as与which引导的定语从句及定语从句关系代词和关系副词的区别教案

as与which引导的定语从句及定语从句关系代词和关系副词的区别适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域适用版本区域课时时长（分钟）60分钟知识点as与which引导的定语从句只能用which引导的定语从句定语从句与状语从句的区别定语从句的强调句型教学目标知识：1、掌握定语从句中非限制性定语从句的使用。2、能准确使用关系词解答定语从句的相关问题。方法：要总结、熟记一些关系词在定语从句中的使用；要学会在实际中灵活运用。能力：1、能正确运用关系代词和关系副词在各类定语从句中。2、掌握并会分析句子成分，从而熟练解题。教学重点1.继续探讨关系词在非限制性定语从句中的应用2.通过对相似句型的比较及句子成分的分析，在一些特殊情况下，关系代词和关系副词如何进行选择教学难点as引导的非限制性定语从句；定语从句中需要注意的特例。教学过程复习预习1.关系代词的种类：关系代词:that,which,who,whose,关系副词:when,where,why2.Hetalkedabouttheschooslandtheteachers_______hehadvisited.A.that

B.which

C.whoD.whom3.Hetalkedabouttheschooslandtheteachers_______hehadvisited.A.that

B.which

C.whoD.whom4.Thelosttheirwayintheforest,_______mademattersworse.A.that

B.which

C.whereD.when5.Thisisthehousewherehehaslivedfor20years.6.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.二、知识讲解知识点1：非限制性定语从句关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom，指地点用where，指时间when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定语用whose。e.g.Hedidn’tseethefilm,whichwasveryinteresting.(不用that)as引导的非限制性定语从句as可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：AsweknowAshasbeensaidbefore如上所述AsisknowntoallAsisoftenthecase像通常那样AsisreportedAswasexpected正如预料的那样Eg：Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.重点比较as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别as和which都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。Eg：Hedidn’ttellmeanynews,as/whichupsetme.Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而as引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。Eg：Asisreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.=Talksbetweenthetwocountries,asisreportedinthenewspapers,aremakingprogress.as与that的区别As引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。e.g.ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。5.such….as和thesame…as的用法such….as：像….一样的，像…..之类；thesame…as：和…..同样的在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。Eg：Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.(在从句中作主语)Iseldomgivemystudentssuchadifficultproblemastheycannotworkout.（在从句中作宾语）Theresultisnotthesameastheyhadexpected.(在从句中作宾语)thesame…as…和thesame…that…的用法区别thesame…as…:和…..相同（代指同类事物）；thesame…that…：和….相同（代指同一事物）两者都引导定语从句。as从句中说明的名词与thesame修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与thesame修饰的名词是同一个。Eg：Heisreadingthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.Heisreadingthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.=ThisisthepenthatIlost.(指同一支笔)Thisisthesame(kind/type/sort)ofpenasIlost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）知识点2：同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词之后，但两者存在明显区别：同为语从句：其对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现（相当于名词的作用）。that引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用whether,how等连词引导（定语从句则不能）。定语从句:对先行词加以限制或修饰，说明先行词的性质或特征（相当于一个形容词的作用），定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当成分（that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，充当定语从句的宾语，that可以省略）注意体会一下三组例句.第一组1)Wecan’tsolvetheproblemhowwecantravelfasterthanlight.我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。2)Ican’tremembertheproblemthattheyhave.我记不得他们的问题了。(2)第二组1）Iwon’tbelievethefactthatheliedtohismother.我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实2)Iwon’tbelievethefact(that)hetoldme.我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。（3）第三组1)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。2)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。知识点3：定语从句中的主谓一致问题1.I,whoamyourfriend,willhelpyou.2.Thestudentwhoisplayingbasketballismyclassmate.TheonlyoneTheoneof+c/npl.定从+单三Oneof+c/npl.定从+复数1.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoworkshard.2.Heisoneofthestudentswhoworkhard.知识点4：插入语问题1.IthinkyoushouldringTom,who(I’mafraid)willnotcome.2.Heboughtacoat,which(Ithink)isveryexpensive.知识点5：分隔式定语从句----找准先行词Daysaregonewhenwecouldswiminthecleverrivernearourhouse.Thereisamanoutsidethedoorwhowantstoseeyou.知识点6：关系代词与人称代词<he,him,them>指示代词<this,that,…>的转换Hehasthreesons,allofwhomaredoctors.Hehasthreesons,andallofthemaredoctors.Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehismotherangry.Hefailedintheexam,andthat/itmadehismotherangry.有并列连词and,but,so选人称代词，无并列连词选关系代词知识点7：先行词+关系词=whatHeisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.

Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe知识点8：定语从句与地点状语从句Pleaseputthebookwhereyoucanfinditeasily地点状语从句Pleaseputthebookintheplacewhereyoucanfinditeasily.(inwhich)知识点9：定语从句与强调句Itis+名词that（which）定从Itis+介词+名词that从句（强调句）e.g.thathewasborninwhich…..定语从句ItistheplaceinwhichWherehewasbornItisintheplacethathewasborn.强调句知识点10：当先行词是way，表示方式方法时，引导词可用inwhich，that，that可省略。ThisisthewayinwhichthatIstudyEnglish.Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/空格youtreather.Idon’tlikethewaywhich/that/空格youtoldme.考点/易错点1定从与what引导的名词性从句的转换Pleasetellmeeverythingthat/空格youknow.Pleasetellmewhatyouknow.宾从Pleasetellmewhathashappened.考点/易错点2定语从句与强调句Itis+名词that（which）定从Itis+介词+名词that从句（强调句）e.g.thathewasborninwhich…..定语从句ItistheplaceinwhichWherehewasbornItisintheplacethathewasborn.强调句考点/易错点3抽象地点名词Stage,occasion,point,case,activity…这类词做先行词如果缺状语wheree.g.Icanthinkofmanycaseswheredriversknowtrafficrulesbutdon’tfollowthem.Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.Lifeislikealongrace______wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.AwhichBthatC/Dwhere.三、例题精析【例题1】【题干】Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.

A.itB.thatC.whichD.he

【答案】C【解析】此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。【例题2】【题干】Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich【答案】C【解析】因为是twoballpens,并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。考查定语从句。根据后面的时间短语atthatmoment可知occasion指时间，故要使用关系副词when，相当于atwhichtime.【例题3】【题干】_______isoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandma,talkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast50minutesnonstop.

A.That

B.Which

C.As

D.It

【答案】C【解析】解析：as引导的非限制性定语从句四、课堂运用【基础】1.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though答案和解析B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定语从句.2.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose答案和解析A.hemakes是定语从句,从句前省略了关系代词that.3.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it答案和解析B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.4.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that答案和解析C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状语5.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what答案和解析B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.【巩固】6.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which答案和解析C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.7.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked答案和解析A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则theone应该视为先行词。8.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked答案和解析A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。9.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as答案和解析D.such………as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.10.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels答案和解析C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用sucha……..,本题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词.【拔高】11.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as答案和解析C.as引导定