨晚看了一部影片，影片讲述的是关于美国内战的故事。[误]Theysawafilmlastnight,thattellsabouttheAmericanCivilWar.[正]Theysawafilmlastnight,whichtellsabouttheAmericanCivilWar.[析]that不能引导非限定性定语从句。13.我的家乡已不再是十年前的样子。[误]Myhometownisnolongerthetownwhichitusedtobetenyearsago.[正]Myhometownisnolongerthetown(that)itusedtobetenyearsago.[析]当先行词在定语从句中充当表语时关系代词一般只能用that。另外，先行词是therebe中的主语时，关系代词也常用that，口语中这两中情况的关系代词that也可以省略。如：Thereisapark(that)weoftenvisitonSundays.高一上定语从句第二课时学案：介词+which/whom引导的定语从句一、关系代词在定语从句中作宾语的复习：whom、介宾Heisthemanwho/whom/thatwegetonwellwith.Heisthemanwithwhomwegetonwell.Thisisthehousewhich/thatIlivedin.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlived.二、介词+which引导的定语从句ThesubjectinwhichI'mmostinterestedisEnglish.Wecanseethemethodbywhichthecomputerworks.Istillrememberthetimewhen(=atwhich)Ifirstbecameahighschoolstudent.TherecanbefewstreetsinLondonwhere(=atwhich/inwhich)youcan’tbuybooks.Thatisthereasonwhy（=forwhich）heisleavingsoearly.归纳一：when,where,why=.但反之则不一定。关系副词有。当我们选择关系副词时，先行词一定是。(P91whose+n=the+n+ofwhom/which)ThisistheplacewhereIspentmychildhood.Thisistheplacewhichwevisitedlastsummer.Thereasonwhichhegaveuswashardtoaccept.Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathemissedthefirstbus.归纳二：即使先行词相同，关系代词和关系副词的选择与先行词在主句中的位置无关，而是看关系词在担任什么成分。换句话说，是看定语从句中差还是+关系代词。三、介词+whom引导的定语从句ThepersonwithwhomItalkedwasagoodfriendofmine.ThescientistfromwhomIlearnedalotneverlostheartwhenhewasintrouble.四、介词+which/whom引导的定语从句：介词的选择Thisdependsonthepurposeforwhichthetaskisdone.Thespeedatwhichthemachineworksisshownonthemetre(仪表).Thesteelofwhichtheshipismadeisveryexpensive.HeistellingusastoryofLeiFeng,ofwhomeveryoneisproud.归纳：在介词+关系词引导的定语从句中，介词的选择有可能和有关，也有可能和定语从句中的动词，形容词等有关，因此，我们要根据先行词或从句的意义选择使用恰当的介词。五、文中句子分析。P34六、playagame.P37.备注：n+ofwhich/whom引导的定语从句考点1简单介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。高考考例：1.(2004全国卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_______thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich解析：关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.故答案选A。2.(2004全国卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：本句主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立的句子是:Mystudentsactedintheplay.故答案选C。3.(2004上海卷)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talkwith的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。考点2复杂介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：①Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.②IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided?考点3简单介词+关系代词+名词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。高考考例：(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich解析：介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。Thisisthebossinwhosecompanyhiseldersisterisworking.考点4the+名词+of+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”。高考考例：(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose解析：答案选B。本题就是一个考查the+名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里thepriceofwhich指代thepriceofthevase,答案也可以是whoseprice。考点5表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指事物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any；数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级；以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter等。高考考例：1.(2004湖北卷)Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich解析：答案为D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B选项缺少一个连词。2.(2004辽宁卷)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat解析：答案为A。80%ofwhich指代的是80%oftheshoes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。练习题I.填入适当的引导词答案：1．whose2.who3.as4.which5.when6.why7.where8.when9.that10.whom答案：1．whose2.who3.as4.which5.when6.why7.where8.when9.that10.whom1．Pleasepassmethenotebook____coverisyellow．2．LiHuawasoneofthegirls____havethechancetogoabroad.3．HemustbeformAfrica,____canbeseenfromhisskin．4．Air,___webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime．5．1949wastheyear____theNewChinawasborn．6．Idon'tknowthereason____shelooksunhappytoday．7．Thisisthevillage_____myfatherworkedthreeyearsago．8．Istillremembertheday____theoldscientisttookustothelabforthefirsttime．9．Theletter______Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommysister．10．Thewoman_____yousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.II.合并各组句子II.合并各组句子1．Thefactoryisasmallone.Thefactorystandsneartheriver．II.合并各组句子1．Thefactoryisasmallone.Thefactorystandsneartheriver．2．Haveyouansweredtheletter?Yougotthatlettertwoweeksago．3．I'llneverforgettheday.OnthatdayIjoinedtheLeague.4.Wearenotallowedtodoso．Tellmethereason.5．Theboystudentisveryyoung.Hewonthegame.6．Thetownhasbecomeafamouscity．Hegrewupinthetown．7．IspendmychildhoodinSuzhou．IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIleft．8．HeisleavingforWuhantomeethisdaughter．Hehasnotseenthegirlforyears．9．Doyouknowtheman?Hissonisafamousscientist．10．Myuncleboughtthebicyclelastweek．Thebicyclehasbeenstolen.答案：1．Thefactorywhichisasmallonestandsneartheriver．2．Haveyouansweredtheletterthatyoureceivedtwoweeksago?3．I'llneverforget